On this day in History – Dec. 20

• 0069 – Vespasian, a former general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of emperor.
• 0069 – Aulus Vitellius dies murdered. Roman commandant of Rhine and 7th emperor.
• 0217 – Pope Zephyrinus dies.
• 0860 – King Ethelbald of Wessex dies
• 0910 – Alfonso III of Leon ( the Great) dies. King of Leon and Asturias.
• 1022 – Elvira Mendes dies (b. 0996). Queen of Alfonso V of Castile.
• 1046 – Synod of Sutri : German king Henry III removes Popes Gregory VI.
• 1192 – Richard the Lion-Heart was captured and imprisoned by Leopold V of Austria on his way home to England after signing a treaty with Saladin ending the crusade.
• 1334 – Pope Benedictus XII (Jaques Fournier) begins his Papacy (until 25 Apr 1342). See the list of all Popes
• 1355 – Stefan Dušan dies (b. circa 1308). Serb king and tsar.
• 1494 – Oronce Finé was born (d. 1555). French mathematician.
• 1494 – Matteo Maria Boiardo dies. Italian poet.
• 1522 – Suleiman the Magnificent accepts the surrender of the surviving Knights of Rhodes, who are allowed to evacuate. They eventually re-settle on Malta and become known as the Knights of Malta.
• 1524 – Thomas Linacre dies. English scholar and physician.
• 1537 – King John III of Sweden was born (d. 1592).
• 1539 – Johannes Lupi dies. Flemish composer.
• 1566 – Edward Wightman was born (d.1612). English Baptist preacher.
• 1579 – John Fletcher is baptized (d. 1625). English playwright.
• 1590 – Ambroise Paré dies (b. 1510). French physician.
• 1594 – Giovanni Battista Gagliano was born, composer.
• 1606 – The Virginia Company loaded three ships with settlers and set sail to establish Jamestown, Virginia, the first permanent English settlement in the Americas
• 1626 – Veit Ludwig von Seckendorff was born (d. 1692). German statesman.
• 1629 – Pieter de Hooch was born (d.1684). Duttch painter.
• 1633 – Gregório de Matos e Guerra was born in São Salvador, Bahia (d. 1696 in Recife). Poet.
• 1699 – Pedro o Grande anuncia a adoção de um novo calendário russo, cujo Ano Novo começaria em 1 de Janeiro e não mais em 1 de setembro.
• 1717 – Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes was born (d. 1787). French statesman and diplomat.
• 1722 – Kangxi Emperor of China dies (b. 1654).
• 1723 – Augustus Quirinus Rivinus dies (b. 1652)
• 1737 – D. Tomás de Almeida becomes the 1st. Patriarch Cardinal of Lisbon – Portugal
• 1740 – Richard Boyle, 2nd Viscount Shannon dies (b. 1675). English military officer and statesman.
• 1766 – São incorporadas na Coroa Portuguesa todas as saboarias do Reino. O conde Castelo Melhor, que perde o monopólio, é compensado com o título de marquês e importantes bens fundiários.
• 1768 – Carlo Innocenzio Maria Frugoni dies (b. 1692). Italian poet.
• 1780 – England declares war on Netherlands.
• 1783 – Antonio Soler dies. Spanish composer.
• 1786 – Pietro Raimondi was born (d. 1853). Italian composer.
• 1790 – The first successful cotton mill in the United States began operating at Pawtucket, R.I.
• 1792 – Nicolas Charlet was born (d. 1845). French painter .
• 1795 – Retirados los restos de Cristóbal Colón de la catedral de Santo Domingo para trasladarlos a Cuba.
• 1803 – The United States purchased the Louisiana territory from France is completed during ceremonies in New Orleans.
• 1805 – Thomas Graham was born (d. 1869). Father of colloid chemistry.
• 1812 – Sacagawea dies. Shoshone guide for the Lewis and Clark Expedition
• 1823 – Franz Schuberts “Ballet-Musik aus Rosamunde” premieres in Vienna.
• 1830 – England, France, Prussia, Austria & Russia recognize Belgium .
• 1833 – Samuel Mudd was born. Physician, possible conspirator in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.
• 1835 – First signing of the Texas Declaration of Independence at Goliad, Texas.
• 1838 – Edwin Abbott Abbott was born (d. 1926). English schoolmaster, theologian, and author.
• 1841 – Ferdinand Buisson was born. French educator and pacifist. Nobel Peace Prize 1927 in 1927 (jointly with the German pacifist Ludwig Quidde).
• 1856 – Ferdinand Avenarius was born (d. 1923). Author.
• 1860 – South Carolina became the first state to secede from the Union.
• 1860 – Dan Leno was born (d. 1904). English entertainer.
• 1861 – Ivana Kobilca was born (d. 1926). Slovenian painter.
• 1864 – Confederate forces evacuated Savannah, Ga., as Union Gen. William T. Sherman continued his ”March to the Sea.”
• 1865 – Elsie De Wolfe aka Lady Mendl was born (d. 1950). American socialite and interior decorator.
• 1868 – Harvey Samuel Firestone was born (d. 1938). American automobile pioneer, Firestone tyres.
• 1872 – Lorenzo Perosi was born († 1956). Italian composer.
• 1875 – Joaquim Sunyer i Miró was born (d. 1956). Painter.
• 1879 – Tom Edison privately demonstrated incandescent light at Menlo Park.
• 1879 – Maranhão Sobrinho was born (d. 25 Dez. 1915). Brazilian poet.
• 1881 – Branch Rickey was born (d. 1965). American baseball executive.
• 1886 – Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman was born (d. 1974). American tennis player.
• 1888 – Fred Merkle was born (d. 1958). American baseball figure.
• 1890 – Yvonne Arnaud was born (d. 1958). French-born actress.
• 1890 – Jaroslav Heyrovský was born (d. 1967). Czech chemist, Nobel Prize laureate in 1959.
• 1892 – Pneumatic automobile tire patented by Alexander Brown and George Stillman of New York.
• 1892 – Eduarda Mansilla dies (b. 1838). Argentine writer.
• 1894 – Portuguese Olimpic Comitee is created.
• 1894 – Sir Robert Menzies was born (d. 1978). Twelfth Prime Minister of Australia (1939-41, 1949-66)
• 1898 – Irene Dunne was born in Louisville. Kentucky (d. 1990). American actress (Show Boat, I Remember Mama, My Favorite Wife).
• 1901 – Robert Van de Graaff was born (d. 1967). American physicist and inventor.
• 1902 – Sidney Hook was born (d. 1989). American philosopher.
• 1902 – George Edward Alexander Windsor was born (d. 1942). Duke of Kent.
• 1904 – Spud Davis was born (d. 1984). Baseball player.
• 1907 – Paul Francis Webster was born (d. 1984). American lyricist.
• 1908 – Dennis Morgan was born (d. 1994). American actor.
• 1909 – Vakkom Majeed was born (d. 2000). Indian politician.
• 1911 – Hortense Calisher was born. American author.
• 1915 – World War I: Last Australian troops evacuated from Gallipoli .
• 1916 – Michel Chartrand was born. Quebec union leader
• 1917 – Cheka, first Soviet secret police, founded under Felix Dzerzjinski.
• 1917 – Gonzalo Rojas was born. Chilean poet.
• 1917 – David Bohm was born (d. 1992). American-born physicist, philosopher, and neuropsychologist.
• 1917 – Lucien Petit-Breton dies (b. 1882). Argentine-French cyclist.
• 1918 – Jean Marchand was born (d. 1988). French Canadian trade unionist and politician.
• 1918 – Audrey Totter was born. American actress
• 1918 – Eugene O’Neill’s “Moon of the Caribees” premieres in New York NY.
• 1920 – Väinö Linna was born in Urjala. Finnish author.
• 1921 – Hans Hartwig von Beseler dies (b. 1850). German general.
• 1922 – 14 republics form Union of Soviet Socialistic Republics (USSR) .
• 1922 – Polish parliament selects Stanislaw Wojcieckowski as president.
• 1922 – Beverly Pepper was born. American sculptor and painter.
• 1922 – George Roy Hill was born (d. 2002). American film director.
• 1923 – Chocolate (Dorival Silva) was born (d. 27 Jun 1989). Brazilian singer and comedian.
• 1924 – Judy LaMarsh was born (d. 1980). Canadian politician and broadcaster.
• 1925 – Benito Lorenzi was born (d. 2007). Italian footballer.
• 1925 – Mahathir bin Mohamad was born. Prime Minister of Malaysia
• 1926 – Sir Geoffrey Howe was born in Port Talbot, Glamorgan. British politician : Chancellor of the Exchequer (1979-1983), foreign secretary (1983-89), and deputy prime minister (1989-90).
• 1926 – Otto Graf Lambsdorff was born. German politician.
• 1927 – Kim Young-sam was born. President of South Korea.
• 1929 – Émile Loubet dies (b. 1838). 7th President of France.
• 1931 – Mala Powers was born (d. 2007). American film actress.
• 1932 – Al Jolson, the most famous singer of his day, recorded one of his best-known songs, April Showers on Brunswick Records.
• 1933 – Bolivia & Paraguay sign weapon cease fire.
• 1933 – Jean Carnahan was born. U.S. Senator
• 1933 – Rik Van Looy was born. Belgian cyclist
• 1935 – Pope Pius XI publishes encyclical Ad Catholici Sacerdotii .
• 1935 – Italians are driven back to the Dembeguina Pass when Abyssinian troops cross the River Takkaze.
• 1935 – José Francisco Borges was born in Bezerros, Pernambuco. Brazilian poet and artist.
• 1935 – Martin O’Meara dies (b. 1822). Australian soldier.
• 1937 – Gonçalo Ferreira da Silva was born in Ipu, Ceará. Brazilian poet and essayst.
• 1937 – Erich Ludendorff dies (b. 1865). German general.
• 1938 – John Harbison was born. American composer
• 1940 – Alan Parsons was born in London. Disc producer (The Alan Parsons Project)
• 1941 – Igor Severyanin dies (b. 1887). Russian poet.
• 1941 – World War II: First battle of the American Volunteer Group, better known as the “Flying Tigers” in Kunming, China.
• 1941 – Japanese troops landed on Mindanao. (World War II).
• 1942 – World War II: 1st Japanese bombing of Calcutta .
• 1942 – Bob Hayes was born (d. 2002). American football player.
• 1942 – Sílvio de Abreu was born. Brazilian novelist and actor.
• 1944 – Getúlio Vargas Foundation is created in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
• 1944 – Bobby Colomby was born. American musician (Blood, Sweat & Tears)
• 1944 – Jean Fergusson was born. English actress
• 1945 – Peter George Criscoula was born. American drummer and singer (KISS)
• 1946 – The Frank Capra film ”It’s A Wonderful Life” had a preview showing for charity at New York City’s Globe Theatre, a day before its official premiere.
• 1946 – John Spencer was born (d. 2005). American actor.
• 1946 – Uri Geller was born. Israeli psychic known for his demonstrations of metal bending and telepathy.
• 1946 – Dick Wolf was born. American television series creator
• 1947 – Gigliola Cinquetti was born. Italian singer.
• 1948 – O Canadá reconhece o estabelecimento do Estado de Israel.
• 1948 – Alan Parsons was born. British music producer and artist
• 1949 – Claudia Jennings [Mary Ellen Chestrerton] was born in Minnesota, playmate (November 1969) .
• 1949 – Soumaïla Cissé was born. Malian politician.
• 1949 – Cecil Cooper was born. Major League baseball player
• 1951 – Nuclear power first harvested when EBR-1 powers four light bulbs.
• 1951 – Gilbert Montagné was born. French musician
• 1951 – Peter May was born. Scottish novelist and scriptwriter
• 1952 – United States Air Force C-124 crashs and burns in Moses Lake, Washington killing 87 .
• 1952 – Brigitte Bardot married Roger Vadim.
• 1952 – Jenny Agutter was born in Taunton, Somerset, SW England. English actress best known for her role in ‘The Railway Children’ (1970).
• 1952 – A Assembleia Geral da ONU aprova por maioria a Convenção sobre os Direitos Políticos da Mulher.
• 1954 – 20 000 French soldiers are sent to Algerie.
• 1954 – Michael Badalucco was born. American actor.
• 1954 – Sandra Cisneros was born. American writer
• 1954 – James Hilton dies (b. 1900). American novelist; many of his works were filmed, notably ‘Lost Horizon’ (1933) and ‘Goodbye Mr Chips’ (1934).
• 1955 – Sudan becomes independent.
• 1955 – Yugoslavia wins UN vote The United Nations General Assembly elects Yugoslavia to the hotly-contested temporary seat on the Security Council.
• 1955 – Cardiff was proclaimed as the capital city of Wales,United Kingdom
• 1955 – Ed Kuepper was born. German-born Australian musician (The Saints, Laughing Clowns)
• 1956 – Military coup under colonel Simbolon in Sumatra.
• 1956 – Junji Hirata was born. Japanese professional wrestler.
• 1956 – Blanche Baker was born. American actress.
• 1956 – Ramon Carrillo dies (b. 1906). Argentine neuroscientist and Public Health minister.
• 1957 – European Nuclear Energy Agence is founded.
• 1957 – Billy Bragg was born. English singer and songwriter
• 1957 – Mike Watt was born. American bassist
• 1957 – Joyce Hyser was born. American actress
• 1957 – Anna Vissi was born. Greek-Cypriot singer
• 1957 – Stephen Bicknell was born (d. 2007). Leading British organ expert
• 1958 – Steve Sailer was born. American political commentator.
• 1960 – National Front for the Liberation of Vietnam is formed.
• 1960 – Nalo Hopkinson was born. Canadian writer.
• 1960 – Pedro Abrunhosa was born. Portuguese singer.
• 1961 – Résolution de l’ONU sur le statut des corps célestes : ils peuvent être librement explorés par tous les États et ne sont pas susceptibles d’appropriation nationale.
• 1961 – Moss Hart dies (b. 1904). American author.
• 1961 – Earle Page dies (b. 1880). Eleventh Prime Minister of Australia
• 1962 – Osmond brothers debut on Andy Williams Show .
• 1962 – D Sjostakovitz opera “Katerina Ismailova,” premieres in Moscow .
• 1962 – In its first free election in 38 years, the Dominican Republic chooses leftist Juan Bosch Gavino as president.
• 1963 – Berlin Wall opened for first time More than two years after the Berlin Wall was constructed by East Germany to prevent its citizens from fleeing its communist regime, nearly 4000 West Berliners are allowed to cross into East Berlin to visit relatives, under a 17 day Christmas accord .
• 1963 – Trial against 22 camp guards of Auschwitz begins.
• 1963 – Infanta Elena of Spain was born. Duchess of Lugo.
• 1965 – Rich Gannon was born. American football player.
• 1966 – Chris Robinson was born. American singer (Black Crowes)
• 1966 – Matt Neal was born. British race driver.
• 1966 – Myrra Malmberg was born. Swedish singer.
• 1967 – 474,300 US soldiers in Vietnam
• 1968 – John Steinbeck dies (b. 1902). American writer : Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Grapes of Wrath (1939). Nobel Prize laureate in 1962.
• 1968 – In Spain, Franco banished Prince Carlos, pretender to the Spanish throne.
• 1968 – The Zodiac Killer kills Betty Lou Jenson and David Faraday in Vallejo, CA.
• 1968 – Karl Wendlinger was born. Austrian racing driver.
• 1968 – Joe Cornish was born. British comedian.
• 1968 – Phil Andrews was born. British racing driver.
• 1969 – Muhammad Anwar al-Sadat is named by Colonel Gamal Abdul al-Nasser as his successor.
• 1969 – Peter, Paul & Mary’s “Leaving on a Jet Plane” reaches #1
• 1970 – Nicole DeBoer was born. Canadian actress (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, The Dead Zone)
• 1970 – Massimo Ellul was born. Maltese entrepreneur and philanthropist
• 1971 – Pakistani President Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan transferred power to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.
• 1973 – Luis Carrero Blanco, Prime Minister of Spain is assassinated in a car bomb attack in Madrid by ETA.
• 1973 – Cory Stillman was born. National Hockey League forward
• 1973 – Bobby Darin dies (b. 1936). American singer.
• 1974 – Ethiopia was declared a socialist state under the leadership of Mengistu Haile Mariam.
• 1974 – Die was born. Japanese musician (Dir en grey)
• 1974 – André Jolivet dies (b. 1905). French composer.
• 1975 – Bartosz Bosacki was born. Polish football player.
• 1975 – Christian Filippella was born. Italian film director.
• 1975 – Jaydy Michel was born. Mexican model.
• 1976 – Ramon Stoppelenburg was born. World traveler and Dutch author.
• 1976 – Jang Hyuk was born. Korean actor.
• 1976 – Aubrey Huff was born. Baseball player
• 1976 – Adam Powell was born. Neopets creator
• 1976 – Walter Fitzgerald dies at 80. Actor (Adv of Sadie, Fallen Idol).
• 1976 – Israel’s Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin resigns.
• 1976 – Richard J. Daley dies (b. 1902). Mayor of Chicago.
• 1977 – Saukrates was born. Canadian rapper.
• 1978 – Geremi Njitap was born. Cameroon footballer.
• 1978 – Andrei Markov was born. Russian hockey player
• 1979 – Kim Jae-kyu, o cabeça do Serviço Secreto da Coréia, é condenado a morte pelo assassinato do presidente Park Chung-hee em Seul.
• 1979 – Michael Rogers was born. Australian cyclist.
• 1980 – Ashley Cole was born. English football player.
• 1980 – Anthony da Silva (Tony) was born. French-Portuguese footballer
• 1980 – Artur Paredes dies (b. 1899). Portuguese guitarist and composer. Father of Carlos Paredes.
• 1981 – The first ever on-stage performance of the award-winning Broadway musical Dreamgirls at Imperial Theatre on Broadway.
• 1981 – James Shields was born. American baseball player.
• 1981 – Roy Williams was born. American football player.
• 1982 – David Wright was born. Baseball player.
• 1982 – Arthur Rubinstein dies in Geneve (b. 1887). Polish-born pianist, who became a US citizen in 1946, thereafter making over 200 recordings (My young years)
• 1983 – PLO chairman Yasser Arafat and 4,000 loyalists evacuated Lebanon.
• 1983 – El Salvador adopts constitution .
• 1983 – Ladrões roubam a taça Jules Rimet da sede da Confederação Brasileira de Futebol. O troféu pesava 1,8 kg em ouro puro.
• 1983 – Lucy Pinder was born. British model.
• 1983 – Jonah Hill was born. American actor.
• 1983 – Lara Stone was born. Dutch model.
• 1984 – The Summit tunnel fire is the largest underground fire in history, as a freight train carrying over 1 million litres of petrol derails near the town of Todmorden in the Pennines
• 1984 – 33 unknown Bach keyboard works found in Yale library.
• 1984 – Gonzalo Márquez dies (b. 1946). Venezuelan Major League Baseball player.
• 1986 – Joe DeSa dies (b. 1959). Baseball player.
• 1987 – Dona Paz ferry sinks after crash with oil tanker Vector, 4.386 die.
• 1987 – Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov dies. Russian mathematician.
• 1987 – Tariel Zintiridis was born. Greek judoka
• 1988 – É assassinado Chico Mendes, líder dos seringueiros no Acre e fundador do Sindicato dos Trabalhadores Rurais de Basiléia e Xapuri (Brasil) .
• 1988 – Premier Ranasinghe Premadasa was elected President of Sri Lanka.
• 1988 – The United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances is signed at Vienna.
• 1988 – Alphonse Ouimet dies (b. 1908). Canadian television pioneer, president of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
• 1989 – United States invasion of Panama: United States invaded Panama and installed a new government but failed to capture General Manuel Noriega
• 1989 – El pintor español José María Sicilia, galardonado con el Premio Nacional español de Artes Plásticas.
• 1989 – Kurt Böhme dies (b. 1908). German bass.
• 1990 – Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze resigns
• 1990 – JoJo was born. American singer.
• 1991 – Paul Keating becomes Prime Minister of Australia.
• 1991 – A Missouri court passes the death sentence on Palestinian militant Zein Isa and his wife Maria for the honor killing of their daughter Palestina.
• 1991 – Simone Beck dies (b. 1904). French chef.
• 1992 – Slobodan Milosevic was re-elected as President of Serbia.
• 1994 – México desvaloriza o peso e inicia o efeito Tequila em todas as economias da América Latina.
• 1994 – Dean Rusk dies (b. 1909). United States Secretary of State.
• 1995 – NATO begins peacekeeping in Bosnia
• 1995 – American Airlines Flight 965, a Boeing 757, crashes into a mountain 50 km north of Cali, Colombia killing 160.
• 1995 – The Democratic Social Movement is founded in Greece.
• 1996 – NeXT merges with Apple Computer, starting the path to Mac OS X.
• 1996 – Promulgação da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (Brazil)
• 1996 – Carl Sagan dies (b. 1934). American astronomer and writer.
• 1997 – Dawn Steel dies (b. 1946). American film producer.
• 1997 – Denise Levertov dies (b. 1923).English-born poet.
• 1997 – Juzo Itami dies (b. 1933). Japanese actor and director.
• 1998 – Irene Hervey dies (b. 1910). American actress.
• 1998 – Alan Lloyd Hodgkin dies (b. 1916). British scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• 1999 – Hank Snow dies (b. 1914). Canadian singer.
• 1999 – Carlos Niemeyer dies (b. 09 Sep 1920). Brazilian film producer (Futebol Total).
• 1999 – Vermont‘s Supreme Court rules that homosexual couples are entitled to same benefits and protections as married heterosexual couples.
• 1999 – Macau is handed over to the People’s Republic of China by Portugal.
• 1999 – Hank Snow dies (b. 1914). Canadian singer.
• 1999 – Riccardo Freda dies (b. 1909). Italian film director.
• 2000 – Mirza Ghulam Hafiz dies (b. 1920). Indian statesman, politician, and philanthropist.
• 2001 – Foster Brooks dies (b. 1912). American actor and comedian.
• 2001 – Léopold Sédar Senghor dies at his home in Normandy aged (b. 1906). First President of Senegal and poet.
• 2001 – Argentine economic crisis (1999-2002): President of Argentina Fernando de la Rúa is forced out of office / A crise argentina atingiu o momento mais grave. O ministro da Economia, Domingo Cavallo, pediu demissão pois o Congresso retirou os poderes especiais que ele havia recebido. Os argentinos sentem a crise no país, com a renúncia também do presidente Fernando de La Rua. O presidente do Senado, Ramón Puerta, assume o governo provisoriamente.
• 2001 – Foster Brooks dies (b. 1912). American actor and comedian.
• 2001 – Léopold Sédar Senghor dies (b. 1906). First President of Senegal.
• 2002 – US Senator Trent Lott resigns as majority leader.
• 2004 – Ronaldinho, Brazilian football player, is declared by FIFA The best world footballer of 2004
• 2005 – Ronaldinho repeats the nomination from FIFA of the Best World footballer (2005)
• 2005 – 2005 New York City transit strike: New York City‘s Transport Workers Union Local 100 goes on strike, shutting down all New York City Subway and Bus services.
• 2005 – US District Court Judge John E. Jones III ruled against mandating teaching intelligent design in the Dover Area School District in his ruling of Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District.
• 2005 – Maniam Moorthy was born. Member of the first Malaysian team to summit Mount Everest.
• 2006 – A judge rules against the death penalty in the case of Naveed Haq, a man convicted in the shooting death and injuries at the Jewish Federation in Seattle.
• 2006 – Shi Yuejun dies executed. Chinese serial killer.
• R.C. Saints – Saint Dominic of Silos, O Clavis, Ursicinus of Saint-Ursanne