Rui Alves sobre Martins dos Santos Março 31, 2008

Rui Alves em entrevista à Antena 1 fez declarações muito polémicas sobre o Apito Dourado e com referência ao ex-árbitro Martins dos Santos disse «Penso que ele deve ser até religioso, este tipo de pessoas são religiosas…» … deve dar graças a Deus por ter só este processo … é um milagre «o que sei é a pouca vergonha que ele fazia nos estádios de futebol, se ele só vai por este, devia ir a Fátima».

O árbitro está indiciado no âmbito do caso do apito dourado por um jogo entre o Nacional e o Marítimo.

No próximo fim de semana o Nacional defronta precisamente o Marítimo…

Confira aqui as declarações do presidente do Nacional

Porto celeste – Afonso Celso

Andei em longas excursões distantes:
Vi palácios, sacrários, monumentos,
Fócos da indústria, artísticos portentos…
Praças soberbas, capitais gigantes.

Mas lia, em toda a parte, nos semblantes,
Dores… lutas… idênticos tormentos…
— Onde a pátria dos risos?!… Desalentos
Colhi apenas, mais cruéis que dantes.

Achei, enfim, num pequenino porto,
Crenças, consolações, calma, conforto,
Tudo que anima, enleva e maravilha:

Ninho de encantos que a inocência habita
Promontório do céu, plaga bendita.
É junto ao berço teu, ó minha filha.

Afonso Celso de Assis Figueiredo Jr. (n. em Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, a 31 Mar 1860, m. Rio de Janeiro a 11 Jul 1938)

On this day in History – Mar. 31

• 0250 – Constantius Chlorus was born (d. 0306). Roman Emperor.
• 0307 – After divorcing his wife Minerva, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Maximian.
• 1074 – Eleanor of Aquitaine dies (b. 1121). Queen of France and England.
• 1084 – Anti-pope Clement III crowned German emperor Henry IV.
• 1128 – Num diploma desta data, o nome de D. Afonso Henriques aparece à frente de Fernão Peres de Trava, pela primeira vez, demonstrando a tentativa de pacificação entre D. Teresa, Fernão Peres de Trava e a nobreza portucalense revoltada.
• 1146 – Bernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at Vézelay, urging the necessity of a Second Crusade. Louis VII is present, and joins the Crusade.
• 1204 – Eleanor of Aquitaine dies (b. 1121). Queen of France and England.
• 1340 – Ivan I of Russia dies (b. 1288). Prince of Moscow.
• 1360 – Philippa of Lancaster was born (d. 1415). Queen of Portugal.
• 1371 – É assinado o Tratado de Alcoutim entre D. Fernando e Henrique II de Castela, pelo qual se põe fim à guerra começada em 1369. D. Fernando abdicava das suas pretensões à coroa de Castela, obtendo em troca um alargamento do território de Portugal e o acordo para o seu casamento com a Infanta Dona Leonor, filha mais velha do rei de Castela.
• 1425 – Bianca Maria Visconti was born (d. 1468). Duchess of Milan.
• 1492 – Queen Isabella of Castille orders her 150,000 Jewish subjects to convert to Christianity or face expulsion.
• 1499 – Pope Pius IV was born (d. 1565).
• 1504 – Guru Angad Dev was born (d. 1552). Second Guru of the Sikhs.
• 1519 – King Henry II of France was born (d. 1559).
• 1521 – The first Roman Catholic mass in the Philippines was celebrated on the island of Limasawa.
• 1536 – Ashikaga Yoshiteru was born (d. 1565). Ashikaga shogun.
• 1547 – Francis I of France dies (b. 1494).
• 1567 – Philipp I of Hesse dies (b. 1504).
• 1576 – Louise Juliana of Nassau was born (d. 1644). Regent of Bohemia
• 1596 – René Descartes was born in La Haye (d. 11 Feb 1650). French mathematician and philosopher. (“I think, therefore I am”)
• 1621 – Philip III of Spain (Philip II of Portugal) dies (b. 1578)./ Morte de Filipe II de Portugal, (Filipe III de Catela) nascido em 1578, sucedendo-lhe Filipe III com 16 anos.
• 1621 – Andrew Marvell was born (d. 1678). English poet.
• 1631 – John Donne dies (b. 1572). English writer and prelate.
• 1651 – Karl II, Elector Palatine was born (d. 1685).
• 1667 – Assinatura do tratado de aliança entre D. Afonso VI e Luís XIV (França), contra Carlos II de Espanha.
• 1671 – Anne Hyde dies (b. 1637). Queen of James II of England.
• 1675 – Pope Benedict XIV was born (d. 1758).
• 1693 – John Harrisson was born (d. 1776). English horologist and inventer /Nasceu o inventor inglês John Harrison, responsável pelo cronómetro .
• 1703 – Portugal, Inglaterra e Holanda assinaram um tratado de aliança ofensiva e defensiva.
• 1703 – Johann Christoph Bach dies (b. 1642). German composer.
• 1711 – Ireland’s last trial for witchcraft was at Magee Island.
• 1717 – A sermon on “The Nature of the Kingdom of Christ” by Benjamin Hoadly, the Bishop of Bangor, provoked the Bangorian Controversy.
• 1718 – Marianne Victoria of Borbón was born (d. 1781). Queen regent of Portugal.
• 1723 – King Frederick V of Denmark was born (d. 1766).
• 1723 – Edward Hyde, 3rd Earl of Clarendon dies (b. 1661). British Governor of New York and New Jersey
• 1727 – Sir Isaac Newton dies (b. 1643). English mathematician and physicist.
• 1730 – Étienne Bézout was born (d. 1783). French mathematician.
• 1732 – Joseph Haydn was born in Rohrau (d. 31 May 1809 in Vienna). Austrian composer.
• 1741 – Pieter Burmann the Elder dies (b. 1668). Dutch classical scholar
• 1742 – P. D. Q. Bach was born (d. 1807). Fictitious composer.
• 1745 – Jews were expelled from Prague.
• 1774 – American Revolutionary War: The Kingdom of Great Britain orders the port of Boston, Massachusetts closed in the Boston Port Act.
• 1777 – Charles Cagniard de la Tour was born (d. 1859). French physicist.
• 1778 – Coenraad Jacob Temminck was born (d. 1858). Dutch zoologist.
• 1783 – Nikita Ivanovich Panin dies (b. 1718). Russian statesman.
• 1791 – Mozart aceita a encomenda anónima de um Requiem, enquanto última a composição da Flauta Mágica.
• 1794 – Thomas McKean Thompson McKennan was born (d. 1852). American politician.
• 1806 – Benito Juarez was born (d. 1872). Mexican statesman.
• 1809 – Edward FitzGerald was born (d. 1883). English poet.
• 1809 – Nikolai Gogol was born (d. 1852). Russian writer.
• 1811 – Robert Wilhelm Bunsen was born (d. 1899). German chemist, inventor: Bunsen burner.
• 1819 – Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst was born (d. 1901). Chancellor of Germany
• 1821 – É extinta a Inquisição em Portugal, por uma sessão das Cortes Gerais, Extraordinárias e Constituintes da Nação Portuguesa. Tinha sido instituída por meio da bula “Cum ad nihit magis”, de 23 de Maio de 1536.
• 1822 – The population of the Greek island of Chios is massacred by the Turks following a rebellion attempt, depicted by the French artist Eugène Delacroix.
• 1829 – Pius VIII was elected pope.
• 1837 – John Constable dies (b. 1776). English painter.
• 1839 – Las fuerzas gubernamentales del general y político argentino Juan Manuel de Rosas masacran a los sublevados del barón de Astrada, quien perece en la lucha.
• 1847 – Yegor Ivanovich Zolotarev was born (d. 1878). Russian mathematician.
• 1850 – John C. Calhoun dies (b. 182). 7th Vice President of the United States
• 1854 – Commodore Matthew Perry signs the Treaty of Kanagawa with the Japanese government, opening the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade.
• 1855 – Alfred E. Hunt was born (d. 1899). American metallurgist and industrialist best known for founding the company that would eventually become, the world’s largest producer and distributor of aluminum.
• 1855 – Charlotte Brontë dies (b. 1816). English author.
• 1860 – Afonso Celso was born in Ouro Preto (MG) (d. 11 Jul 1938). Brazilian poet and politician.
• 1864 – Manuel Murillo Toro is elected President of Colombia.
• 1866 – Spanish Navy bombs the harbour of Valparaíso, Chile .
• 1870 – Thomas Peterson Mundy of New Jersey becomes the first black man to cast a ballot after the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution gives blacks the right to vote.
• 1871 – Arthur Griffith was born (d. 1922). President of Ireland.
• 1872 – Alexandra Kollontai was born (d. 1952). Russian ambassador to Norway.
• 1872 – Serge Diaghilev was born (d. 1929). Russian ballet impresario (Ballets Russes)
• 1876 – Borisav “Bora” Stanković was born (d. 1927). Serbian writer.
• 1877 – The family with samurai antecedents who responded to the Saigo army in Ōita Nakatsu rebels.
• 1877 – Antoine Augustin Cournot dies (b. 1801). French mathematician.
• 1878 – La Asamblea Nacional de Ecuador promulga una Nueva Constitución bajo la presidencia de Ignacio Veintimilla.
• 1878 – Jack Johnson was born (d. 1946). African-American boxer.
• 1879 – Se establece por decreto en Venezuela el bolívar como moneda nacional.
• 1880 – Henryk Wieniawski dies (b. 1835). Polish composer .
• 1881 – Sigmund Freud received his MD degree from the University of Vienna. During his career as a medical student, Freud discovered that cocaine could be used as an analgesic.
• 1884 – Adriaan van Maanen was born (d. 1946). Dutch-American astronomer.
• 1885 – The United Kingdom establishes a protectorate over Bechuanaland.
• 1885 – Pascin was born (d. 1930). Bulgarian painter, The “Prince of Montparnasse”.
• 1885 – Franz Wilhelm Abt dies (b. 1819). German composer.
• 1889 – The Eiffel Tower built for the Paris World’s Fair is opened to public.
• 1890 – William Lawrence Bragg was born (d. 1971). English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 1891 – Victor Varconi was born (d. 19876). Hungarian film actor.
• 1893 – Clemens Krauss was born (d. 1954). Austrian conductor.
• 1900 – Richard Alexander Walter Windsor was born. Duke of Gloucester.
• 1903 – Richard Pearse reportedly flies a heavier-than-air machine in powered flight near Pleasant Point, South Canterbury, New Zealand; some claim 1902
• 1906 – The Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (later National Collegiate Athletic Association) is established to set rules for amateur sports in the United States.
• 1906 – Sin-Itiro Tomonaga ws born (d. 1979). Japanese physicist, Nobel laureate.
• 1907 – Eddie Quillan was born (d. 1990). American actor.
• 1908 – Red Norvo was born (d. 1999). American jazz vibraphonist.
• 1908 – Eugénio Salvador was born (d. 1992). Portuguese actor / Nascimento, em Lisboa, do grande actor português, Eugénio Salvador (m. 1992). [Aqui D’El Rei! (1992) (TV) . A Maluquinha de Arroios (1970) Bonança & C.a (1969) Passagem de Nível (1965) Aqui Há Fantasmas (1964) Parque das Ilusões, O (1963) Pupilas do Senhor Reitor, As (1961) Vidas Sem Rumo (1956) Comissário de Polícia, O (1953) Duas Causas (1953) Três da Vida Airada, Os (1952) Um Marido Solteiro (1952); Eram Duzentos Irmãos (1952); Madragoa (1952); Sonhar É Fácil (1951); Sol e Toiros (1949) ; Fado, História d’uma Cantadeira (1948); Cais do Sodré (1946) ;Maria Papoila (1937/I) Lisboa (1930)].
• 1909 – Serbia accepts Austrian control over Bosnia-Herzegovina.
• 1911 – Elisabeth Grümmer was born (d. 1986). Alsatian soprano.
• 1912 – Hermann Höcherl was born (d. 1989). German politician.
• 1912 – Karl May dies (b. 1842). Author.
• 1913 – John Pierpont Morgan dies (b. 1837). American financier and banker.
• 1914 – Octavio Paz was born (d. 1998). Mexican writer Nobel laureate and diplomat.
• 1915 – Albert Hourani was born (d. 1993). English historian.
• 1915 – Shoichi Yokoi was born (d. 1997). Japanese military man.
• 1915 – Wyndham Halswelle dies (b. 1882). British runner.
• 1915 – Sixto (Doroteo) Palavecino was born in Barrancas, Salavina. Argentine musician.
• 1916 – John H. Wood, Jr. was born (d. 1979). American federal judge.
• 1916 – Lucille Bliss was born. American voice actress.
• 1917 – Emil Adolf von Behring dies (b. 1854). German physician, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1901.
• 1917 – The United States takes possession of the U.S. Virgin Islands after paying $25 million to Denmark.
• 1918 – Daylight Savings Time goes into effect in the United States for the first time.
• 1919 – Frank Akins was born (d. 1993). American football player.
• 1922 – Richard Kiley was born (d. 1999). American actor and singer.
• 1924 – Leo Buscaglia was born (d. 1998). American author.
• 1924 – Charles Guggenheim was born (d. 2002). American film director/producer.
• 1925 – Jean Coutu was born (d. 1999). French Canadian actor.
• 1926 – John Fowles was born (d. 2005). English author.
• 1927 – Borisav “Bora” Stanković dies (b. 1875). Serbian writer.
• 1927 – César Chávez was born (d. 1993). American labor activist.
• 1927 – William Daniels was born. American actor.
• 1928 – Gordie Howe was born. Canadian ice hockey player.
• 1928 – Lefty Frizzell was born (d. 1975). American singer and songwriter.
• 1929 – Bertram Fields was born. American lawyer.
• 1929 – Lucille Bliss was born. American voice actress.
• 1929 – Liz Claiborne was born. Belgian fashion designer.
• 1930 – The Motion Pictures Production Code is instituted, imposing strict guidelines on the treatment of sex, crime, religion and violence in motion pictures for the next forty years .
• 1931 – An earthquake destroys Managua Nicaragua, killing 2,000.
• 1931 – Miller Barber was born. American golfer
• 1931 – Knute Rockne dies (b. 1888). American football coach.
• 1932 – Nagisa Oshima was born in Kyoto, Japan. Director, Writer, Editor, Actor, Director [ (TV) Kyoto, My Mother’s Place (1991); Max mon amour (1986); Merry Christmas Mr. Lawrence (1983) ; Ai no borei (1978) aka Empire of Passion (USA); Ai no corrida (1976) aka Bullfight of Love (Japan: literal English title).. aka Empire of the Senses; The Battle of Tsushima (1975) ; Natsu no imoto (1972)… aka Dear Summer Sister; Shonen (1969)… aka Boy (USA);Nihon shunka-kô (1967)… aka A Treatise on Japanese Bawdy Songs; Ai to kibo no machi (1959)… aka A Street of Love and Hope (literal English title) and many others.].
• 1933 – The Civilian Conservation Corps is established with the mission to relieve rampant unemployment.
• 1933 – El presidente de Uruguay, Gabriel Terra, da un golpe de Estado y disuelve el Parlamento.
• 1933 – Nichita Stănescu was born (d. 1983). Romanian poet.
• 1934 – Richard Chamberlain was born. American actor (Dr. Kildare)
• 1934 – John D. Loudermilk was born. American singer and songwriter
• 1934 – Shirley Jones was born. American singer and actress .
• 1934 – Carlo Rubbia was born. Italian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 1935 – Judith Rossner was born. American author.
• 1935 – Herb Alpert was born. American trumpeter an band leader.
• 1935 – Ruth Escobar was born. Brazilian actress, journalist and politician.
• 1936 – Bob Pulford was born. Canadian hockey player
• 1936 – Marge Piercy was born. American writer
• 1936 – Dokumamushi Sandayu was born. Japanese actor
• 1938 – Sheila Dikshit was born. Chief Minister of Delhi.
• 1938 – David Steel was born. Scottish politician.
• 1938 – Michiko Nomura was born. Japanese voice actor
• 1938 – Bill Hicke was born (d. 2005). Canadian ice hockey player.
• 1939 – Zviad Gamsakhurdia was born (d. 1993). Scientist and writer, first President of the Republic of Georgia.
• 1939 – Volker Schlöndorff was born. German film director .
• 1940 – Patrick Leahy was born. United States Senator from Vermont.
• 1940 – Barney Frank was born. U.S. Representative from Massachusetts
• 1941 – Cox v. New Hampshire : The Supreme Court unanimously upheld the convictions of Jehovah’s Witnesses for engaging in a public parade without a license.
• 1942 – In World War II, Japanese forces invade Christmas Island, then a British possession.
• 1942 – Holocaust in Ivano-Frankivsk (then called Stanislawow), western Ukraine. German Gestapo organise the first deportation of 5.000 Jews from Stanislawow ghetto to Belzec death camp. It was one of the biggest transports to Belzec in the first phase of the camp.
• 1942 – Michael Savage was born. American talk radio host and commentator
• 1942 – Ulla Hoffmann was born. Swedish politician.
• 1943 – Christopher Walken was born. American actor.
• 1944 – Japanese Navy Marshal Mineichi Koga dies in the performance of job in the Navy Second Incident.
• 1944 – Mick Ralphs was born. English guitarist (Mott the Hoople, Bad Company)
• 1944 – Pascal Danel was born. French singer and songwriter
• 1945 – Valerie Curtin was born. American actress, writer, and producer.
• 1945 – Gabe Kaplan was born. American actor and comedian.
• 1945 – Anne Frank dies (b. 1929). German-born diarist whose world-famous diary was published after WW II.
• 1945 – Hans Fischer dies in Munich (b. 27 Jul 1881). German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate in 1930.
• 1946 – The first election is held in Greece after World War II.
• 1946 – Gonzalo Márquez was born (d. 1984). Venezuelan Major League Baseball player.
• 1947 – Cesar Gaviria Trujillo was born. President of Colombia.
• 1947 – En Paraguay, las fuerzas rebeldes contra el Gobierno de Higinio Moriñigo son derrotadas en Piripuco.
• 1948 – Al Gore was born. Vice President of the United States and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
• 1948 – Rhea Perlman was born. American actress
• 1949 – Bethel Enproe Adam was born. Second Angam Baby .
• 1949 – The Dominion of Newfoundland joins Confederation and becomes the 10th Province of Canada/ Terranova ingresa en la Federación Canadiense, y se constituye en la décima provincia de Canadá.
• 1950 – Ed Marinaro was born. American football player and actor.
• 1950 – Andras Adorjan was born. Hungarian chess player,
• 1951 – The first commercial US made computer, UNIVAC I, was delivered to the United States Census Bureau.
• 1952 – Vanessa Del Rio was born. American porn actress.
• 1952 – Wallace H. White, Jr. dies (b. 1877). U.S. Senator from Maine.
• 1953 – Foram descobertos os “Manuscritos do Mar Morto” .
• 1954 – Edwin Armstrong dies (b. 1890). American electrical engineer and inventor.
• 1955 – Angus Young was born. Scottish-born musician (AC/DC).
• 1955 – Robert Vance was born. New Zealand cricketer.
• 1956 – Ralph DePalma dies (b. 1884). Italian-born race car driver.
• 1957 – Elections to the Territorial Assembly of the French colony Upper Volta. After the elections PDU and MDV form a government.
• 1957 – Marc McClure was born. American actor.
• 1957 – Alan Duncan was born. British politician
• 1959 – The 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, crosses the border into India and is granted political asylum.
• 1959 – Ali McMordie was born. Irish bassist (Stiff Little Fingers).
• 1963 – Paul Mercurio was born. Australian actor/dancer.
• 1964 – Golpe militar de 1964 no Brasil derruba o presidente João Goulart .
• 1964 – The Dictatorship in Brazil, under the aegis of general Castello Branco, begins.
• 1964 – Paul Wong Koon-Chung was born. Hong Kong musician (Beyond)
• 1965 – Iberia Airlines Convair 440, crashed into the sea on approach to Tangier killing 47 of 51 occupants.
• 1965 – Tom Barrasso was born. American ice hockey player.
• 1965 – Steven T. Seagle was born. American comic-book writer.
• 1966 – The Soviet Union launches Luna 10 which later becomes the first spaceprobe to enter orbit around the Moon.
• 1966 – Roger Black was born. British athlete.
• 1967 – Jimi Hendrix burns his guitar for the first time at London‘s Astoria Theatre. He is sent to the hospital afterwards for burns on his hands.
• 1968 – President Lyndon Johnson announces he will not run for re-election.
• 1968 – Naoya Ogawa was born. Japanese professional wrestler.
• 1968 – Grover Lowdermilk dies (b. 1885). American baseball player.
• 1969 – Steve Smith was born. American basketball player.
• 1969 – Nyamko Sabuni was born. Swedish politician.
• 1969 – Samantha Brown was born. American television host.
• 1970 – Explorer 1 re-enters the Earth‘s atmosphere (after 12 years in orbit).
• 1970 – Eight terrorists from the Japanese Red Army hijacked a Japan Airlines Boeing 727 at Tokyo International Airport, wielding samurai swords and carrying a bomb.
• 1971 – Ewan McGregor was born. Scottish actor .
• 1971 – Pavel Bure was born. Russian ice hockey player.
• 1972 – Alejandro Amenábar was born in Santiago. Chilean actor, writer and film director.
• 1972 – Hristos Polihroniou was born. Greek hammer thrower
• 1972 – Meena Kumari, dies (b. 1932). Indian actress.
• 1973 – Bold Forbes was born (d. 2000). Puerto Rican racehorse.
• 1974 – Stefan Olsdal was born. Bassist for Placebo (band)
• 1974 – Benjamin Eicher was born. Swiss film director
• 1976 – The New Jersey Supreme Court sets a precedent, ruling that coma patient Karen Anne Quinlan can be taken off life support so she can “die with dignity.”
• 1976 – Ashton Moore was born. American porn actress.
• 1976 – Josh Saviano was born. American actor (The Wonder Years).
• 1976 – Paul Strand dies (b. 1890). American photographer.
• 1977 – Garth Tander was born. Australian racing driver
• 1977 – Toshiya was born. Japanese musician (Dir en grey).
• 1978 – Tony Yayo was born. American rapper.
• 1978 – Stephen Clemence was born. English footballer.
• 1978 – Jérôme Rothen was born. French footballer
• 1978 – Fernando Horácio Ávalos was born. Argentinian footballer (Nacional Madeira, Portugal)
• 1978 – Charles Best dies (b. 1899). Canadian medical scientist.
• 1979 – The last British soldier leaves the Maltese Islands. Malta declares its Freedom Day (Jum il-Helsien).
• 1979 – In Jerusalem, Israel, Gali Atari & Milk and Honey win the twenth-fourth Eurovision Song Contest for Israel singing “Hallelujah”.
• 1979 – Josh Kinney was born. American baseball player.
• 1980 – The Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific railroad operate final train after ordered to be liquidated due to bankruptcy and debt owed to creditors.
• 1980 – Chien-Ming Wang was born. Taiwanese baseball player.
• 1980 – Maaya Sakamoto was born. Japanese voice actor.
• 1980 – Michael Ryder was born. Canadian ice hockey player
• 1980 – Jesse Owens dies in Phoenix, Arizona (b. 1913). American track-and-field legend.
• 1980 – Vladimír Holan dies (b. 1905). Czech poet.
• 1981 – Maarten van der Weijden was born. Dutch swimmer
• 1981 – Enid Bagnold dies (b. 1889). British author and playwright.
• 1982 – Lennon Murphy was born. American rock singer/songwriter and Suicide Girl
• 1982 – Tal Ben Haim was born. Israeli footballer.
• 1982 – Philippe Mexès was born. French footballer.
• 1983 – Paddy McCarthy was born. Irish footballer.
• 1983 – Vlasios Maras was born. Greek gymnast
• 1984 – El presidente de Honduras, Roberto Suazo Córdova, asume el mando temporal de las Fuerzas Armadas.
• 1984 – James Jones was born. American football player.
• 1984 – Ronald Clark O’Bryan dies executed (b. 1944). American murderer.
• 1985 – The first ever WrestleMania is held in New York City‘s Madison Square Garden.
• 1985 – Jeanine Deckers dies (b. 1933). Belgian nun and singer.
• 1986 – A Mexicana Boeing 727 enroute to Puerto Vallarta erupts in flames and crashes in the mountains northwest of Mexico City, killing 166 .
• 1986 – Six metropolitan county councils are abolished in England .
• 1986 – Paulo Machado was born in Porto. Portuguese footballer.
• 1986 – O’Kelly Isley, Jr. dies (b. 1937). American singer (The Isley Brothers)
• 1986 – Jerry Paris dies (b. 1925). American actor.
• 1987 – El Papa, Juan Pablo II, llega a Montevideo en su octava visita a Iberoamérica.
• 1987 – Georg Listing was born. German bassist (Tokio Hotel).
• 1988 – Hogan Ephraim was born. English footballer.
• 1988 – William McMahon dies (b. 1908). Twentieth Prime Minister of Australia.
• 1989 – Yaser Arafat es proclamado presidente de Palestina por decisión unánime de los 70 miembros del Comité Central de la OLP.
• 1990 – El político español José María Aznar es elegido presidente del Partido Popular.
• 1990 – 200,000 protestors took to the streets of London to show their displeasure at the newly introduced Poll Tax.
• 1990 – Boxer Julio César Chávez defeats Meldrick Taylor to unify the boxing‘s world junior welterweight title in a very controversial fight known as “Thunder Meets Lightning“.
• 1991 – The Warsaw Pact comes to an end.
• 1991 – British Telecom changes its name into ‘BT‘.
• 1991 – The Establishment of Islamic Constitutional Movement – Hadas in Kuwait.
• 1991 – Georgian independence referendum, 1991: nearly 99 per cent of the voters support the country’s independence from the Soviet Union.
• 1992 – Boris Yeltsin firma en Moscú el Tratado de la Federación con 18 repúblicas rusas.
• 1992 – The television news program Dateline NBC premieres.
• 1992 – A inflação no Brasil atinge um pico recorde de 84,3% no mês. Nos últimos 12 meses a inflação havia chegado a 4.854%
• 1992 – USS Missouri (BB-63), the last active US Navy Battleship, is decommissioned in Long Beach, California.
• 1993 – O Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas aprovam o uso de força militar na Jugoslávia.
• 1993 – Actor Brandon Lee (b. 1965) is accidentally killed during the filming of The Crow.
• 1993 – Mitchell Parish dies (b. 1900). American lyricist.
• 1994 – The journal Nature reports the finding in Ethiopia of the first complete Australopithecus afarensis skull (see Human evolution).
• 1994 – Caden Waidyatilleka was born. American actor
• 1995 – In Corpus Christi, Texas, Latin superstar Selena Quintanilla Perez is shot and killed by Yolanda Saldivar, the president of her own fan club.
• 1995 – Selena dies (b. 1971). American singer.
• 1996 – Valentino Rossi takes part in his first 125cc Motorcycle Grand Prix race, at Shah Alam, Malaysia.
• 1996 – Jeffrey Lee Pierce dies (b. 1958). American singer member of The Gun Club.
• 1998 – Netscape gives the code base of its browser under an open-source license agreement, thus creating Mozilla Foundation, a not-for-profit corporation to oversee the development of Mozilla.
• 1998 – Bella Abzug dies (b. 1920). American politician.
• 1998 – Tim Flock dies (b. 1924). American race car driver.
• 1999 – Yuri Knorosov dies (b. 1922). Russian linguist and epigrapher.
• 2000 – Cuffley v. Mickes : The Ku Klux Klan applied to participate in Missouri’s Adopt-A-Highway program, but were denied because of their beliefs. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Klan.
• 2001 – President Gordon B. Hinckley, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, announces the formation of the Perpetual Education Fund, an endowment to offer loans to students in developing nations.
• 2001 – Clifford Shull dies (b. 1915). American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 2002 – 331 Earthquake in Taiwan, which measured 7.1 and killed at least four people.
• 2002 – Barry Took dies (b. 1928). British comedian and writer.
• 2003 – Tommy Seebach dies (b. 1949). Danish singer.
• 2003 – Anne Gwynne dies (b. 1918). American film actress.
• 2003 – H.S.M. Coxeter dies (b. 1907). English-born geometer and author.
• 2003 – Michael Jeter dies. Actor.
• 2003 – Tommy Seebach dies (b. 1949). Danish singer.
• 2004 – Google announces Gmail, the first web-based mail service to offer 1 gigabyte of storage.
• 2004 – In Fallujah, Iraq, 4 American private military contractors working for Blackwater USA, are killed and their bodies mutilated after being ambushed.
• 2004 – Sandton Square in Johannesburg, South Africa, is renamed Nelson Mandela Square.
• 2005 – After 13 days without her feeding tube, Terri Schiavo dies in Florida. Terri Schiavo fell into a coma brought on buy her bulimia and the loss of blood flow to her brain caused it to die – her cerebral cortex was gone and spinal fluid was all that remains. Terri Schiavo’s husband, Michael, wanted the feeding tube removed and said that was what she would have wanted. All courts agreed, but Terri Schiavo’s parents fought it – and lost
• 2005 – Stanley J. Korsmeyer dies (b. 1951). American oncologist.
• 2005 – Frank Perdue dies (b. 1920). American poultry farmer.
• 2005 – Terri Schiavo dies (b. 1963). American figure in right to die case.
• 2006 – Giordani Rodrigues dies (b. 1965). Brazilian journalist.
• 2006 – Jackie McLean dies (b. 1931 or 1932). American jazz saxophonist.
• 2006 – Angela Devi dies (b. 1975). American adult model.
• 2007 – In Sydney, Australia 2.2 million people take part in the first Earth Hour.
• 2007 – Paul Watzlawick dies (b. 1921). Communications & Constructivism Theorist.
• Brasil: Dia da Integração Nacional
• Freedom Day in Malta
• New Jersey – Thomas Mundy Peterson Day
• Abdas of Susa
• César Chávez Day – official holiday in five states and many cities across the U.S.

On this day in History – Mar. 31

• 0250 – Constantius Chlorus was born (d. 0306). Roman Emperor.
• 0307 – After divorcing his wife Minerva, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Maximian.
• 1074 – Eleanor of Aquitaine dies (b. 1121). Queen of France and England.
• 1084 – Anti-pope Clement III crowned German emperor Henry IV.
• 1128 – Num diploma desta data, o nome de D. Afonso Henriques aparece à frente de Fernão Peres de Trava, pela primeira vez, demonstrando a tentativa de pacificação entre D. Teresa, Fernão Peres de Trava e a nobreza portucalense revoltada.
• 1146 – Bernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at Vézelay, urging the necessity of a Second Crusade. Louis VII is present, and joins the Crusade.
• 1204 – Eleanor of Aquitaine dies (b. 1121). Queen of France and England.
• 1340 – Ivan I of Russia dies (b. 1288). Prince of Moscow.
• 1360 – Philippa of Lancaster was born (d. 1415). Queen of Portugal.
• 1371 – É assinado o Tratado de Alcoutim entre D. Fernando e Henrique II de Castela, pelo qual se põe fim à guerra começada em 1369. D. Fernando abdicava das suas pretensões à coroa de Castela, obtendo em troca um alargamento do território de Portugal e o acordo para o seu casamento com a Infanta Dona Leonor, filha mais velha do rei de Castela.
• 1425 – Bianca Maria Visconti was born (d. 1468). Duchess of Milan.
• 1492 – Queen Isabella of Castille orders her 150,000 Jewish subjects to convert to Christianity or face expulsion.
• 1499 – Pope Pius IV was born (d. 1565).
• 1504 – Guru Angad Dev was born (d. 1552). Second Guru of the Sikhs.
• 1519 – King Henry II of France was born (d. 1559).
• 1521 – The first Roman Catholic mass in the Philippines was celebrated on the island of Limasawa.
• 1536 – Ashikaga Yoshiteru was born (d. 1565). Ashikaga shogun.
• 1547 – Francis I of France dies (b. 1494).
• 1567 – Philipp I of Hesse dies (b. 1504).
• 1576 – Louise Juliana of Nassau was born (d. 1644). Regent of Bohemia
• 1596 – René Descartes was born in La Haye (d. 11 Feb 1650). French mathematician and philosopher. (“I think, therefore I am”)
• 1621 – Philip III of Spain (Philip II of Portugal) dies (b. 1578)./ Morte de Filipe II de Portugal, (Filipe III de Catela) nascido em 1578, sucedendo-lhe Filipe III com 16 anos.
• 1621 – Andrew Marvell was born (d. 1678). English poet.
• 1631 – John Donne dies (b. 1572). English writer and prelate.
• 1651 – Karl II, Elector Palatine was born (d. 1685).
• 1667 – Assinatura do tratado de aliança entre D. Afonso VI e Luís XIV (França), contra Carlos II de Espanha.
• 1671 – Anne Hyde dies (b. 1637). Queen of James II of England.
• 1675 – Pope Benedict XIV was born (d. 1758).
• 1693 – John Harrisson was born (d. 1776). English horologist and inventer /Nasceu o inventor inglês John Harrison, responsável pelo cronómetro .
• 1703 – Portugal, Inglaterra e Holanda assinaram um tratado de aliança ofensiva e defensiva.
• 1703 – Johann Christoph Bach dies (b. 1642). German composer.
• 1711 – Ireland’s last trial for witchcraft was at Magee Island.
• 1717 – A sermon on “The Nature of the Kingdom of Christ” by Benjamin Hoadly, the Bishop of Bangor, provoked the Bangorian Controversy.
• 1718 – Marianne Victoria of Borbón was born (d. 1781). Queen regent of Portugal.
• 1723 – King Frederick V of Denmark was born (d. 1766).
• 1723 – Edward Hyde, 3rd Earl of Clarendon dies (b. 1661). British Governor of New York and New Jersey
• 1727 – Sir Isaac Newton dies (b. 1643). English mathematician and physicist.
• 1730 – Étienne Bézout was born (d. 1783). French mathematician.
• 1732 – Joseph Haydn was born in Rohrau (d. 31 May 1809 in Vienna). Austrian composer.
• 1741 – Pieter Burmann the Elder dies (b. 1668). Dutch classical scholar
• 1742 – P. D. Q. Bach was born (d. 1807). Fictitious composer.
• 1745 – Jews were expelled from Prague.
• 1774 – American Revolutionary War: The Kingdom of Great Britain orders the port of Boston, Massachusetts closed in the Boston Port Act.
• 1777 – Charles Cagniard de la Tour was born (d. 1859). French physicist.
• 1778 – Coenraad Jacob Temminck was born (d. 1858). Dutch zoologist.
• 1783 – Nikita Ivanovich Panin dies (b. 1718). Russian statesman.
• 1791 – Mozart aceita a encomenda anónima de um Requiem, enquanto última a composição da Flauta Mágica.
• 1794 – Thomas McKean Thompson McKennan was born (d. 1852). American politician.
• 1806 – Benito Juarez was born (d. 1872). Mexican statesman.
• 1809 – Edward FitzGerald was born (d. 1883). English poet.
• 1809 – Nikolai Gogol was born (d. 1852). Russian writer.
• 1811 – Robert Wilhelm Bunsen was born (d. 1899). German chemist, inventor: Bunsen burner.
• 1819 – Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst was born (d. 1901). Chancellor of Germany
• 1821 – É extinta a Inquisição em Portugal, por uma sessão das Cortes Gerais, Extraordinárias e Constituintes da Nação Portuguesa. Tinha sido instituída por meio da bula “Cum ad nihit magis”, de 23 de Maio de 1536.
• 1822 – The population of the Greek island of Chios is massacred by the Turks following a rebellion attempt, depicted by the French artist Eugène Delacroix.
• 1829 – Pius VIII was elected pope.
• 1837 – John Constable dies (b. 1776). English painter.
• 1839 – Las fuerzas gubernamentales del general y político argentino Juan Manuel de Rosas masacran a los sublevados del barón de Astrada, quien perece en la lucha.
• 1847 – Yegor Ivanovich Zolotarev was born (d. 1878). Russian mathematician.
• 1850 – John C. Calhoun dies (b. 182). 7th Vice President of the United States
• 1854 – Commodore Matthew Perry signs the Treaty of Kanagawa with the Japanese government, opening the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade.
• 1855 – Alfred E. Hunt was born (d. 1899). American metallurgist and industrialist best known for founding the company that would eventually become, the world’s largest producer and distributor of aluminum.
• 1855 – Charlotte Brontë dies (b. 1816). English author.
• 1860 – Afonso Celso was born in Ouro Preto (MG) (d. 11 Jul 1938). Brazilian poet and politician.
• 1864 – Manuel Murillo Toro is elected President of Colombia.
• 1866 – Spanish Navy bombs the harbour of Valparaíso, Chile .
• 1870 – Thomas Peterson Mundy of New Jersey becomes the first black man to cast a ballot after the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution gives blacks the right to vote.
• 1871 – Arthur Griffith was born (d. 1922). President of Ireland.
• 1872 – Alexandra Kollontai was born (d. 1952). Russian ambassador to Norway.
• 1872 – Serge Diaghilev was born (d. 1929). Russian ballet impresario (Ballets Russes)
• 1876 – Borisav “Bora” Stanković was born (d. 1927). Serbian writer.
• 1877 – The family with samurai antecedents who responded to the Saigo army in Ōita Nakatsu rebels.
• 1877 – Antoine Augustin Cournot dies (b. 1801). French mathematician.
• 1878 – La Asamblea Nacional de Ecuador promulga una Nueva Constitución bajo la presidencia de Ignacio Veintimilla.
• 1878 – Jack Johnson was born (d. 1946). African-American boxer.
• 1879 – Se establece por decreto en Venezuela el bolívar como moneda nacional.
• 1880 – Henryk Wieniawski dies (b. 1835). Polish composer .
• 1881 – Sigmund Freud received his MD degree from the University of Vienna. During his career as a medical student, Freud discovered that cocaine could be used as an analgesic.
• 1884 – Adriaan van Maanen was born (d. 1946). Dutch-American astronomer.
• 1885 – The United Kingdom establishes a protectorate over Bechuanaland.
• 1885 – Pascin was born (d. 1930). Bulgarian painter, The “Prince of Montparnasse”.
• 1885 – Franz Wilhelm Abt dies (b. 1819). German composer.
• 1889 – The Eiffel Tower built for the Paris World’s Fair is opened to public.
• 1890 – William Lawrence Bragg was born (d. 1971). English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 1891 – Victor Varconi was born (d. 19876). Hungarian film actor.
• 1893 – Clemens Krauss was born (d. 1954). Austrian conductor.
• 1900 – Richard Alexander Walter Windsor was born. Duke of Gloucester.
• 1903 – Richard Pearse reportedly flies a heavier-than-air machine in powered flight near Pleasant Point, South Canterbury, New Zealand; some claim 1902
• 1906 – The Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (later National Collegiate Athletic Association) is established to set rules for amateur sports in the United States.
• 1906 – Sin-Itiro Tomonaga ws born (d. 1979). Japanese physicist, Nobel laureate.
• 1907 – Eddie Quillan was born (d. 1990). American actor.
• 1908 – Red Norvo was born (d. 1999). American jazz vibraphonist.
• 1908 – Eugénio Salvador was born (d. 1992). Portuguese actor / Nascimento, em Lisboa, do grande actor português, Eugénio Salvador (m. 1992). [Aqui D’El Rei! (1992) (TV) . A Maluquinha de Arroios (1970) Bonança & C.a (1969) Passagem de Nível (1965) Aqui Há Fantasmas (1964) Parque das Ilusões, O (1963) Pupilas do Senhor Reitor, As (1961) Vidas Sem Rumo (1956) Comissário de Polícia, O (1953) Duas Causas (1953) Três da Vida Airada, Os (1952) Um Marido Solteiro (1952); Eram Duzentos Irmãos (1952); Madragoa (1952); Sonhar É Fácil (1951); Sol e Toiros (1949) ; Fado, História d’uma Cantadeira (1948); Cais do Sodré (1946) ;Maria Papoila (1937/I) Lisboa (1930)].
• 1909 – Serbia accepts Austrian control over Bosnia-Herzegovina.
• 1911 – Elisabeth Grümmer was born (d. 1986). Alsatian soprano.
• 1912 – Hermann Höcherl was born (d. 1989). German politician.
• 1912 – Karl May dies (b. 1842). Author.
• 1913 – John Pierpont Morgan dies (b. 1837). American financier and banker.
• 1914 – Octavio Paz was born (d. 1998). Mexican writer Nobel laureate and diplomat.
• 1915 – Albert Hourani was born (d. 1993). English historian.
• 1915 – Shoichi Yokoi was born (d. 1997). Japanese military man.
• 1915 – Wyndham Halswelle dies (b. 1882). British runner.
• 1915 – Sixto (Doroteo) Palavecino was born in Barrancas, Salavina. Argentine musician.
• 1916 – John H. Wood, Jr. was born (d. 1979). American federal judge.
• 1916 – Lucille Bliss was born. American voice actress.
• 1917 – Emil Adolf von Behring dies (b. 1854). German physician, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1901.
• 1917 – The United States takes possession of the U.S. Virgin Islands after paying $25 million to Denmark.
• 1918 – Daylight Savings Time goes into effect in the United States for the first time.
• 1919 – Frank Akins was born (d. 1993). American football player.
• 1922 – Richard Kiley was born (d. 1999). American actor and singer.
• 1924 – Leo Buscaglia was born (d. 1998). American author.
• 1924 – Charles Guggenheim was born (d. 2002). American film director/producer.
• 1925 – Jean Coutu was born (d. 1999). French Canadian actor.
• 1926 – John Fowles was born (d. 2005). English author.
• 1927 – Borisav “Bora” Stanković dies (b. 1875). Serbian writer.
• 1927 – César Chávez was born (d. 1993). American labor activist.
• 1927 – William Daniels was born. American actor.
• 1928 – Gordie Howe was born. Canadian ice hockey player.
• 1928 – Lefty Frizzell was born (d. 1975). American singer and songwriter.
• 1929 – Bertram Fields was born. American lawyer.
• 1929 – Lucille Bliss was born. American voice actress.
• 1929 – Liz Claiborne was born. Belgian fashion designer.
• 1930 – The Motion Pictures Production Code is instituted, imposing strict guidelines on the treatment of sex, crime, religion and violence in motion pictures for the next forty years .
• 1931 – An earthquake destroys Managua Nicaragua, killing 2,000.
• 1931 – Miller Barber was born. American golfer
• 1931 – Knute Rockne dies (b. 1888). American football coach.
• 1932 – Nagisa Oshima was born in Kyoto, Japan. Director, Writer, Editor, Actor, Director [ (TV) Kyoto, My Mother’s Place (1991); Max mon amour (1986); Merry Christmas Mr. Lawrence (1983) ; Ai no borei (1978) aka Empire of Passion (USA); Ai no corrida (1976) aka Bullfight of Love (Japan: literal English title).. aka Empire of the Senses; The Battle of Tsushima (1975) ; Natsu no imoto (1972)… aka Dear Summer Sister; Shonen (1969)… aka Boy (USA);Nihon shunka-kô (1967)… aka A Treatise on Japanese Bawdy Songs; Ai to kibo no machi (1959)… aka A Street of Love and Hope (literal English title) and many others.].
• 1933 – The Civilian Conservation Corps is established with the mission to relieve rampant unemployment.
• 1933 – El presidente de Uruguay, Gabriel Terra, da un golpe de Estado y disuelve el Parlamento.
• 1933 – Nichita Stănescu was born (d. 1983). Romanian poet.
• 1934 – Richard Chamberlain was born. American actor (Dr. Kildare)
• 1934 – John D. Loudermilk was born. American singer and songwriter
• 1934 – Shirley Jones was born. American singer and actress .
• 1934 – Carlo Rubbia was born. Italian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 1935 – Judith Rossner was born. American author.
• 1935 – Herb Alpert was born. American trumpeter an band leader.
• 1935 – Ruth Escobar was born. Brazilian actress, journalist and politician.
• 1936 – Bob Pulford was born. Canadian hockey player
• 1936 – Marge Piercy was born. American writer
• 1936 – Dokumamushi Sandayu was born. Japanese actor
• 1938 – Sheila Dikshit was born. Chief Minister of Delhi.
• 1938 – David Steel was born. Scottish politician.
• 1938 – Michiko Nomura was born. Japanese voice actor
• 1938 – Bill Hicke was born (d. 2005). Canadian ice hockey player.
• 1939 – Zviad Gamsakhurdia was born (d. 1993). Scientist and writer, first President of the Republic of Georgia.
• 1939 – Volker Schlöndorff was born. German film director .
• 1940 – Patrick Leahy was born. United States Senator from Vermont.
• 1940 – Barney Frank was born. U.S. Representative from Massachusetts
• 1941 – Cox v. New Hampshire : The Supreme Court unanimously upheld the convictions of Jehovah’s Witnesses for engaging in a public parade without a license.
• 1942 – In World War II, Japanese forces invade Christmas Island, then a British possession.
• 1942 – Holocaust in Ivano-Frankivsk (then called Stanislawow), western Ukraine. German Gestapo organise the first deportation of 5.000 Jews from Stanislawow ghetto to Belzec death camp. It was one of the biggest transports to Belzec in the first phase of the camp.
• 1942 – Michael Savage was born. American talk radio host and commentator
• 1942 – Ulla Hoffmann was born. Swedish politician.
• 1943 – Christopher Walken was born. American actor.
• 1944 – Japanese Navy Marshal Mineichi Koga dies in the performance of job in the Navy Second Incident.
• 1944 – Mick Ralphs was born. English guitarist (Mott the Hoople, Bad Company)
• 1944 – Pascal Danel was born. French singer and songwriter
• 1945 – Valerie Curtin was born. American actress, writer, and producer.
• 1945 – Gabe Kaplan was born. American actor and comedian.
• 1945 – Anne Frank dies (b. 1929). German-born diarist whose world-famous diary was published after WW II.
• 1945 – Hans Fischer dies in Munich (b. 27 Jul 1881). German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate in 1930.
• 1946 – The first election is held in Greece after World War II.
• 1946 – Gonzalo Márquez was born (d. 1984). Venezuelan Major League Baseball player.
• 1947 – Cesar Gaviria Trujillo was born. President of Colombia.
• 1947 – En Paraguay, las fuerzas rebeldes contra el Gobierno de Higinio Moriñigo son derrotadas en Piripuco.
• 1948 – Al Gore was born. Vice President of the United States and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
• 1948 – Rhea Perlman was born. American actress
• 1949 – Bethel Enproe Adam was born. Second Angam Baby .
• 1949 – The Dominion of Newfoundland joins Confederation and becomes the 10th Province of Canada/ Terranova ingresa en la Federación Canadiense, y se constituye en la décima provincia de Canadá.
• 1950 – Ed Marinaro was born. American football player and actor.
• 1950 – Andras Adorjan was born. Hungarian chess player,
• 1951 – The first commercial US made computer, UNIVAC I, was delivered to the United States Census Bureau.
• 1952 – Vanessa Del Rio was born. American porn actress.
• 1952 – Wallace H. White, Jr. dies (b. 1877). U.S. Senator from Maine.
• 1953 – Foram descobertos os “Manuscritos do Mar Morto” .
• 1954 – Edwin Armstrong dies (b. 1890). American electrical engineer and inventor.
• 1955 – Angus Young was born. Scottish-born musician (AC/DC).
• 1955 – Robert Vance was born. New Zealand cricketer.
• 1956 – Ralph DePalma dies (b. 1884). Italian-born race car driver.
• 1957 – Elections to the Territorial Assembly of the French colony Upper Volta. After the elections PDU and MDV form a government.
• 1957 – Marc McClure was born. American actor.
• 1957 – Alan Duncan was born. British politician
• 1959 – The 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, crosses the border into India and is granted political asylum.
• 1959 – Ali McMordie was born. Irish bassist (Stiff Little Fingers).
• 1963 – Paul Mercurio was born. Australian actor/dancer.
• 1964 – Golpe militar de 1964 no Brasil derruba o presidente João Goulart .
• 1964 – The Dictatorship in Brazil, under the aegis of general Castello Branco, begins.
• 1964 – Paul Wong Koon-Chung was born. Hong Kong musician (Beyond)
• 1965 – Iberia Airlines Convair 440, crashed into the sea on approach to Tangier killing 47 of 51 occupants.
• 1965 – Tom Barrasso was born. American ice hockey player.
• 1965 – Steven T. Seagle was born. American comic-book writer.
• 1966 – The Soviet Union launches Luna 10 which later becomes the first spaceprobe to enter orbit around the Moon.
• 1966 – Roger Black was born. British athlete.
• 1967 – Jimi Hendrix burns his guitar for the first time at London‘s Astoria Theatre. He is sent to the hospital afterwards for burns on his hands.
• 1968 – President Lyndon Johnson announces he will not run for re-election.
• 1968 – Naoya Ogawa was born. Japanese professional wrestler.
• 1968 – Grover Lowdermilk dies (b. 1885). American baseball player.
• 1969 – Steve Smith was born. American basketball player.
• 1969 – Nyamko Sabuni was born. Swedish politician.
• 1969 – Samantha Brown was born. American television host.
• 1970 – Explorer 1 re-enters the Earth‘s atmosphere (after 12 years in orbit).
• 1970 – Eight terrorists from the Japanese Red Army hijacked a Japan Airlines Boeing 727 at Tokyo International Airport, wielding samurai swords and carrying a bomb.
• 1971 – Ewan McGregor was born. Scottish actor .
• 1971 – Pavel Bure was born. Russian ice hockey player.
• 1972 – Alejandro Amenábar was born in Santiago. Chilean actor, writer and film director.
• 1972 – Hristos Polihroniou was born. Greek hammer thrower
• 1972 – Meena Kumari, dies (b. 1932). Indian actress.
• 1973 – Bold Forbes was born (d. 2000). Puerto Rican racehorse.
• 1974 – Stefan Olsdal was born. Bassist for Placebo (band)
• 1974 – Benjamin Eicher was born. Swiss film director
• 1976 – The New Jersey Supreme Court sets a precedent, ruling that coma patient Karen Anne Quinlan can be taken off life support so she can “die with dignity.”
• 1976 – Ashton Moore was born. American porn actress.
• 1976 – Josh Saviano was born. American actor (The Wonder Years).
• 1976 – Paul Strand dies (b. 1890). American photographer.
• 1977 – Garth Tander was born. Australian racing driver
• 1977 – Toshiya was born. Japanese musician (Dir en grey).
• 1978 – Tony Yayo was born. American rapper.
• 1978 – Stephen Clemence was born. English footballer.
• 1978 – Jérôme Rothen was born. French footballer
• 1978 – Fernando Horácio Ávalos was born. Argentinian footballer (Nacional Madeira, Portugal)
• 1978 – Charles Best dies (b. 1899). Canadian medical scientist.
• 1979 – The last British soldier leaves the Maltese Islands. Malta declares its Freedom Day (Jum il-Helsien).
• 1979 – In Jerusalem, Israel, Gali Atari & Milk and Honey win the twenth-fourth Eurovision Song Contest for Israel singing “Hallelujah”.
• 1979 – Josh Kinney was born. American baseball player.
• 1980 – The Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific railroad operate final train after ordered to be liquidated due to bankruptcy and debt owed to creditors.
• 1980 – Chien-Ming Wang was born. Taiwanese baseball player.
• 1980 – Maaya Sakamoto was born. Japanese voice actor.
• 1980 – Michael Ryder was born. Canadian ice hockey player
• 1980 – Jesse Owens dies in Phoenix, Arizona (b. 1913). American track-and-field legend.
• 1980 – Vladimír Holan dies (b. 1905). Czech poet.
• 1981 – Maarten van der Weijden was born. Dutch swimmer
• 1981 – Enid Bagnold dies (b. 1889). British author and playwright.
• 1982 – Lennon Murphy was born. American rock singer/songwriter and Suicide Girl
• 1982 – Tal Ben Haim was born. Israeli footballer.
• 1982 – Philippe Mexès was born. French footballer.
• 1983 – Paddy McCarthy was born. Irish footballer.
• 1983 – Vlasios Maras was born. Greek gymnast
• 1984 – El presidente de Honduras, Roberto Suazo Córdova, asume el mando temporal de las Fuerzas Armadas.
• 1984 – James Jones was born. American football player.
• 1984 – Ronald Clark O’Bryan dies executed (b. 1944). American murderer.
• 1985 – The first ever WrestleMania is held in New York City‘s Madison Square Garden.
• 1985 – Jeanine Deckers dies (b. 1933). Belgian nun and singer.
• 1986 – A Mexicana Boeing 727 enroute to Puerto Vallarta erupts in flames and crashes in the mountains northwest of Mexico City, killing 166 .
• 1986 – Six metropolitan county councils are abolished in England .
• 1986 – Paulo Machado was born in Porto. Portuguese footballer.
• 1986 – O’Kelly Isley, Jr. dies (b. 1937). American singer (The Isley Brothers)
• 1986 – Jerry Paris dies (b. 1925). American actor.
• 1987 – El Papa, Juan Pablo II, llega a Montevideo en su octava visita a Iberoamérica.
• 1987 – Georg Listing was born. German bassist (Tokio Hotel).
• 1988 – Hogan Ephraim was born. English footballer.
• 1988 – William McMahon dies (b. 1908). Twentieth Prime Minister of Australia.
• 1989 – Yaser Arafat es proclamado presidente de Palestina por decisión unánime de los 70 miembros del Comité Central de la OLP.
• 1990 – El político español José María Aznar es elegido presidente del Partido Popular.
• 1990 – 200,000 protestors took to the streets of London to show their displeasure at the newly introduced Poll Tax.
• 1990 – Boxer Julio César Chávez defeats Meldrick Taylor to unify the boxing‘s world junior welterweight title in a very controversial fight known as “Thunder Meets Lightning“.
• 1991 – The Warsaw Pact comes to an end.
• 1991 – British Telecom changes its name into ‘BT‘.
• 1991 – The Establishment of Islamic Constitutional Movement – Hadas in Kuwait.
• 1991 – Georgian independence referendum, 1991: nearly 99 per cent of the voters support the country’s independence from the Soviet Union.
• 1992 – Boris Yeltsin firma en Moscú el Tratado de la Federación con 18 repúblicas rusas.
• 1992 – The television news program Dateline NBC premieres.
• 1992 – A inflação no Brasil atinge um pico recorde de 84,3% no mês. Nos últimos 12 meses a inflação havia chegado a 4.854%
• 1992 – USS Missouri (BB-63), the last active US Navy Battleship, is decommissioned in Long Beach, California.
• 1993 – O Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas aprovam o uso de força militar na Jugoslávia.
• 1993 – Actor Brandon Lee (b. 1965) is accidentally killed during the filming of The Crow.
• 1993 – Mitchell Parish dies (b. 1900). American lyricist.
• 1994 – The journal Nature reports the finding in Ethiopia of the first complete Australopithecus afarensis skull (see Human evolution).
• 1994 – Caden Waidyatilleka was born. American actor
• 1995 – In Corpus Christi, Texas, Latin superstar Selena Quintanilla Perez is shot and killed by Yolanda Saldivar, the president of her own fan club.
• 1995 – Selena dies (b. 1971). American singer.
• 1996 – Valentino Rossi takes part in his first 125cc Motorcycle Grand Prix race, at Shah Alam, Malaysia.
• 1996 – Jeffrey Lee Pierce dies (b. 1958). American singer member of The Gun Club.
• 1998 – Netscape gives the code base of its browser under an open-source license agreement, thus creating Mozilla Foundation, a not-for-profit corporation to oversee the development of Mozilla.
• 1998 – Bella Abzug dies (b. 1920). American politician.
• 1998 – Tim Flock dies (b. 1924). American race car driver.
• 1999 – Yuri Knorosov dies (b. 1922). Russian linguist and epigrapher.
• 2000 – Cuffley v. Mickes : The Ku Klux Klan applied to participate in Missouri’s Adopt-A-Highway program, but were denied because of their beliefs. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Klan.
• 2001 – President Gordon B. Hinckley, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, announces the formation of the Perpetual Education Fund, an endowment to offer loans to students in developing nations.
• 2001 – Clifford Shull dies (b. 1915). American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 2002 – 331 Earthquake in Taiwan, which measured 7.1 and killed at least four people.
• 2002 – Barry Took dies (b. 1928). British comedian and writer.
• 2003 – Tommy Seebach dies (b. 1949). Danish singer.
• 2003 – Anne Gwynne dies (b. 1918). American film actress.
• 2003 – H.S.M. Coxeter dies (b. 1907). English-born geometer and author.
• 2003 – Michael Jeter dies. Actor.
• 2003 – Tommy Seebach dies (b. 1949). Danish singer.
• 2004 – Google announces Gmail, the first web-based mail service to offer 1 gigabyte of storage.
• 2004 – In Fallujah, Iraq, 4 American private military contractors working for Blackwater USA, are killed and their bodies mutilated after being ambushed.
• 2004 – Sandton Square in Johannesburg, South Africa, is renamed Nelson Mandela Square.
• 2005 – After 13 days without her feeding tube, Terri Schiavo dies in Florida. Terri Schiavo fell into a coma brought on buy her bulimia and the loss of blood flow to her brain caused it to die – her cerebral cortex was gone and spinal fluid was all that remains. Terri Schiavo’s husband, Michael, wanted the feeding tube removed and said that was what she would have wanted. All courts agreed, but Terri Schiavo’s parents fought it – and lost
• 2005 – Stanley J. Korsmeyer dies (b. 1951). American oncologist.
• 2005 – Frank Perdue dies (b. 1920). American poultry farmer.
• 2005 – Terri Schiavo dies (b. 1963). American figure in right to die case.
• 2006 – Giordani Rodrigues dies (b. 1965). Brazilian journalist.
• 2006 – Jackie McLean dies (b. 1931 or 1932). American jazz saxophonist.
• 2006 – Angela Devi dies (b. 1975). American adult model.
• 2007 – In Sydney, Australia 2.2 million people take part in the first Earth Hour.
• 2007 – Paul Watzlawick dies (b. 1921). Communications & Constructivism Theorist.
• Brasil: Dia da Integração Nacional
• Freedom Day in Malta
• New Jersey – Thomas Mundy Peterson Day
• Abdas of Susa
• César Chávez Day – official holiday in five states and many cities across the U.S.

Liga Bwin – 24ª Jornada: resultados, classificação e comentários Março 30, 2008

Resultados da 24ª. Jornada
28 Mar. 20:30	Vitória de Guimarães	1-0	Marítimo
29 Mar. 19:15	Estrela da Amadora	3-1	Académica
30 Mar. 16:00	Nacional	2-0	União de Leiria
30 Mar. 17:00	Braga	0-0	Leixões
30 Mar. 19:00	Belenenses	1-2	FC Porto
30 Mar. 19:15	Naval 1º. de Maio	1-4	Sporting
30 Mar. 21:15	Benfica	4-1	Paços de Ferreira
31 Mar. 19:45	Vitória de Setúbal	–	Boavista

Classificação

Lugar	Clube	Pontos	Golos
1.	Porto	60	43-9
2.	Benfica	44	40-16
2.	Vitória de Guimarães	44	27-23
4.	Sporting	40	32-21
5.	Vitória de Setúbal (*)	37	31-22
6.	Braga	34	27-25
7.	Belenenses	33	25-26
8.	Nacional	32	18-19
9.	Marítimo	31	27-25
9.	Boavista (*)	31	29-34
11.	Estrela da Amadora	28	29-29
12.	Naval 1º. de Maio	23	18-39
12.	Académica	23	23-35
14.	Leixões	21	23-29
15.	Paços de Ferreira	19	23-40
16.	União de Leiria	9	18-44

(*) Equipas que têm menos um jogo defrontam-se amanhã em Setúbal para completar a Jornada 24

Comentários: Os quatro primeiros ganharam e dos cinco últimos só o Leixões não perdeu, empatando, pelo que com referência às grandes decisões está tudo na mesma.

O Porto até esteve a perder no Restelo com o Belenenses a fazer uma boa primeira parte e a marcar por Weldon, mas os portistas viraram o resultado na segunda parte, empatando por Lisandro e ganhando quando a quinze segundos do fim do tempo de desconto um penalty assinalado por Lucílio Baptista deu a Lucho o golo da vitória. Na próxima jornada vencendo o Estrela da Amadora já pode comemorar o tri-campeonato.

No primeiro jogo da jornada na sexta-feira o Guimarães reforçou a candidatura à Liga dos Campeões ao derrotar o Marítimo com um golo também quase no final pelo substituto Roberto (a três minutos do fim).

O Sporting tal como o Porto começou por estar a perder (golo de Marcelinho aos 11′) mas a equipa da Naval com uma defesa muito permeável, ao intervalo já perdia por 3-1. Miguel Veloso (de livre directo), Liedson (2) e Yanick Djaló fizeram os golos leoninos.

O Nacional venceu hoje à tarde a União de Leiria por 2-0 e beneficiando da derrota do Marítimo e do facto de o Boavista só jogar amanhã, subiu ao 8º. lugar. O Estrela da Amadora derrotou em casa a Académica por 3-1 e tem a permanência praticamente assegurada, isto porque dos cinco últimos só o Leixões capitalizou um pontinho em Braga, sendo o maior coleccionador de empates do campeonato – 13 em 22 jogos!

Há poucos minutos terminou o Benfica-Paços de Ferreira com o Benfica a reapoderar-se do segundo lugar depois de um triunfo mais difícil do que os números espelham (4-1), apesar da equipa ter jogado melhor do que ultimamente vem fazendo. Ao intervalo o resultado era de 1-1 com boa oposição pacense e de mais alguém (vidé crónica do jogo em separado).

Na próxima jornada o Porto como se disse pode-se sagrar campeão e na luta pelo segundo lugar o Benfica vai ao Bessa e o Guimarães vai a Paços de Ferreira num jogo electrizante e de grande importancia para ambos. O Sporting recebe o Braga depois de a meio da semana (4ª. feira) ter de jogar a primeira-mão dos Quartos de Final da Taça Uefa contra o Rangers.

Há ainda o derby regional madeirense.

Próxima Jornada – 25ª.
4 Abr . 20:30	Paços de Ferreira	–	Vitória de Guimarães
5 Abr. 18:45	Académica	–	Vitória de Setúbal
5 Abr. 20:45	FC Porto	–	Estrela da Amadora
6 Abr. 16:00	Marítimo	–	Nacional
6 Abr. 16:00	União de Leiria	–	Naval 1º. de Maio
6 Abr. 18:30	Sporting	–	Sp. de Braga
6 Abr. 20:45	Boavista	–	Benfica
7 Abr. 19:45	Leixões	–	Belenenses

Benfica regressou às vitórias mas para além do Paços houve complicações adicionais…

Benfica

4-1

Paços de Ferreira

Trocas de penalties… complicaram a vida do Benfica

O Benfia regressou ao segundo lugar em igualdade de pontos com o Vitória de Guimarães mas teve de sofrer o que o resultado final não demonstra.

O Benfica até jogou bem na primeira parte e chegou à vantagem com um soberbo golo de Cristian Rodriguez,que tendo ganho a bola à saída do meio campo encarnado, saiu em velocidade e ainda na intermediária de pé esquerdo aí vai bomba com a bola a só parar no fundo da baliza. Estava-se a meio do primeiro tempo e pensava-se que a equipa tranquilizaria. A verdade é que já perto dfo itervalo o jogo sofre um «golpe de teatro». Primeiro há um cruzamento da esquerda de Léo com um jogador pacense (Mangualde) a desviar a bola com o braço e Elmano Santos a não marcar o penalty e no minuto seguinte num ataque do Paços de Ferreira a bola vai a sair da área encarnada com Cristiano a correr à frente de Nélson e o avançado pacense a cair com o árbitro a marcar penalty. A verdade é que a queda é promovida pelo jogador visitante e a confusão foi grande com os protestos encarnados a serem premiados com dois amarelos. Wesley fez o empate e as equipas foram empatadas para o intervalo.

Na segunda parte o Benfica apareceu menos tranquilo e o Paços de Ferreira num contra-ataque até ameaçou o 1-2. Os pacenses, porém, cediam cantos e mais cantos e foram-se aglomerando na defesa e foi até foi o excesso de jogadores na área que deu o 2-1 ao Benfica. Pois é verdade, Léo (que fez um grande jogo) pela esquerda fez o passe para Cardozo e o remate deste foi desviado no corpo de Mangualde e traíu Peçanha.

A partir do 2-1 o Paços de Ferreira já não demonstrou capacidade de reacção tanto mais que o 3-1 só demorou seis minutos a aparecer num livre directo de Rui Costa que na véspera fez 36 anos. Marcou ainda de novo Rui Costa de cabeça, num golo com culpas para Peçanha, após cruzamento da esquerda de Cristian Rodrigues.

Foi um jogo em que três jogadores estiveram em evidencia: Léo ( o melhor em campo), Cristian Rodriguez (um golo e uma assistencia) e Rui Costa (dois golos). Na próxima época podem estar fora da equipa: o último por abandonar o futebol como jogador, os dois primeiros porque tarda a renovação.

Da arbitragem bastariam os dois lances já referidos para dar nota negativa, mas outros erros mais foram cometidos.

Estádio da Luz, em Lisboa
Árbitro: Elmano Santos ((AF Madeira)

BENFICA – Quim; Nélson, Edcarlos, Katsouranis e Léo; Petit; Maxi Pereira (Di Maria, 59 m), Rui Costa e Cristian Rodriguez; Nuno Gomes (Mantorras, 79 m) e Cardozo (Binya, 86 m).

PAÇOS DE FERREIRA – Peçanha; Mangualde, Rovérsio, Kiko e Chico Silva; Filipe Anunciação, Paulo Sousa e Pedrinha; William (Renato Queirós, 81 m), Wesley (Ricardinho, 71 m) e Cristiano (Edson, 61 m).

Golos: 1-0 Cristian Rodriguez (23 m); 1-1 Wesley (42 m, de grande penalidade); 2-1 Cardozo (68 m); 3-1 Rui Costa (74 m); 4-1, Rui Costa (84 m).

Cartão amarelo a Edcarlos, William, Wesley, Rui Costa, Nuno Gomes, Filipe Anunciação e Mangualde.

Benfica regressou às vitórias mas para além do Paços houve complicações adicionais…

Benfica

4-1

Paços de Ferreira

Trocas de penalties… complicaram a vida do Benfica

O Benfia regressou ao segundo lugar em igualdade de pontos com o Vitória de Guimarães mas teve de sofrer o que o resultado final não demonstra.

O Benfica até jogou bem na primeira parte e chegou à vantagem com um soberbo golo de Cristian Rodriguez,que tendo ganho a bola à saída do meio campo encarnado, saiu em velocidade e ainda na intermediária de pé esquerdo aí vai bomba com a bola a só parar no fundo da baliza. Estava-se a meio do primeiro tempo e pensava-se que a equipa tranquilizaria. A verdade é que já perto dfo itervalo o jogo sofre um «golpe de teatro». Primeiro há um cruzamento da esquerda de Léo com um jogador pacense (Mangualde) a desviar a bola com o braço e Elmano Santos a não marcar o penalty e no minuto seguinte num ataque do Paços de Ferreira a bola vai a sair da área encarnada com Cristiano a correr à frente de Nélson e o avançado pacense a cair com o árbitro a marcar penalty. A verdade é que a queda é promovida pelo jogador visitante e a confusão foi grande com os protestos encarnados a serem premiados com dois amarelos. Wesley fez o empate e as equipas foram empatadas para o intervalo.

Na segunda parte o Benfica apareceu menos tranquilo e o Paços de Ferreira num contra-ataque até ameaçou o 1-2. Os pacenses, porém, cediam cantos e mais cantos e foram-se aglomerando na defesa e foi até foi o excesso de jogadores na área que deu o 2-1 ao Benfica. Pois é verdade, Léo (que fez um grande jogo) pela esquerda fez o passe para Cardozo e o remate deste foi desviado no corpo de Mangualde e traíu Peçanha.

A partir do 2-1 o Paços de Ferreira já não demonstrou capacidade de reacção tanto mais que o 3-1 só demorou seis minutos a aparecer num livre directo de Rui Costa que na véspera fez 36 anos. Marcou ainda de novo Rui Costa de cabeça, num golo com culpas para Peçanha, após cruzamento da esquerda de Cristian Rodrigues.

Foi um jogo em que três jogadores estiveram em evidencia: Léo ( o melhor em campo), Cristian Rodriguez (um golo e uma assistencia) e Rui Costa (dois golos). Na próxima época podem estar fora da equipa: o último por abandonar o futebol como jogador, os dois primeiros porque tarda a renovação.

Da arbitragem bastariam os dois lances já referidos para dar nota negativa, mas outros erros mais foram cometidos.

Estádio da Luz, em Lisboa
Árbitro: Elmano Santos ((AF Madeira)

BENFICA – Quim; Nélson, Edcarlos, Katsouranis e Léo; Petit; Maxi Pereira (Di Maria, 59 m), Rui Costa e Cristian Rodriguez; Nuno Gomes (Mantorras, 79 m) e Cardozo (Binya, 86 m).

PAÇOS DE FERREIRA – Peçanha; Mangualde, Rovérsio, Kiko e Chico Silva; Filipe Anunciação, Paulo Sousa e Pedrinha; William (Renato Queirós, 81 m), Wesley (Ricardinho, 71 m) e Cristiano (Edson, 61 m).

Golos: 1-0 Cristian Rodriguez (23 m); 1-1 Wesley (42 m, de grande penalidade); 2-1 Cardozo (68 m); 3-1 Rui Costa (74 m); 4-1, Rui Costa (84 m).

Cartão amarelo a Edcarlos, William, Wesley, Rui Costa, Nuno Gomes, Filipe Anunciação e Mangualde.

Benfica regressou às vitórias mas para além do Paços houve complicações adicionais…

Benfica

4-1

Paços de Ferreira

Trocas de penalties… complicaram a vida do Benfica

O Benfica regressou ao segundo lugar em igualdade de pontos com o Vitória de Guimarães mas teve de sofrer o que o resultado final não demonstra.

Benfica até jogou bem na primeira parte e chegou à vantagem com um soberbo golo de Cristian Rodriguez,que tendo ganho a bola à saída do meio campo encarnado, saiu em velocidade e ainda na intermediária de pé esquerdo aí vai bomba com a bola a só parar no fundo da baliza. Estava-se a meio do primeiro tempo e pensava-se que a equipa tranquilizaria. A verdade é que já perto dfo itervalo o jogo sofre um «golpe de teatro». Primeiro há um cruzamento da esquerda de Léo com um jogador pacense (Mangualde) a desviar a bola com o braço e Elmano Santos a não marcar o penalty e no minuto seguinte num ataque do Paços de Ferreira a bola vai a sair da área encarnada com Cristiano a correr à frente de Nélson e o avançado pacense a cair com o árbitro a marcar penalty. A verdade é que a queda é promovida pelo jogador visitante e a confusão foi grande com os protestos encarnados a serem premiados com dois amarelos. Wesley fez o empate e as equipas foram empatadas para o intervalo.

Na segunda parte o Benfica apareceu menos tranquilo e o Paços de Ferreira num contra-ataque até ameaçou o 1-2. Os pacenses, porém, cediam cantos e mais cantos e foram-se aglomerando na defesa e foi até foi o excesso de jogadores na área que deu o 2-1 ao Benfica. Pois é verdade, Léo (que fez um grande jogo) pela esquerda fez o passe para Cardozo e o remate deste foi desviado no corpo de Mangualde e traíu Peçanha.

A partir do 2-1 o Paços de Ferreira já não demonstrou capacidade de reacção tanto mais que o 3-1 só demorou seis minutos a aparecer num livre directo de Rui Costa que na véspera fez 36 anos. Marcou ainda de novo Rui Costa de cabeça, num golo com culpas para Peçanha, após cruzamento da esquerda de Cristian Rodrigues.

Foi um jogo em que três jogadores estiveram em evidencia: Léo ( o melhor em campo), Cristian Rodriguez (um golo e uma assistencia) e Rui Costa (dois golos). Na próxima época podem estar fora da equipa: o último por abandonar o futebol como jogador, os dois primeiros porque tarda a renovação.

Da arbitragem bastariam os dois lances já referidos para dar nota negativa, mas outros erros mais foram cometidos.

Estádio da Luz, em Lisboa
Árbitro: Elmano Santos ((AF Madeira)

BENFICA – Quim; Nélson, Edcarlos, Katsouranis e Léo; Petit; Maxi Pereira (Di Maria, 59 m), Rui Costa e Cristian Rodriguez; Nuno Gomes (Mantorras, 79 m) e Cardozo (Binya, 86 m).

PAÇOS DE FERREIRA – Peçanha; Mangualde, Rovérsio, Kiko e Chico Silva; Filipe Anunciação, Paulo Sousa e Pedrinha; William (Renato Queirós, 81 m), Wesley (Ricardinho, 71 m) e Cristiano (Edson, 61 m).

Golos: 1-0 Cristian Rodriguez (23 m); 1-1 Wesley (42 m, de grande penalidade); 2-1 Cardozo (68 m); 3-1 Rui Costa (74 m); 4-1, Rui Costa (84 m).

Cartão amarelo a Edcarlos, William, Wesley, Rui Costa, Nuno Gomes, Filipe Anunciação e Mangualde.</div>

شمشون الجبار

لوحة شامشون للفنان رامبرانت هي واحدة من الابداعات الفنيه الرائعه التي ترسم لنا ملامح فن رامبرانت و القيم الابداعيه التي يحملها ،في اللوحه نري انها استكمالا لمجموعه من القصص الديني التي اهتم رامبرانت برسمها مثل لوحته ابراهام و التي تجسد قصة زبح سيدنا اسماعيل علي يد ابيه ابو الانبياء ابراهيم عليه السلام و قد تعرضنا لها بالشرح مره سابقه ،في هذه اللوحه يصور لنا رامبرانت قصه دينيه اخري في كتاب العهد القديم و هي قصة شامشون الجبار الشهيره و فيها كان شمشون الجبار يملك قوة هائله لا يقدر عليه الا الاشداء من الرجال و احتال اعداءه حتي يعرفوا مصدر قوته عن طريق دليله التي احبها شمشون و اوهمته بحبها له ،و بعد ان عرفوا ان مصدر قوته و سرها يكمن في شعر راسه احتالوا عليه حتي حلقوا له شعره بالقوة و كان في نهاية القصه انه هدم المعبد علي نفسه و من فيه و اشتهرت عنه كلمة علي و علي اعدائي الخ القصه المشهوره.في هذه اللوحه نري ان الجنود اعداء شمشون في لحظة تاريخيه جمدها لنا الفنان و احتفظ بها الي الابد رغم مرور القرون علي الحدث الحقيقي نفسه ، فنري ان عدد اربع جنود مع قائدهم و حارس يقف خارج الكهف مع حلاق يحيطون بشمشون السكران اصلا و يعانون بشده من مقاومته لهم و هم يحاولون مستميتين لحلق راسه كي يقضوا علي مصدر قوته و معروف ان شمشون يهودي عاش بين يهود و يبدو ان ما قاموا به ضده هو دابهم و ديدنهم ضد أي مصدر قوه يسبب لهم الازعاج .الجنود بعد ان اسكروا شمشون احدهم يقبض بقوه علي ذراعه الايمن وحده و اخر يساعده علي نفس الزراع بربطه بجنزير عند الرسغ و اخر يحيط بوسطه بزراعيه و فخذيه ايضا تحيطان به و هو يحاول السيطره علي جزعه فوقع خلفه و هناك رابع غير ظاهر في اللوحه حيث يوجد في الجانب المظلم تماما منها و هناك حلاق يمسك المقص و يطوح بخصلة شعر خارج فم الكهف و ينظر بخوف الي شمشون و اتجاه ساقيه الي خارج الكهف خوفا من يقظه مفاجاه لشمشون قد تطيح بمصيره الي الابد و كذلك نري الرعب في ملامح وجهه و يستعد لحلق خصلات اخري و هناك سابع يقف خارج الكهف تبدو مؤخرته فقط في اللوحه و الاخير يقف في مواجهته شاهرا سيفه امام صدره و رقبته مباشرة لمنعه و ترهيبه من الحركه التي تمنعهم من القيام بمؤامرتهم ضدهاللوحه مزدحمه بالعناصر البشريه الكثيره و التي يؤدي كل منها عملا في اللوحه و لا يمكن ان نغفل بعض هذه العناصر لانها كلها ذات اهميه في شرح ابعاد اللوحهفالجنود الكثيرين و الذين بلغوا سبع افراد ضد شخص واحد يبين مدي القوة التي كان يتمتع بها هذا الواحد و كذلك مدي الرهبه التي نراها في صور هؤلاء الجنود تبين لنا مدي الخوف الذي انتابهم اثناء تنفيذ عملهم حيث احتاطوا للامر بكافة الاحتياطات التي تؤمن جانبهم اثناء التنفيذ و تخرجهم منها بلا خسائر و قد ارتدوا الدروع الحديديه تحسبا لاي كارثه قد تحل بهم علي يد شمشوناللوحه تعتبر عمل ابداعي جميل جدا نفذه فنان متمكن ،فنري فيها الحركه تكاد تخرج لنا صوت المتحركين في الصوره حيث تكاد العين تسمع الجلبه و الضجيج و نكاد ايضا نسمع هسيس ما قبل بداية تنفيذ المؤامره و نكاد نستشعر و نقرا في اللوحه المراحل الكامله للاعداد و التنفيذ لهذه الخطة اللئيمه و توزيع الادوار فيها ، حيث نري في اللوحه ما يؤكد ان الخطه تم الاتفاق عليها قبل تنفيذها بمدة طويله و يبدو ذلك واضحا من خلال تقسييم العمل حيث يبدو في اللوحه ان كل فرد فيها يعرف دوره تماما و لا يتعدي دوره الي ادوار غيره و كانهم تدربوا طويلا علي هذه العمليه حتي ان كل فرد فيهم يعمل حسب تخصصه فهناك قائد و هناك جنود و هناك حلاق مخصوص ليس من الجنود و هي ميزه في اليهود فيها سر نجاحهم و هي اعتمادهم علي اهل الاختصاص حتي في دقائق الامورفي اللوحه نسب الجسم كلها مثاليه و كذلك الحركه مثاليه تماما في اللوحه حيث يبدوا فيها العنف كانه حقيقه و الاعضاءالجسديه تتطاير في حركتها اعلي و اسفل و في كل الاتجاهات في عشوائيه من شمشون و نظام من الجنود و لم يختل نظامهم الا بفعل مقاومة شمشونمشهدالعمليه كله مرسوم داخل كهف مظلم الا من شعاع نور يدخل بقوة من فم الكهف كان هو مصدر الضوء الوحيد في اللوحه ،حيث اضاء بسطوع واضح علي جميع الاوجه ماعدا وجه حامل الحربه و الذي اوقعه موقعه بجانب الكهف في الظل بينما اضاء الشعاع الساطع كل جسد شمشون و كانهم يشير بهذه الللفته الفنيه الي ان هذا الشخص المضيء بكامله هو المهم او الاكثر اهمية في الموضوع كله فهو بطل هذه القصه تماما مثل الافلام و ابطالها ، امام باقي الاشخاص و الذين اضيئت وجوههم فقط فكانه اشار الي الوجوه بغرض الادانه فقط او كانهم هم الوجوه التي نفذت الجريمه فقط اما المنفذين الحقيقيين فهم مختفون تماما بعيدا عن الانظار و هي عادة يهوديه معروفه عند ارتكاب الجرائم و ربما كان الشخص ذو الوجه المظلم او الغير مضيء هو مندوب مباشر عن المجرمين الحقيقيين لتنفيذ العمليه ارسلوه لطمانتهم بنجاحها او انذارهم بفشلها كي يحتاطوا لامرهمالوان اللوحه كانها حقيقه لا الوان علي قماش فقد اتت مناسبه تماما لموضوعها و متناسقه تماما مع بعضها فلا نري أي لون شاذ في اللوحه باكملها و لا نري فيها أي ضربة فرشه اتت في غير موضعها كذلك نري له لفتات خفيفه لكناه هامه فمثلا نري هناك خط خفيف جدا بين وجه حامل الحربه و جسد حامل المقص هذا الخط هو فاصل بين لونين مختلفين كلاهما فاتح جدا احدهما لون ماء البحر و هو علي هذه الصوره يدل علي ان الكهف موجود في مكان مرتفع او علي قمة جبل مثلااللوحه تحمل قيم جمااليه و تبرز لقارئها بعض اساليب اليهود في مقاومة من هم اشد منهم قوة حيث لا يبرزون في مواجهة المقاومه بل يبقون في الخلف دائما و كذلك يرسلون من ينوب عنهم و يثقون فيه كي يعطيهم اشارة النجاح او الفشل و كذلك لا يسعون للاجهاز علي الضحيه الا بعد ان يدموه بالرزايا و المحن حتي يوشك ان يلفظ انفاسه فلا يتركوه يسقط وحده بل يسقطوه كي يشفون فيه غليلهم حتي اخر رمق من حياته و اعتقد ان المبدا الذي استنه شمشون لقتالهم و هو هدم المعبد علي من فيه هو مبدا يضطر اليه عدوهم لاستخدامه معهم حيث لا ينتبه الضحيه لمكيدتهم الا في النهايه و لا يكون هناك سبيلا للمقاومه الا ذلك السبيل

لوحه مدهشه فعلا للفنان رامبرانت

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كتبها ذو النون المصري
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World of Contrasts

Image credits: KARIM SAHIB/AFP/Getty Images

Two veiled Emirati women and a foreign woman wearing a revealing dress at horse racing’s 2008 Dubai World Cup at Nad al-Sheba in Dubai on March 29, 2008. The Dubai World Cup is the richest horse race in the world.