Liga Sagres: Ainda se mantêm os três candidatos… Março 1, 2009

Resultados da 20ª. Jornada
27 Fev. 21:00	Benfica	2-1	Leixões
28 Fev. 16:00	Paços de Ferreira	2-0	Rio Ave
28 Fev. 17:30	Nacional	3-1	Académica
28 Fev. 20:30	FC Porto	0-0	Sporting
01 Mar. 16:00	Trofense	1-1	Estrela da Amadora
01 Mar. 16:00	Belenenses	1-2	Naval 1º. de Maio
01 Mar. 20:00	Marítimo	5-1	Vitória de Setúbal
02 Mar. 19:45	Braga	–	Guimarães

Comentários: Numa jornada importante face aos confrontos directos entre equipas candidatas ao título e equipas aflitas merece destaque na jornada 20 do Campeonato o único triunfo forasteiro conseguido pela Naval 1º. de Maio no Restelo e que dá algum conforto à equipa da Figueira da Foz antes de jogar com o Benfica e o Porto. Já a equipa do Belenenses é uma das três últimas (com Vitória de Setúbal e Rio Ave) na classificação com apenas 16 pontos.

A jornada começou na sexta-feira na Luz e estava em discussão de imedito o segundo lugar. A equipa encarnada começou bem, beneficiou de um auto-golo mas depois revelou as dificuldades habituais. Quando chegou ao 2-0 na segunda parte por Nuno Gomes e se esperava algum descanso o Benfica ficou reduzido a dez, por já ter feito todas as substituições, por lesão de Carlos Martins. Logo a seguir o Leixões reduziu e até ao fim do jogo o espectro do empate pairou com a equipa matosinhense a vender cara a derrota.

No clássico entre Porto e Sporting houve alguma desilusão quanto à categoria do jogo produzido. Foi um jogo com muitas paragens, pouco tempo útil de jogo e muitas picardias (especialmente na primeira parte). O Sporting teve até as melhores oportunidades na primeira parte. Na segunda parte o Porto pareceu querer mais a vitória mas com as equipas a demonstrarem visível cansaço da jornada europeia do meio da semana, o empate foi resultado justo, nada decidindo quanto às aspirações de ambas as equipas.

O Paços de Ferreira conseguiu triunfo importante frente ao Rio Ave por 2-0 enquanto o Nacional confirmou o favoritismo vencendo em casa a Académica ainda que para isso tivesse que inverter o resultado desfavorável da primeira parte (de 0-1 para 3-1).

A outra equipa da Madeira que teve uma chicotada psicológica a meio da semana, fez o primeiro jogo da era Carvalhal e venceu e convenceu, goleando o Setúbal por 5-1.

O Estrela da Amadora continua a boa senda e conseguiu mais um pontinho na Trofa mantendo uma posição no meio da tabela livre das aflições em que a equipa da Trofa continua envolvida.

Amanhã completa-se a jornada com o derby minhoto e em que o Braga euroopeu (e vencedor da Taça Intertoto, por ser a única equipa que provvinda dessa prova e mantém na Taça Uefa) em caso de vitória sea ao 4º lugar em igualdade com Leixões e Nacional.

Na próxima jornada o Porto joga em Matosinhos com o Leixões, o Benfica vai à Figueira da Foz e o Sporting recebe o Paços de Ferreira.

Classificação

Lugar	Clube	Pontos	Golos
1.	FC Porto	42	35-14
2.	Benfica	40	34-19
3.	Sporting	38	26-14
4.	Nacional	35	33-21
4.	Leixões	35	21-14
6.	Braga (*)	32	21-12
6.	Marítimo	32	26-20
8.	Estrela da Amadora	25	16-22
9.	Vit. Guimarães (*)	24	19-22
10.	Naval 1º. de Maio	23	19-25
11.	Académica	21	17-23
12.	Paços de Ferreira	19	25-34
13.	Trofense	18	17-26
14.	Vitória de Setúbal	16	12-29
14.	Belenenses	16	18-32
14.	Rio Ave	16	13-25

(*) Braga e Guimarães têm um jogo a menos defrontando-se amanhã em casa dos «arsenalistas»

Próxima Jornada – 21ª.
06 Mar. 20:30	Rio Ave	–	Marítimo
07 Mar. 19:00	Sporting	–	Paços de Ferreira
07 Mar. 21:00	Leixões	–	FC Porto
08 Mar. 16:00	Gumarães	–	Belenenses
08 Mar. 16:00	Académica	–	Trofense
08 Mar. 18:00	Estrela da Amadora	–	Braga
08 Mar. 19:45	Naval 1º. de Maio	–	Benfica
09 Mar. 19:45	Vitória de Setúbal	–	Nacional

Liga Sagres: Ainda se mantêm os três candidatos…

Resultados da 20ª. Jornada
27 Fev. 21:00	Benfica	2-1	Leixões
28 Fev. 16:00	Paços de Ferreira	2-0	Rio Ave
28 Fev. 17:30	Nacional	3-1	Académica
28 Fev. 20:30	FC Porto	0-0	Sporting
01 Mar. 16:00	Trofense	1-1	Estrela da Amadora
01 Mar. 16:00	Belenenses	1-2	Naval 1º. de Maio
01 Mar. 20:00	Marítimo	5-1	Vitória de Setúbal
02 Mar. 19:45	Braga	–	Guimarães

Comentários: Numa jornada importante face aos confrontos directos entre equipas candidatas ao título e equipas aflitas merece destaque na jornada 20 do Campeonato o único triunfo forasteiro conseguido pela Naval 1º. de Maio no Restelo e que dá algum conforto à equipa da Figueira da Foz antes de jogar com o Benfica e o Porto. Já a equipa do Belenenses é uma das três últimas (com Vitória de Setúbal e Rio Ave) na classificação com apenas 16 pontos.

A jornada começou na sexta-feira na Luz e estava em discussão de imedito o segundo lugar. A equipa encarnada começou bem, beneficiou de um auto-golo mas depois revelou as dificuldades habituais. Quando chegou ao 2-0 na segunda parte por Nuno Gomes e se esperava algum descanso o Benfica ficou reduzido a dez, por já ter feito todas as substituições, por lesão de Carlos Martins. Logo a seguir o Leixões reduziu e até ao fim do jogo o espectro do empate pairou com a equipa matosinhense a vender cara a derrota.

No clássico entre Porto e Sporting houve alguma desilusão quanto à categoria do jogo produzido. Foi um jogo com muitas paragens, pouco tempo útil de jogo e muitas picardias (especialmente na primeira parte). O Sporting teve até as melhores oportunidades na primeira parte. Na segunda parte o Porto pareceu querer mais a vitória mas com as equipas a demonstrarem visível cansaço da jornada europeia do meio da semana, o empate foi resultado justo, nada decidindo quanto às aspirações de ambas as equipas.

O Paços de Ferreira conseguiu triunfo importante frente ao Rio Ave por 2-0 enquanto o Nacional confirmou o favoritismo vencendo em casa a Académica ainda que para isso tivesse que inverter o resultado desfavorável da primeira parte (de 0-1 para 3-1).

A outra equipa da Madeira que teve uma chicotada psicológica a meio da semana, fez o primeiro jogo da era Carvalhal e venceu e convenceu, goleando o Setúbal por 5-1.

O Estrela da Amadora continua a boa senda e conseguiu mais um pontinho na Trofa mantendo uma posição no meio da tabela livre das aflições em que a equipa da Trofa continua envolvida.

Amanhã completa-se a jornada com o derby minhoto e em que o Braga euroopeu (e vencedor da Taça Intertoto, por ser a única equipa que provvinda dessa prova e mantém na Taça Uefa) em caso de vitória sea ao 4º lugar em igualdade com Leixões e Nacional.

Na próxima jornada o Porto joga em Matosinhos com o Leixões, o Benfica vai à Figueira da Foz e o Sporting recebe o Paços de Ferreira.

Classificação

Lugar	Clube	Pontos	Golos
1.	FC Porto	42	35-14
2.	Benfica	40	34-19
3.	Sporting	38	26-14
4.	Nacional	35	33-21
4.	Leixões	35	21-14
6.	Braga (*)	32	21-12
6.	Marítimo	32	26-20
8.	Estrela da Amadora	25	16-22
9.	Vit. Guimarães (*)	24	19-22
10.	Naval 1º. de Maio	23	19-25
11.	Académica	21	17-23
12.	Paços de Ferreira	19	25-34
13.	Trofense	18	17-26
14.	Vitória de Setúbal	16	12-29
14.	Belenenses	16	18-32
14.	Rio Ave	16	13-25

(*) Braga e Guimarães têm um jogo a menos defrontando-se amanhã em casa dos «arsenalistas»

Próxima Jornada – 21ª.
06 Mar. 20:30	Rio Ave	–	Marítimo
07 Mar. 19:00	Sporting	–	Paços de Ferreira
07 Mar. 21:00	Leixões	–	FC Porto
08 Mar. 16:00	Gumarães	–	Belenenses
08 Mar. 16:00	Académica	–	Trofense
08 Mar. 18:00	Estrela da Amadora	–	Braga
08 Mar. 19:45	Naval 1º. de Maio	–	Benfica
09 Mar. 19:45	Vitória de Setúbal	–	Nacional

Interrogação – Camilo Pessanha (que faleceu faz hoje 83 anos)

imagem daqui

Não sei se isto é amor. Procuro o teu olhar,
Se alguma dor me fere, em busca de um abrigo;
E apesar disso, crê! nunca pensei num lar
Onde fosses feliz, e eu feliz contigo.

Por ti nunca chorei nenhum ideal desfeito.
E nunca te escrevi nenhuns versos românticos.
Nem depois de acordar te procurei no leito
Como a esposa sensual do Cântico dos Cânticos.

Se é amar-te não sei. Não sei se te idealizo
A tua cor sadia, o teu sorriso terno…
Mas sinto-me sorrir de ver esse sorriso
Que me penetra bem, como este sol de Inverno.

Passo contigo a tarde e sempre sem receio
Da luz crepuscular, que enerva, que provoca.
Eu não demoro o olhar na curva do teu seio
Nem me lembrei jamais de te beijar na boca.

Eu não sei se é amor. Será talvez começo…
Eu não sei que mudança a minha alma pressente…
Amor não sei se o é, mas sei que te estremeço,
Que adoecia talvez de te saber doente.

CAMILO de Almeida PESSANHA nasceu em Coimbra a 7 de Setembro de 1867 e morreu, tuberculoso, em Macau (China) a 1 de Março de 1926. Filho natural de um estudante de Direito e de uma tricana, andou na infância pelos Açores, Mogadouro e Lamego. Cursou Direito na universidade da sua terra natal (1883/91) e começou por exercer advocacia em Trás-os-Montes. Em seguida, abalou para Macau, onde acamaradou, durante três anos, com o escritor Wenceslau de Morais e teve, em 1896, um filho, João Manuel, duma companheira chinesa, falecido, poucos anos depois, do mesmo mal que havia de vitimar o pai. Foi professor de filosofia no liceu de Macau (1894), conservador do registo predial (1900) e juiz (1904). Entretanto, fazia várias visitas à metrópole: a primeira em 1896/97, a segunda em 1899/1900, a terceira de Agosto de 1905 a Janeiro de 1909 e a última de Setembro de 1915 a Março de 1916. Em 1911, foi exonerado do cargo de conservador e voltou a consagrar-se ao magistério liceal. Viciado em absinto e ópio, publicou os seus poemas com o título «Clepsydra» em 1920. A sua poesia é, ao mesmo tempo, plástica e musical, fazendo do seu autor o maior poeta simbolista português. Algumas características: abulia e ataraxia, cepticismo e pessimismo, inspiração lancinante e volúpia erótico-necrófila, nirvana e panteísmo difuso…

O soneto transcrevê-mo-lo de «Os Dias do Amor, Um poema para cada dia do ano», Recolha, selecção e organização de Inês Ramos, Prefácio de Henrique Manuel Bento Fialho, Ministério dos Livros. A nota biobliográfica foi extraída de «A Circulatura do Quadrado – Alguns dos Mais Belos Sonetos de Poetas cuja Mátria é a Língua Portuguesa. Introdução, coordenação e notas de António Ruivo Mouzinho. Edições Unicepe – Cooperativa Livreira de Estudantes do Porto 2004.

Ler neste blog, do mesmo autor:
Desce em Folhedos Tenros a Colina
Estátua
Foi um dia de inúteis agonias
Quem poluiu quem rasgou os meus lençois de linho
Floriram por engano as rosas bravas
Caminho
Ao longe os barcos de flores
Queda

Interrogação – Camilo Pessanha (que faleceu faz hoje 83 anos)

imagem daqui

Não sei se isto é amor. Procuro o teu olhar,
Se alguma dor me fere, em busca de um abrigo;
E apesar disso, crê! nunca pensei num lar
Onde fosses feliz, e eu feliz contigo.

Por ti nunca chorei nenhum ideal desfeito.
E nunca te escrevi nenhuns versos românticos.
Nem depois de acordar te procurei no leito
Como a esposa sensual do Cântico dos Cânticos.

Se é amar-te não sei. Não sei se te idealizo
A tua cor sadia, o teu sorriso terno…
Mas sinto-me sorrir de ver esse sorriso
Que me penetra bem, como este sol de Inverno.

Passo contigo a tarde e sempre sem receio
Da luz crepuscular, que enerva, que provoca.
Eu não demoro o olhar na curva do teu seio
Nem me lembrei jamais de te beijar na boca.

Eu não sei se é amor. Será talvez começo…
Eu não sei que mudança a minha alma pressente…
Amor não sei se o é, mas sei que te estremeço,
Que adoecia talvez de te saber doente.

CAMILO de Almeida PESSANHA nasceu em Coimbra a 7 de Setembro de 1867 e morreu, tuberculoso, em Macau (China) a 1 de Março de 1926. Filho natural de um estudante de Direito e de uma tricana, andou na infância pelos Açores, Mogadouro e Lamego. Cursou Direito na universidade da sua terra natal (1883/91) e começou por exercer advocacia em Trás-os-Montes. Em seguida, abalou para Macau, onde acamaradou, durante três anos, com o escritor Wenceslau de Morais e teve, em 1896, um filho, João Manuel, duma companheira chinesa, falecido, poucos anos depois, do mesmo mal que havia de vitimar o pai. Foi professor de filosofia no liceu de Macau (1894), conservador do registo predial (1900) e juiz (1904). Entretanto, fazia várias visitas à metrópole: a primeira em 1896/97, a segunda em 1899/1900, a terceira de Agosto de 1905 a Janeiro de 1909 e a última de Setembro de 1915 a Março de 1916. Em 1911, foi exonerado do cargo de conservador e voltou a consagrar-se ao magistério liceal. Viciado em absinto e ópio, publicou os seus poemas com o título «Clepsydra» em 1920. A sua poesia é, ao mesmo tempo, plástica e musical, fazendo do seu autor o maior poeta simbolista português. Algumas características: abulia e ataraxia, cepticismo e pessimismo, inspiração lancinante e volúpia erótico-necrófila, nirvana e panteísmo difuso…

O soneto transcrevê-mo-lo de «Os Dias do Amor, Um poema para cada dia do ano», Recolha, selecção e organização de Inês Ramos, Prefácio de Henrique Manuel Bento Fialho, Ministério dos Livros. A nota biobliográfica foi extraída de «A Circulatura do Quadrado – Alguns dos Mais Belos Sonetos de Poetas cuja Mátria é a Língua Portuguesa. Introdução, coordenação e notas de António Ruivo Mouzinho. Edições Unicepe – Cooperativa Livreira de Estudantes do Porto 2004.

Ler neste blog, do mesmo autor:
Desce em Folhedos Tenros a Colina
Estátua
Foi um dia de inúteis agonias
Quem poluiu quem rasgou os meus lençois de linho
Floriram por engano as rosas bravas
Caminho
Ao longe os barcos de flores
Queda

Happy birthday – Ana Hickman

Happy birthday – Ana Hickman

On this day in History – Mar. 01

• 86 BC – Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army, enters in Athens, removing the tyrant Aristion who was supported by troops of Mithridates VI of Pontus.
• 0286 – Roman Emperor Diocletian rises Maximian to the rank of Caesar.
• 0293 – Roman Emperors Diocletian and Maximian appoint Constantius Chlorus and Galerius as Caesares, thus beginning the Tetrarchy.
• 0317 – Crispus and Constantine II, sons of Roman Emperor Constantine I, and Licinius iunior, son of Emperor Licinius, are made Caesares
• 0492 – St. Felix III ended his reign as Catholic Pope and St Gelasius I becomes Pope (492-496).
• 0589 – Saint David dies (b. 500). Patron Saint of Wales
• 0705 – John VII begins his reign as Catholic Pope .
• 0772 – Po Tjiu-I (Bai Juyi) was born (d. 0846). Chinese poet and Governor of Hang-tsjow. His work included the narrative poem “Song of the Pipa,” which protested the social evils of his day.
• 0965 – Leo VIII dies. Italian (anti-)Pope (963-65).
• 1104/5 – Alfonso VII was born (d. 1157). king of Castile
• 1131 – King Stephen II of Hungary dies (b. 1101).
• 1160 – The city of Tomar in Portugal, is foounded.
• 1233 – Count Thomas I of Savoy dies (b. 1178).
  1244 – Gruffydd ap Llywelyn dies (b. 1200). Eldest, illegitimate son of Llywelyn the Great.
• 1383 – Amadeus VI of Savoy dies (b. 1334). Count of Savoy.
• 1445 – Sandro Botticelli was born (d. 1510). Italian painter.
• 1456 – Wladyslaw Jagiello was born. King of Bohemia (1471-1516) and Hungary (1490-1516).
• 1456 – King Ladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary was born (d. 1516).
• 1474 – Angela Merici was born (d. 1540). Italian nun.
• 1457 – The Unitas Fratrum is established in the village of Kunvald, on the Bohemian-Moravian borderland. It is to date the second oldest Protestant denomination.
• 1493 – La carabela “La Pinta” atraca en el puerto de Bayona (Pontevedra) de regreso de América. Se dio la primicia del éxito de la expedición de Colón.
• 1498 – Vasco da Gama desembarca no país hoje conhecido por Moçambique, em sua viagem à Índia.
• 1510 – D. Francisco de Almeida dies (b. c. 1450). Portuguese soldier and explorer who was the first Portuguese Vice-Roy of India.
• 1536 – Bernardo Accolti dies (b. 1465) Italian poet.
• 1546 – George Wishart dies (b. 1513). Scottish religious reformer.
• 1547 – Rudolph Goclenius dies (b. 1628). German philosopher.
• 1562 – Over 1,000 Huguenots are massacred by Catholics in Vassy, France marking the start of the French Wars of Religion.
• 1565 – The city of Rio de Janeiro is founded.
• 1591 – Pope Gregory XIV threatened to excommunicate French king Henri IV.
• 1597 – Jean-Charles de la Faille was born (d. 1652). Belgian mathematician.
• 1611 – John Pell was born (d. 1685) . English mathematician who introduced the division sign (obelus, ÷) into England. The obelus was first used by Johann Rahn (1622-1676) in 1659 in Teutsche Algebra.
• 1620 – Thomas Campion dies (b. 1567). English poet and composer.
• 1628 – Writs are issued in February by Charles I of England that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay ship tax by this date.
• 1633 – Samuel de Champlain reclaims his role as commander of New France on behalf of Cardinal Richelieu.
• 1633 – George Herbert dies (b. 1593). English poet and orator.
• 1642 – Georgeana, Massachusetts (now known as York, Maine) becomes the first incorporated city in America.
• 1643 – Girolamo Frescobaldi dies (b. 1583). Italian keyboard composer.
• 1647 – S. João de Brito was born (d. 4 Feb 1693). Portuguese martyr.
• 1657 – Samuel Werenfels was born (d. 1740). Swiss theologian.
• 1661 – Richard Zouch dies (b. 1590). English jurist.
• 1683 – Caroline of Ansbach dies (b. 1737). Wife of George II of Great Britain.
• 1692 – The Salem witch trials begin in Salem Village, Massachusetts Bay Colony with the charging of four women with witchcraft.
• 1697 – Francesco Redi dies (b. 1626). Italian physician.
• 1700 – Sweden introduces its own Swedish calendar, in an attempt to reform into the Gregorian calendar, then reverts to the Julian calendar on this date in 1712, and then introduces the Gregorian Calendar on this date in 1753.
• 1706 – Heino Heinrich Graf von Flemming dies (b. 1632). German field marshal and Governor of Berlin.
• 1732 – William Cushing was born (d. 1810). 2nd (confirmed) Chief Justice of the United States.
• 1734 – Roger North dies (b. 1653). English biographer.
• 1757 – Edward Moore dies (b. 1712). English writer.
• 1760 – François Nicolas Leonard Buzot was born (d. 1794). French revolutionary.
• 1767 – Carlos III expulsa os Jesuítas de Espanha.
• 1768 – Hermann Samuel Reimarus dies (b. 1694). German philosopher and writer.
• 1769 – François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers was born (b. 1794). French general.
• 1773 – Luigi Vanvitelli dies (b. 1700). Italian architect.
• 1777 – Georg Christoph Wagenseil dies (b. 1715). Austrian composer.
• 1781 – The Continental Congress adopts the Articles of Confederation.
• 1790 – The first United States census is authorized.
• 1792 – Leopold II dies (b. 1747). Holy Roman Emperor.
• 1799 – Coalición de Gran Bretaña, Austria y Rusia contra Francia.
• 1802 – Se inaugura en Buenos Aires la Escuela de Medicina.
• 1803 – Ohio is admitted as the 17th U.S. state, retroactive from August 7, 1953.
• 1805 – Justice Samuel Chase acquitted of impeachment charges by the U.S. Senate.
• 1807 – Wilford Woodruff was born (b. 1898). President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
• 1810 – Frédéric Chopin was born (d. 1849). Polish-French composer and pianist.
• 1811 – Leaders of the Mameluke dynasty are killed by Egyptian ruler Muhammad Ali.
• 1812 – Augustus Pugin was born (d. 1852). English-born architect.
• 1815 – Napoleon returns to France from his banishment on Elba.
• 1819 – USS Columbus launched.
• 1821 – Joseph Hubert Reinkens was born (d. 1896). German Old Catholic bishop.
• 1826 – Dom João VI dies (b. 1767). King of Portugal.
• 1828 – En la guerra entre salvadoreños y guatemaltecos, éstos derrotan al Ejército de El Salvador en la batalla de Chalchuapa.
• 1836 – A Convention of delegates from 57 Texas communities convenes in Washington-on-the-Brazos to deliberate independence from Mexico.
• 1837 – William Dean Howells was born (d. 1920). American writer, historian, editor, politician.
• 1840 – Adolphe Thiers becomes prime minister of France.
• 1841 – Claude Victor-Perrin, duc de Belluno dies (b. 1764). French marshal.
• 1842 – Fermin Salvochea was born in Cadiz (d. 27 Sep 1907). Spanish anarchist.
• 1843 – Zürich issues stamps, making it the second type of stamp in the world.
• 1843 – Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco se declara en Lima Director Supremo de la República de Perú.
• 1845 – President John Tyler signs a bill authorizing the United States to annex the Republic of Texas.
• 1847 – The state of Michigan formally abolishes the death penalty.
• 1848 – Augustus Saint-Gaudens was born (d. 1907). Irish-born American sculptor.
• 1851 – Victor Hugo gives speech at the French national assembly and uses the phrase United States of Europe several times.
• 1852 – Archibald William Montgomerie, 13th Earl of Eglinton appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland .
• 1852 – Comienza en Uruguay la presidencia de Juan Francisco Giró, apoyado por el Partido Blanco.
• 1852 – Théophile Delcassé was born (d. 1923). French statesman.
• 1854 – German pyschologist Friedrich Eduard Beneke disappears; two years later his remains are found in the canal near Charlottenburg.
• 1858 – Julián Castro ocupa la Presidencia de Venezuela.
• 1858 – Georg Simmel was born (d. 1918). German sociologist and philosopher.
• 1862 – Peter Barlow dies (b. 1776). English mathematician.
• 1863 – Alexander Golovin was born (d. 1930). Russian painter.
• 1865 – Abe Iso was born (d. 1949). Japanese politician.
• 1867 – Nebraska becomes the 37th U.S. state; Lancaster, Nebraska is renamed Lincoln and becomes the state capital.
• 1868 – Pi Kappa Alpha Fraternity founded at the University of Virginia.
• 1870 – Francisco Solano López dies in Battle of Cerro Corá (b. 24 Jul 1827). President of Paraguay.
• 1871 – Napoleón III es depuesto como emperador de Francia.
• 1871 – Ben Harney was born (d. 1938). American composer and ragtime pianist.
• 1872 – Yellowstone National Park is established as the world’s first national park.
• 1873 – E. Remington and Sons in Ilion, New York, start production of the first practical typewriter.
• 1873 – Henry Comstock discovers the Comstock Lode in Virgina City, Nevada.
• 1873 – José Ellausi accede a la Presidencia de la República de Uruguay.
• 1875 – Tristan Corbière dies (b. 1845). French poet.
• 1876 – Henri de Baillet-Latour was born (d. 1942). Belgian IOC president.
• 1879 – Bolivia declara la guerra a Chile, en la que el primero de estos países perdió todo su litoral del Pacífico.
• 1879 – Aparece la segunda parte de Martín Fierro, popularmente conocida como “La vuelta”.
• 1879 – Joachim Heer dies (b. 1825). Swiss politician.
• 1880 – Sir Isaac Shoenberg was born (d. 25 Jan 1963). Russian-Born British electrical engineer and principal inventor of the first high-definition television system, as used by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) for the world’s first public high-definition telecast (from London, 1936).
• 1880 – Giles Lytton Strachey was born (d. 1932). British writer and biographer.
• 1881 – Foi fundada a Livraria Lello & Irmão.
• 1884 – Isaac Todhunter dies (b. 1820). English mathematician.
• 1886 – Anglo-Chinese School, Singapore is founded by Bishop William Oldham.
• 1886 – Oskar Kokoschka was born (d. 1980). Austrian painter, graphic artist, and poet, (Erasmus Prize 1960).
• 1888 – Ewart Astill was born (d. 1948). English cricketer.
• 1889 – Watsuji Tetsuro was born (d. 1960). Japanese ethicist and philosopher.
• 1890 – Benito Quinquela Martín was born. Argentine artist.
• 1891 – Se firma en España el laudo arbitral sobre los límites entre Venezuela y Colombia.
• 1892 – Ryunosuke Akutagawa was born (d. 1927). Japanese writer.
• 1893 – Mercedes de Acosta was born (d. 1968). American poet, playwright, costume designer, and socialite.
• 1894 – Na primeira eleição direta para presidente do Brasil, o País elege Prudente de Morais.
• 1896 – Dimitri Mitropoulos was born (d. 1960). Greek conductor, pianist, and composer.
• 1896 – Battle of Adowa, in which Ethiopia defended its independence against Italy, begins.
• 1896 – The Italian invasion, with 100,000 troops, was defeated.
• 1896 – Henri Becquerel discovers radioactivity.
• 1896 – Dimitri Mitropoulos was born (d. 1960). Greek conductor, pianist, and composer.
• 1896 – Moriz Seeler was born (d. 1942). German writer, poet, film producer, and man of the theatre.
• 1898 – Campos Salles, candidato único, é eleito Presidente da República (Brasil).
• 1898 – George Bruce Malleson dies (b. 1825). English officer in India, author.
• 1899 – In Afghanistan Capt. George Roos-Keppel makes a sudden attack on a predatory band of Chamkannis that have been raiding in the Kurram Valley and captures 100 prisoners with 3,000 head of cattle.
• 1899 – Erich von dem Bach was born (d. 1972). Nazi official.
• 1901 – Pietro Spiggia was born. Italian poet.
• 1902 – Rodrigues Alves vencia as eleições presidenciais do Brasil, sucedendo a Campos Salles.
• 1904 – Glenn Miller was born. American bandleader: Moonlight Serenade, In the Mood, Little Brown Jug, Chattanooga Choo-Choo, String of Pearls, Tuxedo Junction, Perfidia; led WWII U.S. Army Air Force Band; presumed dead after his plane disappeared over the English Channel ( Dec 15, 1944) .
• 1905 – Aparece en Argentina el diario “La Razón”, fundado por Emilio Morales.
• 1906 – Pham Văn Ðong was born (d. 2000). Prime Minister of North Vietnam.
• 1906 – José María de Pereda dies. Spanish novelist.
• 1906 – Manuel Félix Ribeiro was born in Veiros do Alentejo (d. 28 Apr 1982). Portuguese cinematographer, and founder of Cinemateca Portuguesa.
• 1910 – David Niven was born (d. 29 Jul 1983) English actor, (Academy Award-winning actor: Separate Tables [1958]; The Moon is Blue, Paper Tiger, The Pink Panther, The Guns of Navarone, Around the World in 80 Days, Casino Royale ) .
• 1910 – Archer John Porter Martin was born (d. 2002). English chemist who won in 1952 with (R. L. M. Synge) the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for development of paper partition chromatography using two different liquids moving at right angles .
• 1910 – No Brasil, Marechal Hermes é eleito presidente, vencendo Rui Barbosa, por 403 mil a 223 mil votos.
• 1911 – Jacobus Henricus van ‘t Hoff dies (b. 1852). Dutch physical and organic chemist, the winner of the first Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
• 1912 – George Grossmith dies (b. 1847). English actor and comic writer, best remembered for his work with Gilbert & Sullivan.
• 1912 – Albert Berry makes the first parachute jump from a moving airplane.
• 1912 – Georg Ritter von Trapp, head of the famous Austrian singing family memorialized in the musical The Sound of Music marries Agathe.
• 1914 – The Republic of China joins the Universal Postal Union.
• 1914 – Ralph Ellison was born (d. 1994). American writer.
• 1914 – Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto dies (b. 1845) .
• 1914 – Jorge Newbery dies in an aviation crash near Mendoza. Argentinean pilot of fixed-wing aircraft.
• 1917 – Robert Lowell was born (d. 1977). American poet.
• 1917 – Harry Caray was born (d. 1998). American sports broadcaster.
• 1917 – U.S. government releases the plaintext of the Zimmermann Telegram to the public.
• 1917 – Japanese city Omuta, Fukuoka is founded.
• 1918 – German submarine Unterseeboot 19 (U-19) sinks HMS Calgarian off Rathlin Island.
• 1918 – Gladys Noon Spellman, American politician
• 1918 – Joao Goulart was born (d. 1976). President of Brazil (1961-March 31, 1964)
• 1918 – Roger Delgado was born (d. 1973). British actor.
• 1919 – March 1st Movement against Japanese colonial rule in Korea.
• 1919 – Entra en vigor en Uruguay la nueva Constitución redactada por la Asamblea Constituye .
• 1920 – Howard Nemerov was born (d. 1991). American poet.
• 1920 – Max Bentley was born (d. 1984). Canadian hockey player.
• 1920 – John H. Bankhead dies (b. 1842). United States Senator.
• 1920 – Joseph Trumpeldor dies (b. 1880). Early Zionist activist.
• 1921 – The city Kiryu, located in Gunma, Japan, is founded.
• 1921 – Richard Wilbur was born. American poet.
• 1921 – Terence Cardinal Cooke was born (d. 1983). Tenth bishop (seventh archbishop) of the Roman Catholic diocese of New York.
• 1922 – Yitzhak Rabin was born (d. 1995). Prime Minister of Israel (1992-1995). Nobel 1994.
• 1922 – William Gaines was born (d. 1992). American publisher, founder of MAD Magazine.
• 1922 – Rafael Moreno Aranzadi (Pichichi) dies (b. 1892). Spanish football player.
• 1923 – Rui Barbosa dies. Brazilian politician.
• 1923 – Kuczka Péter was born (d. 1999). Hungarian writer, poet and Science Fiction editor (d. 1999)
• 1924 – Deke Slayton was born (d. 1993). Astronaut.
• 1924 – China: los comunistas son admitidos en el Kuomintang.
• 1924 – Louise-Marie Amélie dies (b. 1858). Daughter of Leopold II of Belgium, wife of Prince Philipp of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
• 1925 – Em Lisboa, Abílio Nunes dos Santos Júnior realizou as primeiras emissões regulares de rádio neste dia.
• 1926 – Robert Clary was born. French actor.
• 1926 – Alvin “Pete” Rozelle was born (d. 1996). Commissioner of American football.
• 1926 – Cesare Danova was born (d. 1992). Italian-born American TV and film actor.
• 1926 – Camilo Pessanha dies (b. 1867). Portuguese poet / Morreu de tuberculose o poeta português Camilo de Almeida Pessanha (Clepsidra) (n. em Coimbra em 1867) .
• 1926 – Alvin “Pete” Rozelle was born (d. 1996). Commissioner of the National Football League (NFL).
• 1927 – Rui de Carvalho was born. Portuguese actor.
• 1927 – Harry Belafonte was born. American musician and actor.
• 1927 – Robert Bork was born. American law professor.
• 1928 – Jacques Rivette was born. French director.
• 1928 – Dr. Seymour Papert was born. South African mathematician, artificial intelligence researcher. Computer scientist who invented the Logo computer programming language, an educational computer programming language for children.
• 1929 – Georgi Markov was born (d. 1978). Bulgarian dissident.
• 1930 – Gastone Nencini was born (d. 1980). Italian cyclist.
• 1932 – The son of Charles Lindbergh, Charles Augustus Lindbergh III, is kidnapped in New Jersey; found dead May 12 .
• 1932 – Se funda el Danubio Footbal Club, de Montevideo, Uruguay.
• 1932 – Frank Teschemacher dies. American jazz clarinetist and alto-saxophonist .
• 1932 – Ramón Casas dies. Spanish painter.
• 1934 – Henry Pu Yi was crowned emperor Kang Teh of Manchuria.
• 1935 – Robert Conrad was born. American actor.
• 1936 – Hoover Dam is completed.
• 1936 – Monique Bégin was born. French Canadian politician.
• 1936 – Jean-Edern Hallier was born (d. 1997). French author.
• 1936 – Mikhail Kuzmin dies (b. 1871). Russian writer.
• 1937 – Jed Allan was born. American actor.
• 1938 – Gabriele D’Annunzio dies (b. 1863). Italian poet, dramatist, daredevil, war hero and politician.
• 1939 – Warren Davis was born, The Monotones.
• 1939 – Leo Brouwer was born. Cuban composer and guitarist.
• 1940 – 12th Academy Awards: “Gone with the Wind”, Robert Donat & Vivien Leigh win.
• 1940 – Anton Hansen Tammsaare dies (b. 1878). Estonian author.
• 1941 – World War II: Bulgaria signs the Tripartite Pact thus joining the Axis powers.
• 1941 – W47NV (now known as WSM-FM) begins operations in Nashville, Tennessee becoming the first FM radio station.
• 1942 – Richard Bowman Myers was born. General of the United States Air Force, Chairman of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff.
• 1943 – World War II: Battle of Bismarck Sea begins.
• 1943 – Gil Amelio was born. American CEO of National Semiconductor and Apple Computer and venture capitalist.
• 1943 – Akinori Nakayama was born. Japanese gymnast.
• 1943 – Richard H. Price was born. American physicist.
• 1943 – Rashid Sunyaev was born. Russian physicist.
• 1943 – Alexandre Yersin dies. (b. 1863) Swiss physician.
• 1944 – Roger Daltrey was born. English rock musician (The Who)( Pinball Wizard, Won’t Get Fooled Again; solo: Without Your Love, Giving It All Away; actor: Tommy, Lisztomania, The Legacy and McVicar).
• 1944 – Mike D’Abo was born. Rock vocalist of band Mannfred Mann.
• 1944 – John Breaux was born. United States Senator from Louisiana.
• 1945 – Dirk Benedict was born. American movie and television actor.
• 1945 – O Irão declarou guerra ao Japão e à Alemanha.
• 1946 – Panamá accepts its new constitution.
• 1946 – The Bank of England is nationalised.
• 1946 – Lana Wood was born. American actress.
• 1946 – Gerry Boulet was born (d. 1990). French rock singer.
• 1946 – Elvin Bethea was born. American football player.
• 1947 – The International Monetary Fund begins financial operations.
• 1947 – Alan Thicke was born. Canadian actor and songwriter.
  1947 – Tomás Berreta is elected President of Uruguay.
• 1948 – Winston Rodney, aka Burning Spear, was born, Jamaican roots rock reggae singer and musician.
• 1949 – Indonesia seizes Yogyakarta from the Dutch.
• 1949 – Ripley’s Believe It Or Not! debuts on Television.
• 1950 – Chiang Kai-shek resumed the Presidency of National China on Formosa.
• 1950 – Alfred Korzybski dies (b. 3 July 1879). Polish-born American scientist and philosopher.
• 1950 – Cold War: Klaus Fuchs is convicted of spying for the Soviet Union by giving them top secret atomic bomb data.
• 1952 – Egyptian government-Ali Maher Pasja resigns.
• 1952 – Steven Barnes was born. Science fiction writer.
• 1952 – Martin O’Neill was born. Northern Irish footballer and football manager.
• 1952 – Mariano Azuela dies (b. 1873). Mexican novelist.
• 1953 – Richard Bruton was born. Irish Fine Gael politician and economist.
• 1953 – Joseph Stalin collapses, having suffered a stroke. He dies four days later.
• 1953 – Evacuación de las últimas tropas británicas de la India.
• 1953 – Carlos Queiroz was born. Portuguese football manager.
• 1954 – Nuclear testing: The Castle Bravo, a 15-megaton hydrogen bomb, was detonated on Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean, resulting in the worst radioactive contamination ever caused by the United States.
• 1954 – Puerto Rican nationalists attack the United States Capitol building, injuring five Representatives.
• 1954 – Ron Howard was born. American actor, director, producer (Emmy Award-winning producer: From the Earth to the Moon [1998]; actor: The Andy Griffith Show, Happy Days, American Graffiti; director: Night Shift, Splash, Cocoon, Backdraft, Apollo 13).
• 1954 – Catherine Bach was born. American actress.
• 1955 – Allen Fieldhouse at the University of Kansas hosts its first college basketball game.
• 1955 – Na África do Sul, o apartheid foi alargado ao ensino primário.
• 1956 – The International Air Transport Association finalises a draft of the Radiotelephony spelling alphabet for the International Civil Aviation Organization.
• 1956 – Promulgación en Guatemala de una nueva Constitución.
• 1956 – Timothy Daly was born. American actor.
• 1958 – Bertrand Piccard was born. Swiss balloonist and psychiatrist.
• 1958 – Chosei Komatsu was born. Japanese conductor.
• 1958 – Nik Kershaw was born in Bristol England, singer/songwriter (Wouldn’t it be Good).
• 1958 – Samuel Alphonsus Stritch, appointed Pro-Perfect of the Propagation of Faith and thus becomes the first American member of the Roman Curia.
• 1961 – President of the United States John F. Kennedy establishes the Peace Corps.
• 1961 – First elections held in Uganda and it becomes self-governing.
• 1962 – Antonio Harrison is elected President of Uruguay.
• 1962 – O Paquistão anuncia uma nova constituição, estabelecendo um sistema de governo presidencialista.
• 1962 – American Airlines Flight 1 crashes on take off in New York.
• 1963 – Dan Michaels was born. Producer, saxophonist, member of the rock band The Choir and also The Swirling Eddies, owner of Galaxy21 Music.
• 1963 – Thomas Anders was born. German singer (Modern Talking).
• 1963 – Ron Francis was born. Canadian ice hockey player.
• 1963 – Irish Meusel dies (b. 1893). American baseball player.
• 1964 – Paul Le Guen was born. French football manager.
• 1964 – Khalid Shaikh Mohammed was born, suspected military head of Osama bin Laden‘s al-Qaeda (his birth date is also reported to be April 14, 1965).
• 1965 – Un terremoto causa la muerte de 400 personas en Valparaíso (Chile).
• 1965 – Booker Huffman was born. American professional wrestler.
• 1965 – Stewart Elliott was born. Canadian jockey.
• 1966 – Venera 3 Soviet space probe crashes on Venus becoming the first spacecraft to land on another planet‘s surface.
• 1966 – The Ba’ath Party takes power in Syria.
• 1966 – Horacio Acavallo gana el título mundial de boxeo al vencer a Takayama.
• 1966 – Fritz Houtermans dies (b. 1903). German physicist.
• 1967 – Aron Winter was born. Dutch soccer player.
• 1967 – George Eads was born. American actor.
• 1968 – Country music stars Johnny Cash and June Carter got married on this day.
• 1969 – During a performance at Miami‘s Dinner Key Auditorium, Jim Morrison of the Doors is arrested for exposing himself during the show. Morrison is officially charged with lewd and lascivious behavior, indecent behavior, open profanity and public drunkenness.
• 1969 – John Kerry officially leaves active duty in Vietnam.
• 1969 – Javier Bardem was born. Spanish actor.
• 1969 – Dafydd Ieuan was born. Welsh drummer with the band Super Furry Animals.
• 1969 – Litefoot was born. Native American rapper.
• 1969 – Doug Creek was born. Baseball player.
• 1970 – Shaun Pollock was born. South African cricketer.
• 1970 – Lucille Hegamin dies (b. 1894). American singer and entertainer.
• 1971 – A bomb explodes in men’s room in the White House – Weather Underground claims responsibility.
• 1971 – Pakistani President Yahya Khan indefinitely postponed the pending national assembly session, precipitating massive civil disobedience in East Pakistan.
• 1971 – Tyler Hamilton was born. American cyclist.
• 1972 – Thai province of Yasothon created after being split off from the Ubon Ratchathani province.
• 1973 – Black September terrorists stormed the Saudi embassy in Khartoum, Sudan resulting in the Khartoum diplomatic assassinations.
• 1973 – Ryan Peake was born. Guitarist with the band Nickelback.
• 1973 – Chris Webber was born. American basketball player.
• 1973 – Carlo Resoort was born. Dutch trance DJ.
• 1974 – The Ethiopian government of Makonnen Endelkacaw (1927-1974) formed.
• 1974 – Mark-Paul Gosselaar was born. American actor.
• 1974 – Bobby Timmons dies (b. 1935). Jazz pianist.
• 1974 – Watergate scandal: Seven are indicted for their role in the Watergate break-in and charged with conspiracy to obstruct justice.
• 1975 – Colour television transmissions begin in Australia.
• 1975 – 17th Grammy Awards: I Honestly Love You, Marvin Hamlisch win.
• 1976 – Bradford Bishop bludgeoned his mother, spouse and three children to death and is still at large.
• 1976 – Peter Bell was born. Australian AFL player.
• 1977 – Rens Blom was born. Dutch athlete.
• 1977 – Esther Cañadas was born. Spanish actress and supermodel.
• 1978 – Charlie Chaplin‘s coffin is stolen from a Swiss cemetery.
• 1978 – Jensen Ackles was born. American actor.
• 1978 – Alicia Leigh Willis was born. American actress.
• 1979 – Mustafa Barzani dies (b. 1903). Leader of Kurdistan Democratic Party.
• 1979 – España: elecciones generales. Vence la Unión de Centro Democrático de Adolfo Suárez.
• 1980 – Dixie Dean was born (d. 1907). English footballer.
• 1980 – Wilhelmina dies (b. 1940). High-fashion model and owner of model agency.
• 1980 – Voyager 1 probe confirms that Janus (moon of Saturn) exists.
• 1980 – Djimi Traore was born. Malian footballer
• 1980 – Shahid Afridi was born. Pakistani cricketer.
• 1981 – Adam LaVorgna was born. American actor.
• 1981 – Ana Hickmann was born. Brazilian supermodel.
• 1981 – Brad Winchester was born. American ice hockey player.
• 1981 – Daniel Ortega es nombrado coordinador de la Junta de Gobierno de Nicaragua.
• 1981 – Will Power was born. Australian racing driver.
• 1983 – Swatch introduce their first timepieces.
• 1983 – Daniel Carvalho was born. Brazilian soccer player.
• 1983 – Blake Hawksworth was born. Canadian baseball player.
• 1983 – Chris Hackett was born. English footballer.
• 1983 – Elan Sara DeFan was born. Mexican singer-songwriter.
• 1984 – Alexander Steen was born. Canadian-born Swedish ice hockey player.
• 1984 – Naima Mora was born. American model.
• 1984 – Jackie Coogan dies (b. 1914). American actor.
• 1985 – A Suécia foi a primeira nação a legislar sobre a inseminação artificial.
• 1985 – Julio Maria Sanguinetti sworns as President of Uruguay.
• 1985 – Andreas Ottl was born. German footballer.
• 1988 – Katija Pevec was born. American actress.
• 1988 – Joe Besser dies (b. 1907). Member of the Three Stooges.
• 1989 – The United States becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
• 1989 – Carlos Vela was born. Mexican footballer.
• 1989 – Sonya Kitchell was born. American singer.
• 1990 – Steve Jackson Games is raided by the United States Secret Service, prompting the later formation of the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
• 1991 – España: el Tribunal Constitucional exige el idioma catalán para los funcionarios de la Generalidad de Cataluña.
• 1991 – Edwin H. Land dies (b. 1909). American inventor and physicist whose one-step process for devoloping and printing photographs culminated in a revolution in photography unparalleled since the advent of roll film. He found the Polaroid Company.
• 1992 – Bosnia-Herzegovina declara su independencia de Yugoslavia.
• 1993 – Luis Kutner dies (b. 1908). American human rights activist, co-founded Amnesty International in 1961.
• 1994 – Nace la Europa de los Quince: Suecia, Austria y Finlandia se incorporan como nuevos socios de la Unión Europea.
• 1994 – At the 36th Grammy Awards: Whitney Houston won best female pop vocalist and record of year for “I Will Always Love You” “The Bodyguard” won album of the year and Toni Braxton os the best new artist.
• 1994 – Martti Ahtisaari inaugurated as President of Finland.
• 1994 – Seattle grunge band Nirvana play their last show in Munich, Germany.
• 1995 – At the 37 th Grammy Awards in Los Angeles, Sheryl Crow won record of the year for “All I Wanna Do” while Tony Bennett’s “MTV Unplugged” was named best album.
• 1995 – Polish Prime Minister Waldemar Pawlak resigns from parliament and is replaced by ex-communist Józef Oleksy.
• 1995 – Daniel Sleator announces his intentions to commercialize the Internet Chess Server (ICS) himself, renames it the Internet Chess Club, or ICC, and charges a yearly membership fee of $49 to howls of protest.
• 1995 – Vitaly Massol resigned as Ukraine premier.
• 1995 – Julio Maria Sanguinetti was sworn in as President of Uruguay.
• 1995 – Vladislav Listyev dies (b. 1956). Russian journalist, anchor, and director of ORTV.
• 1995 – Georges J.F. Köhler dies (b. 17 Apr 1946). German immunologist who in 1984, with César Milstein and Niels K. Jerne, received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his work in developing the technique for producing unlimited amounts of extremely pure proteins known as monoclonal antibodies.
• 1996 – Vergilio Ferreira dies in Lisbon. Portuguese writer. / Faleceu, em Lisboa, o escritor Vergílio Ferreira (n. 1916). Foi sepultado em Melo, concelho de Gouveia “virado para a serra” como sempre desejou.
• 1998 – Cláudio Villas-Boas dies (b. 8 Dec 1916). Brazilian anthropologist and activist whose life was dedicated to the search for and protection of the country’s indigenous people as their lands were taken over and developed; he and his brother Orlando aided in the creation of the Xingu National Park reservation in 1961 and the National Indian Foundation six years later.
• 1999 – Hutu rebels kill eight tourists in Uganda.
• 1999 – The Convention on the Prohibition of Anti-Personnel Mines comes into force.
• 2000 – The Constitution of Finland is rewritten.
• 2000 – Hans Blix assumes the position of Executive Chairman of UNMOVIC.
• 2000 – Dennis Danell dies. Guitarist of band Social Distortion.
• 2002 – U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: In eastern Afghanistan, Operation Anaconda begins.
• 2002 – The Envisat environmental satellite successfully reaches an orbit 800km above the Earth on its 11th launch, carrying the heaviest payload to date at 8500kg.
• 2002 – Space Shuttle Columbia flies Hubble Space Telescope service mission (STS-109).
• 2002 – Peseta discontinued as official currency of Spain and is replaced with the euro (€).
• 2003 – In Brazil a truce between landless farmworkers and President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva peace ended, when some 1,000 landless farmers occupied a ranch 80 miles west of Sao Paulo.
• 2003 – Camacho Costa dies (b. 1946). Portuguese actor.
• 2003 – Fidel Sánchez Hernández dies (b. 1917). President of El Salvador (1967-1972).
• 2003 – the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, the United States Customs Service, and the United States Secret Service moves to the United States Department of Homeland Security.
• 2004 – Jean-Bertrand Aristide, former President of Haiti, announces that his resignation on February 29 was forced, and that he was forced to leave the country by American soldiers.
• 2004 – Terry Nichols convicted of state murder charges and accomplice to the Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh has his trial started in McAlester, Oklahoma.
• 2004 – Punycode adopted by the national registrars of Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
• 2004 – Mohammed Bahr al-Uloum becomes President of Iraq.
• 2005 – Dr. Tabare Vazquez (65) took office as Uruguay’s first socialist president.
• 2005 – In Geneva, Switzerland, Edouard Stern, French financier and former Lazard banker, was found dead in his home. Swiss police later arrested Cecile Brossard (36), his French lover, who allegedly confessed to the sex-related killing of banker Edouard Stern
• 2006 – Tarja Halonen is inaugurated as president of Finland for the second time.
• 2006 – Queen Elizabeth II officially opens the new debating chamber for the National Assembly for Wales in Cardiff, a milestone in devolution.
• 2006 – The first confirmed case of H5N1 bird flu virus in Switzerland, a dead swan on Lake Geneva, near the city of Geneva.
• 2006 – English-language Wikipedia reaches its one millionth article, Jordanhill railway station.
• 2006 – Fernando Tavares Rodrigues dies (b. 7 Mar 1954). Portuguese poet, journalist and essayst.
• 2006 – Peter Osgood dies (b. 1947). English footballer.
• 2006 – Jack Wild dies (b. 1952). English actor.
• 2006 – Harry Browne dies (b. 1933). American politician and author.
• 2006 – Johnny Jackson dies (b. 1951). American musician.
• 2007 – Tornadoes swarm across the southern United States, killing at least 20; eight of the deaths were at a high school in Enterprise, Alabama.
• 2007 – “Squatters” are evicted from Ungdomshuset in Copenhagen, Denmark, provoking the March 2007 Denmark Riots.
• 2007 – Manuel Bento dies in Barreiro (b. Golegã, 25 Jun. 1948). Portuguese international footballer (goalkeeper of Benfica).
• Labour day – Western Australia.
• Self Injury Awareness Day
• Wales – Saint David’s Day
• Korea – Independence Movement Day
• Bosnia and Herzegovina – Independence Day
• Bulgaria – Baba Marta (мартеница)
• Clean Up Australia Day 2009

On this day in History – Mar. 01

• 86 BC – Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army, enters in Athens, removing the tyrant Aristion who was supported by troops of Mithridates VI of Pontus.
• 0286 – Roman Emperor Diocletian rises Maximian to the rank of Caesar.
• 0293 – Roman Emperors Diocletian and Maximian appoint Constantius Chlorus and Galerius as Caesares, thus beginning the Tetrarchy.
• 0317 – Crispus and Constantine II, sons of Roman Emperor Constantine I, and Licinius iunior, son of Emperor Licinius, are made Caesares
• 0492 – St. Felix III ended his reign as Catholic Pope and St Gelasius I becomes Pope (492-496).
• 0589 – Saint David dies (b. 500). Patron Saint of Wales
• 0705 – John VII begins his reign as Catholic Pope .
• 0772 – Po Tjiu-I (Bai Juyi) was born (d. 0846). Chinese poet and Governor of Hang-tsjow. His work included the narrative poem “Song of the Pipa,” which protested the social evils of his day.
• 0965 – Leo VIII dies. Italian (anti-)Pope (963-65).
• 1104/5 – Alfonso VII was born (d. 1157). king of Castile
• 1131 – King Stephen II of Hungary dies (b. 1101).
• 1160 – The city of Tomar in Portugal, is foounded.
• 1233 – Count Thomas I of Savoy dies (b. 1178).
  1244 – Gruffydd ap Llywelyn dies (b. 1200). Eldest, illegitimate son of Llywelyn the Great.
• 1383 – Amadeus VI of Savoy dies (b. 1334). Count of Savoy.
• 1445 – Sandro Botticelli was born (d. 1510). Italian painter.
• 1456 – Wladyslaw Jagiello was born. King of Bohemia (1471-1516) and Hungary (1490-1516).
• 1456 – King Ladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary was born (d. 1516).
• 1474 – Angela Merici was born (d. 1540). Italian nun.
• 1457 – The Unitas Fratrum is established in the village of Kunvald, on the Bohemian-Moravian borderland. It is to date the second oldest Protestant denomination.
• 1493 – La carabela “La Pinta” atraca en el puerto de Bayona (Pontevedra) de regreso de América. Se dio la primicia del éxito de la expedición de Colón.
• 1498 – Vasco da Gama desembarca no país hoje conhecido por Moçambique, em sua viagem à Índia.
• 1510 – D. Francisco de Almeida dies (b. c. 1450). Portuguese soldier and explorer who was the first Portuguese Vice-Roy of India.
• 1536 – Bernardo Accolti dies (b. 1465) Italian poet.
• 1546 – George Wishart dies (b. 1513). Scottish religious reformer.
• 1547 – Rudolph Goclenius dies (b. 1628). German philosopher.
• 1562 – Over 1,000 Huguenots are massacred by Catholics in Vassy, France marking the start of the French Wars of Religion.
• 1565 – The city of Rio de Janeiro is founded.
• 1591 – Pope Gregory XIV threatened to excommunicate French king Henri IV.
• 1597 – Jean-Charles de la Faille was born (d. 1652). Belgian mathematician.
• 1611 – John Pell was born (d. 1685) . English mathematician who introduced the division sign (obelus, ÷) into England. The obelus was first used by Johann Rahn (1622-1676) in 1659 in Teutsche Algebra.
• 1620 – Thomas Campion dies (b. 1567). English poet and composer.
• 1628 – Writs are issued in February by Charles I of England that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay ship tax by this date.
• 1633 – Samuel de Champlain reclaims his role as commander of New France on behalf of Cardinal Richelieu.
• 1633 – George Herbert dies (b. 1593). English poet and orator.
• 1642 – Georgeana, Massachusetts (now known as York, Maine) becomes the first incorporated city in America.
• 1643 – Girolamo Frescobaldi dies (b. 1583). Italian keyboard composer.
• 1647 – S. João de Brito was born (d. 4 Feb 1693). Portuguese martyr.
• 1657 – Samuel Werenfels was born (d. 1740). Swiss theologian.
• 1661 – Richard Zouch dies (b. 1590). English jurist.
• 1683 – Caroline of Ansbach dies (b. 1737). Wife of George II of Great Britain.
• 1692 – The Salem witch trials begin in Salem Village, Massachusetts Bay Colony with the charging of four women with witchcraft.
• 1697 – Francesco Redi dies (b. 1626). Italian physician.
• 1700 – Sweden introduces its own Swedish calendar, in an attempt to reform into the Gregorian calendar, then reverts to the Julian calendar on this date in 1712, and then introduces the Gregorian Calendar on this date in 1753.
• 1706 – Heino Heinrich Graf von Flemming dies (b. 1632). German field marshal and Governor of Berlin.
• 1732 – William Cushing was born (d. 1810). 2nd (confirmed) Chief Justice of the United States.
• 1734 – Roger North dies (b. 1653). English biographer.
• 1757 – Edward Moore dies (b. 1712). English writer.
• 1760 – François Nicolas Leonard Buzot was born (d. 1794). French revolutionary.
• 1767 – Carlos III expulsa os Jesuítas de Espanha.
• 1768 – Hermann Samuel Reimarus dies (b. 1694). German philosopher and writer.
• 1769 – François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers was born (b. 1794). French general.
• 1773 – Luigi Vanvitelli dies (b. 1700). Italian architect.
• 1777 – Georg Christoph Wagenseil dies (b. 1715). Austrian composer.
• 1781 – The Continental Congress adopts the Articles of Confederation.
• 1790 – The first United States census is authorized.
• 1792 – Leopold II dies (b. 1747). Holy Roman Emperor.
• 1799 – Coalición de Gran Bretaña, Austria y Rusia contra Francia.
• 1802 – Se inaugura en Buenos Aires la Escuela de Medicina.
• 1803 – Ohio is admitted as the 17th U.S. state, retroactive from August 7, 1953.
• 1805 – Justice Samuel Chase acquitted of impeachment charges by the U.S. Senate.
• 1807 – Wilford Woodruff was born (b. 1898). President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
• 1810 – Frédéric Chopin was born (d. 1849). Polish-French composer and pianist.
• 1811 – Leaders of the Mameluke dynasty are killed by Egyptian ruler Muhammad Ali.
• 1812 – Augustus Pugin was born (d. 1852). English-born architect.
• 1815 – Napoleon returns to France from his banishment on Elba.
• 1819 – USS Columbus launched.
• 1821 – Joseph Hubert Reinkens was born (d. 1896). German Old Catholic bishop.
• 1826 – Dom João VI dies (b. 1767). King of Portugal.
• 1828 – En la guerra entre salvadoreños y guatemaltecos, éstos derrotan al Ejército de El Salvador en la batalla de Chalchuapa.
• 1836 – A Convention of delegates from 57 Texas communities convenes in Washington-on-the-Brazos to deliberate independence from Mexico.
• 1837 – William Dean Howells was born (d. 1920). American writer, historian, editor, politician.
• 1840 – Adolphe Thiers becomes prime minister of France.
• 1841 – Claude Victor-Perrin, duc de Belluno dies (b. 1764). French marshal.
• 1842 – Fermin Salvochea was born in Cadiz (d. 27 Sep 1907). Spanish anarchist.
• 1843 – Zürich issues stamps, making it the second type of stamp in the world.
• 1843 – Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco se declara en Lima Director Supremo de la República de Perú.
• 1845 – President John Tyler signs a bill authorizing the United States to annex the Republic of Texas.
• 1847 – The state of Michigan formally abolishes the death penalty.
• 1848 – Augustus Saint-Gaudens was born (d. 1907). Irish-born American sculptor.
• 1851 – Victor Hugo gives speech at the French national assembly and uses the phrase United States of Europe several times.
• 1852 – Archibald William Montgomerie, 13th Earl of Eglinton appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland .
• 1852 – Comienza en Uruguay la presidencia de Juan Francisco Giró, apoyado por el Partido Blanco.
• 1852 – Théophile Delcassé was born (d. 1923). French statesman.
• 1854 – German pyschologist Friedrich Eduard Beneke disappears; two years later his remains are found in the canal near Charlottenburg.
• 1858 – Julián Castro ocupa la Presidencia de Venezuela.
• 1858 – Georg Simmel was born (d. 1918). German sociologist and philosopher.
• 1862 – Peter Barlow dies (b. 1776). English mathematician.
• 1863 – Alexander Golovin was born (d. 1930). Russian painter.
• 1865 – Abe Iso was born (d. 1949). Japanese politician.
• 1867 – Nebraska becomes the 37th U.S. state; Lancaster, Nebraska is renamed Lincoln and becomes the state capital.
• 1868 – Pi Kappa Alpha Fraternity founded at the University of Virginia.
• 1870 – Francisco Solano López dies in Battle of Cerro Corá (b. 24 Jul 1827). President of Paraguay.
• 1871 – Napoleón III es depuesto como emperador de Francia.
• 1871 – Ben Harney was born (d. 1938). American composer and ragtime pianist.
• 1872 – Yellowstone National Park is established as the world’s first national park.
• 1873 – E. Remington and Sons in Ilion, New York, start production of the first practical typewriter.
• 1873 – Henry Comstock discovers the Comstock Lode in Virgina City, Nevada.
• 1873 – José Ellausi accede a la Presidencia de la República de Uruguay.
• 1875 – Tristan Corbière dies (b. 1845). French poet.
• 1876 – Henri de Baillet-Latour was born (d. 1942). Belgian IOC president.
• 1879 – Bolivia declara la guerra a Chile, en la que el primero de estos países perdió todo su litoral del Pacífico.
• 1879 – Aparece la segunda parte de Martín Fierro, popularmente conocida como “La vuelta”.
• 1879 – Joachim Heer dies (b. 1825). Swiss politician.
• 1880 – Sir Isaac Shoenberg was born (d. 25 Jan 1963). Russian-Born British electrical engineer and principal inventor of the first high-definition television system, as used by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) for the world’s first public high-definition telecast (from London, 1936).
• 1880 – Giles Lytton Strachey was born (d. 1932). British writer and biographer.
• 1881 – Foi fundada a Livraria Lello & Irmão.
• 1884 – Isaac Todhunter dies (b. 1820). English mathematician.
• 1886 – Anglo-Chinese School, Singapore is founded by Bishop William Oldham.
• 1886 – Oskar Kokoschka was born (d. 1980). Austrian painter, graphic artist, and poet, (Erasmus Prize 1960).
• 1888 – Ewart Astill was born (d. 1948). English cricketer.
• 1889 – Watsuji Tetsuro was born (d. 1960). Japanese ethicist and philosopher.
• 1890 – Benito Quinquela Martín was born. Argentine artist.
• 1891 – Se firma en España el laudo arbitral sobre los límites entre Venezuela y Colombia.
• 1892 – Ryunosuke Akutagawa was born (d. 1927). Japanese writer.
• 1893 – Mercedes de Acosta was born (d. 1968). American poet, playwright, costume designer, and socialite.
• 1894 – Na primeira eleição direta para presidente do Brasil, o País elege Prudente de Morais.
• 1896 – Dimitri Mitropoulos was born (d. 1960). Greek conductor, pianist, and composer.
• 1896 – Battle of Adowa, in which Ethiopia defended its independence against Italy, begins.
• 1896 – The Italian invasion, with 100,000 troops, was defeated.
• 1896 – Henri Becquerel discovers radioactivity.
• 1896 – Dimitri Mitropoulos was born (d. 1960). Greek conductor, pianist, and composer.
• 1896 – Moriz Seeler was born (d. 1942). German writer, poet, film producer, and man of the theatre.
• 1898 – Campos Salles, candidato único, é eleito Presidente da República (Brasil).
• 1898 – George Bruce Malleson dies (b. 1825). English officer in India, author.
• 1899 – In Afghanistan Capt. George Roos-Keppel makes a sudden attack on a predatory band of Chamkannis that have been raiding in the Kurram Valley and captures 100 prisoners with 3,000 head of cattle.
• 1899 – Erich von dem Bach was born (d. 1972). Nazi official.
• 1901 – Pietro Spiggia was born. Italian poet.
• 1902 – Rodrigues Alves vencia as eleições presidenciais do Brasil, sucedendo a Campos Salles.
• 1904 – Glenn Miller was born. American bandleader: Moonlight Serenade, In the Mood, Little Brown Jug, Chattanooga Choo-Choo, String of Pearls, Tuxedo Junction, Perfidia; led WWII U.S. Army Air Force Band; presumed dead after his plane disappeared over the English Channel ( Dec 15, 1944) .
• 1905 – Aparece en Argentina el diario “La Razón”, fundado por Emilio Morales.
• 1906 – Pham Văn Ðong was born (d. 2000). Prime Minister of North Vietnam.
• 1906 – José María de Pereda dies. Spanish novelist.
• 1906 – Manuel Félix Ribeiro was born in Veiros do Alentejo (d. 28 Apr 1982). Portuguese cinematographer, and founder of Cinemateca Portuguesa.
• 1910 – David Niven was born (d. 29 Jul 1983) English actor, (Academy Award-winning actor: Separate Tables [1958]; The Moon is Blue, Paper Tiger, The Pink Panther, The Guns of Navarone, Around the World in 80 Days, Casino Royale ) .
• 1910 – Archer John Porter Martin was born (d. 2002). English chemist who won in 1952 with (R. L. M. Synge) the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for development of paper partition chromatography using two different liquids moving at right angles .
• 1910 – No Brasil, Marechal Hermes é eleito presidente, vencendo Rui Barbosa, por 403 mil a 223 mil votos.
• 1911 – Jacobus Henricus van ‘t Hoff dies (b. 1852). Dutch physical and organic chemist, the winner of the first Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
• 1912 – George Grossmith dies (b. 1847). English actor and comic writer, best remembered for his work with Gilbert & Sullivan.
• 1912 – Albert Berry makes the first parachute jump from a moving airplane.
• 1912 – Georg Ritter von Trapp, head of the famous Austrian singing family memorialized in the musical The Sound of Music marries Agathe.
• 1914 – The Republic of China joins the Universal Postal Union.
• 1914 – Ralph Ellison was born (d. 1994). American writer.
• 1914 – Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto dies (b. 1845) .
• 1914 – Jorge Newbery dies in an aviation crash near Mendoza. Argentinean pilot of fixed-wing aircraft.
• 1917 – Robert Lowell was born (d. 1977). American poet.
• 1917 – Harry Caray was born (d. 1998). American sports broadcaster.
• 1917 – U.S. government releases the plaintext of the Zimmermann Telegram to the public.
• 1917 – Japanese city Omuta, Fukuoka is founded.
• 1918 – German submarine Unterseeboot 19 (U-19) sinks HMS Calgarian off Rathlin Island.
• 1918 – Gladys Noon Spellman, American politician
• 1918 – Joao Goulart was born (d. 1976). President of Brazil (1961-March 31, 1964)
• 1918 – Roger Delgado was born (d. 1973). British actor.
• 1919 – March 1st Movement against Japanese colonial rule in Korea.
• 1919 – Entra en vigor en Uruguay la nueva Constitución redactada por la Asamblea Constituye .
• 1920 – Howard Nemerov was born (d. 1991). American poet.
• 1920 – Max Bentley was born (d. 1984). Canadian hockey player.
• 1920 – John H. Bankhead dies (b. 1842). United States Senator.
• 1920 – Joseph Trumpeldor dies (b. 1880). Early Zionist activist.
• 1921 – The city Kiryu, located in Gunma, Japan, is founded.
• 1921 – Richard Wilbur was born. American poet.
• 1921 – Terence Cardinal Cooke was born (d. 1983). Tenth bishop (seventh archbishop) of the Roman Catholic diocese of New York.
• 1922 – Yitzhak Rabin was born (d. 1995). Prime Minister of Israel (1992-1995). Nobel 1994.
• 1922 – William Gaines was born (d. 1992). American publisher, founder of MAD Magazine.
• 1922 – Rafael Moreno Aranzadi (Pichichi) dies (b. 1892). Spanish football player.
• 1923 – Rui Barbosa dies. Brazilian politician.
• 1923 – Kuczka Péter was born (d. 1999). Hungarian writer, poet and Science Fiction editor (d. 1999)
• 1924 – Deke Slayton was born (d. 1993). Astronaut.
• 1924 – China: los comunistas son admitidos en el Kuomintang.
• 1924 – Louise-Marie Amélie dies (b. 1858). Daughter of Leopold II of Belgium, wife of Prince Philipp of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
• 1925 – Em Lisboa, Abílio Nunes dos Santos Júnior realizou as primeiras emissões regulares de rádio neste dia.
• 1926 – Robert Clary was born. French actor.
• 1926 – Alvin “Pete” Rozelle was born (d. 1996). Commissioner of American football.
• 1926 – Cesare Danova was born (d. 1992). Italian-born American TV and film actor.
• 1926 – Camilo Pessanha dies (b. 1867). Portuguese poet / Morreu de tuberculose o poeta português Camilo de Almeida Pessanha (Clepsidra) (n. em Coimbra em 1867) .
• 1926 – Alvin “Pete” Rozelle was born (d. 1996). Commissioner of the National Football League (NFL).
• 1927 – Rui de Carvalho was born. Portuguese actor.
• 1927 – Harry Belafonte was born. American musician and actor.
• 1927 – Robert Bork was born. American law professor.
• 1928 – Jacques Rivette was born. French director.
• 1928 – Dr. Seymour Papert was born. South African mathematician, artificial intelligence researcher. Computer scientist who invented the Logo computer programming language, an educational computer programming language for children.
• 1929 – Georgi Markov was born (d. 1978). Bulgarian dissident.
• 1930 – Gastone Nencini was born (d. 1980). Italian cyclist.
• 1932 – The son of Charles Lindbergh, Charles Augustus Lindbergh III, is kidnapped in New Jersey; found dead May 12 .
• 1932 – Se funda el Danubio Footbal Club, de Montevideo, Uruguay.
• 1932 – Frank Teschemacher dies. American jazz clarinetist and alto-saxophonist .
• 1932 – Ramón Casas dies. Spanish painter.
• 1934 – Henry Pu Yi was crowned emperor Kang Teh of Manchuria.
• 1935 – Robert Conrad was born. American actor.
• 1936 – Hoover Dam is completed.
• 1936 – Monique Bégin was born. French Canadian politician.
• 1936 – Jean-Edern Hallier was born (d. 1997). French author.
• 1936 – Mikhail Kuzmin dies (b. 1871). Russian writer.
• 1937 – Jed Allan was born. American actor.
• 1938 – Gabriele D’Annunzio dies (b. 1863). Italian poet, dramatist, daredevil, war hero and politician.
• 1939 – Warren Davis was born, The Monotones.
• 1939 – Leo Brouwer was born. Cuban composer and guitarist.
• 1940 – 12th Academy Awards: “Gone with the Wind”, Robert Donat & Vivien Leigh win.
• 1940 – Anton Hansen Tammsaare dies (b. 1878). Estonian author.
• 1941 – World War II: Bulgaria signs the Tripartite Pact thus joining the Axis powers.
• 1941 – W47NV (now known as WSM-FM) begins operations in Nashville, Tennessee becoming the first FM radio station.
• 1942 – Richard Bowman Myers was born. General of the United States Air Force, Chairman of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff.
• 1943 – World War II: Battle of Bismarck Sea begins.
• 1943 – Gil Amelio was born. American CEO of National Semiconductor and Apple Computer and venture capitalist.
• 1943 – Akinori Nakayama was born. Japanese gymnast.
• 1943 – Richard H. Price was born. American physicist.
• 1943 – Rashid Sunyaev was born. Russian physicist.
• 1943 – Alexandre Yersin dies. (b. 1863) Swiss physician.
• 1944 – Roger Daltrey was born. English rock musician (The Who)( Pinball Wizard, Won’t Get Fooled Again; solo: Without Your Love, Giving It All Away; actor: Tommy, Lisztomania, The Legacy and McVicar).
• 1944 – Mike D’Abo was born. Rock vocalist of band Mannfred Mann.
• 1944 – John Breaux was born. United States Senator from Louisiana.
• 1945 – Dirk Benedict was born. American movie and television actor.
• 1945 – O Irão declarou guerra ao Japão e à Alemanha.
• 1946 – Panamá accepts its new constitution.
• 1946 – The Bank of England is nationalised.
• 1946 – Lana Wood was born. American actress.
• 1946 – Gerry Boulet was born (d. 1990). French rock singer.
• 1946 – Elvin Bethea was born. American football player.
• 1947 – The International Monetary Fund begins financial operations.
• 1947 – Alan Thicke was born. Canadian actor and songwriter.
  1947 – Tomás Berreta is elected President of Uruguay.
• 1948 – Winston Rodney, aka Burning Spear, was born, Jamaican roots rock reggae singer and musician.
• 1949 – Indonesia seizes Yogyakarta from the Dutch.
• 1949 – Ripley’s Believe It Or Not! debuts on Television.
• 1950 – Chiang Kai-shek resumed the Presidency of National China on Formosa.
• 1950 – Alfred Korzybski dies (b. 3 July 1879). Polish-born American scientist and philosopher.
• 1950 – Cold War: Klaus Fuchs is convicted of spying for the Soviet Union by giving them top secret atomic bomb data.
• 1952 – Egyptian government-Ali Maher Pasja resigns.
• 1952 – Steven Barnes was born. Science fiction writer.
• 1952 – Martin O’Neill was born. Northern Irish footballer and football manager.
• 1952 – Mariano Azuela dies (b. 1873). Mexican novelist.
• 1953 – Richard Bruton was born. Irish Fine Gael politician and economist.
• 1953 – Joseph Stalin collapses, having suffered a stroke. He dies four days later.
• 1953 – Evacuación de las últimas tropas británicas de la India.
• 1953 – Carlos Queiroz was born. Portuguese football manager.
• 1954 – Nuclear testing: The Castle Bravo, a 15-megaton hydrogen bomb, was detonated on Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean, resulting in the worst radioactive contamination ever caused by the United States.
• 1954 – Puerto Rican nationalists attack the United States Capitol building, injuring five Representatives.
• 1954 – Ron Howard was born. American actor, director, producer (Emmy Award-winning producer: From the Earth to the Moon [1998]; actor: The Andy Griffith Show, Happy Days, American Graffiti; director: Night Shift, Splash, Cocoon, Backdraft, Apollo 13).
• 1954 – Catherine Bach was born. American actress.
• 1955 – Allen Fieldhouse at the University of Kansas hosts its first college basketball game.
• 1955 – Na África do Sul, o apartheid foi alargado ao ensino primário.
• 1956 – The International Air Transport Association finalises a draft of the Radiotelephony spelling alphabet for the International Civil Aviation Organization.
• 1956 – Promulgación en Guatemala de una nueva Constitución.
• 1956 – Timothy Daly was born. American actor.
• 1958 – Bertrand Piccard was born. Swiss balloonist and psychiatrist.
• 1958 – Chosei Komatsu was born. Japanese conductor.
• 1958 – Nik Kershaw was born in Bristol England, singer/songwriter (Wouldn’t it be Good).
• 1958 – Samuel Alphonsus Stritch, appointed Pro-Perfect of the Propagation of Faith and thus becomes the first American member of the Roman Curia.
• 1961 – President of the United States John F. Kennedy establishes the Peace Corps.
• 1961 – First elections held in Uganda and it becomes self-governing.
• 1962 – Antonio Harrison is elected President of Uruguay.
• 1962 – O Paquistão anuncia uma nova constituição, estabelecendo um sistema de governo presidencialista.
• 1962 – American Airlines Flight 1 crashes on take off in New York.
• 1963 – Dan Michaels was born. Producer, saxophonist, member of the rock band The Choir and also The Swirling Eddies, owner of Galaxy21 Music.
• 1963 – Thomas Anders was born. German singer (Modern Talking).
• 1963 – Ron Francis was born. Canadian ice hockey player.
• 1963 – Irish Meusel dies (b. 1893). American baseball player.
• 1964 – Paul Le Guen was born. French football manager.
• 1964 – Khalid Shaikh Mohammed was born, suspected military head of Osama bin Laden‘s al-Qaeda (his birth date is also reported to be April 14, 1965).
• 1965 – Un terremoto causa la muerte de 400 personas en Valparaíso (Chile).
• 1965 – Booker Huffman was born. American professional wrestler.
• 1965 – Stewart Elliott was born. Canadian jockey.
• 1966 – Venera 3 Soviet space probe crashes on Venus becoming the first spacecraft to land on another planet‘s surface.
• 1966 – The Ba’ath Party takes power in Syria.
• 1966 – Horacio Acavallo gana el título mundial de boxeo al vencer a Takayama.
• 1966 – Fritz Houtermans dies (b. 1903). German physicist.
• 1967 – Aron Winter was born. Dutch soccer player.
• 1967 – George Eads was born. American actor.
• 1968 – Country music stars Johnny Cash and June Carter got married on this day.
• 1969 – During a performance at Miami‘s Dinner Key Auditorium, Jim Morrison of the Doors is arrested for exposing himself during the show. Morrison is officially charged with lewd and lascivious behavior, indecent behavior, open profanity and public drunkenness.
• 1969 – John Kerry officially leaves active duty in Vietnam.
• 1969 – Javier Bardem was born. Spanish actor.
• 1969 – Dafydd Ieuan was born. Welsh drummer with the band Super Furry Animals.
• 1969 – Litefoot was born. Native American rapper.
• 1969 – Doug Creek was born. Baseball player.
• 1970 – Shaun Pollock was born. South African cricketer.
• 1970 – Lucille Hegamin dies (b. 1894). American singer and entertainer.
• 1971 – A bomb explodes in men’s room in the White House – Weather Underground claims responsibility.
• 1971 – Pakistani President Yahya Khan indefinitely postponed the pending national assembly session, precipitating massive civil disobedience in East Pakistan.
• 1971 – Tyler Hamilton was born. American cyclist.
• 1972 – Thai province of Yasothon created after being split off from the Ubon Ratchathani province.
• 1973 – Black September terrorists stormed the Saudi embassy in Khartoum, Sudan resulting in the Khartoum diplomatic assassinations.
• 1973 – Ryan Peake was born. Guitarist with the band Nickelback.
• 1973 – Chris Webber was born. American basketball player.
• 1973 – Carlo Resoort was born. Dutch trance DJ.
• 1974 – The Ethiopian government of Makonnen Endelkacaw (1927-1974) formed.
• 1974 – Mark-Paul Gosselaar was born. American actor.
• 1974 – Bobby Timmons dies (b. 1935). Jazz pianist.
• 1974 – Watergate scandal: Seven are indicted for their role in the Watergate break-in and charged with conspiracy to obstruct justice.
• 1975 – Colour television transmissions begin in Australia.
• 1975 – 17th Grammy Awards: I Honestly Love You, Marvin Hamlisch win.
• 1976 – Bradford Bishop bludgeoned his mother, spouse and three children to death and is still at large.
• 1976 – Peter Bell was born. Australian AFL player.
• 1977 – Rens Blom was born. Dutch athlete.
• 1977 – Esther Cañadas was born. Spanish actress and supermodel.
• 1978 – Charlie Chaplin‘s coffin is stolen from a Swiss cemetery.
• 1978 – Jensen Ackles was born. American actor.
• 1978 – Alicia Leigh Willis was born. American actress.
• 1979 – Mustafa Barzani dies (b. 1903). Leader of Kurdistan Democratic Party.
• 1979 – España: elecciones generales. Vence la Unión de Centro Democrático de Adolfo Suárez.
• 1980 – Dixie Dean was born (d. 1907). English footballer.
• 1980 – Wilhelmina dies (b. 1940). High-fashion model and owner of model agency.
• 1980 – Voyager 1 probe confirms that Janus (moon of Saturn) exists.
• 1980 – Djimi Traore was born. Malian footballer
• 1980 – Shahid Afridi was born. Pakistani cricketer.
• 1981 – Adam LaVorgna was born. American actor.
• 1981 – Ana Hickmann was born. Brazilian supermodel.
• 1981 – Brad Winchester was born. American ice hockey player.
• 1981 – Daniel Ortega es nombrado coordinador de la Junta de Gobierno de Nicaragua.
• 1981 – Will Power was born. Australian racing driver.
• 1983 – Swatch introduce their first timepieces.
• 1983 – Daniel Carvalho was born. Brazilian soccer player.
• 1983 – Blake Hawksworth was born. Canadian baseball player.
• 1983 – Chris Hackett was born. English footballer.
• 1983 – Elan Sara DeFan was born. Mexican singer-songwriter.
• 1984 – Alexander Steen was born. Canadian-born Swedish ice hockey player.
• 1984 – Naima Mora was born. American model.
• 1984 – Jackie Coogan dies (b. 1914). American actor.
• 1985 – A Suécia foi a primeira nação a legislar sobre a inseminação artificial.
• 1985 – Julio Maria Sanguinetti sworns as President of Uruguay.
• 1985 – Andreas Ottl was born. German footballer.
• 1988 – Katija Pevec was born. American actress.
• 1988 – Joe Besser dies (b. 1907). Member of the Three Stooges.
• 1989 – The United States becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
• 1989 – Carlos Vela was born. Mexican footballer.
• 1989 – Sonya Kitchell was born. American singer.
• 1990 – Steve Jackson Games is raided by the United States Secret Service, prompting the later formation of the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
• 1991 – España: el Tribunal Constitucional exige el idioma catalán para los funcionarios de la Generalidad de Cataluña.
• 1991 – Edwin H. Land dies (b. 1909). American inventor and physicist whose one-step process for devoloping and printing photographs culminated in a revolution in photography unparalleled since the advent of roll film. He found the Polaroid Company.
• 1992 – Bosnia-Herzegovina declara su independencia de Yugoslavia.
• 1993 – Luis Kutner dies (b. 1908). American human rights activist, co-founded Amnesty International in 1961.
• 1994 – Nace la Europa de los Quince: Suecia, Austria y Finlandia se incorporan como nuevos socios de la Unión Europea.
• 1994 – At the 36th Grammy Awards: Whitney Houston won best female pop vocalist and record of year for “I Will Always Love You” “The Bodyguard” won album of the year and Toni Braxton os the best new artist.
• 1994 – Martti Ahtisaari inaugurated as President of Finland.
• 1994 – Seattle grunge band Nirvana play their last show in Munich, Germany.
• 1995 – At the 37 th Grammy Awards in Los Angeles, Sheryl Crow won record of the year for “All I Wanna Do” while Tony Bennett’s “MTV Unplugged” was named best album.
• 1995 – Polish Prime Minister Waldemar Pawlak resigns from parliament and is replaced by ex-communist Józef Oleksy.
• 1995 – Daniel Sleator announces his intentions to commercialize the Internet Chess Server (ICS) himself, renames it the Internet Chess Club, or ICC, and charges a yearly membership fee of $49 to howls of protest.
• 1995 – Vitaly Massol resigned as Ukraine premier.
• 1995 – Julio Maria Sanguinetti was sworn in as President of Uruguay.
• 1995 – Vladislav Listyev dies (b. 1956). Russian journalist, anchor, and director of ORTV.
• 1995 – Georges J.F. Köhler dies (b. 17 Apr 1946). German immunologist who in 1984, with César Milstein and Niels K. Jerne, received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his work in developing the technique for producing unlimited amounts of extremely pure proteins known as monoclonal antibodies.
• 1996 – Vergilio Ferreira dies in Lisbon. Portuguese writer. / Faleceu, em Lisboa, o escritor Vergílio Ferreira (n. 1916). Foi sepultado em Melo, concelho de Gouveia “virado para a serra” como sempre desejou.
• 1998 – Cláudio Villas-Boas dies (b. 8 Dec 1916). Brazilian anthropologist and activist whose life was dedicated to the search for and protection of the country’s indigenous people as their lands were taken over and developed; he and his brother Orlando aided in the creation of the Xingu National Park reservation in 1961 and the National Indian Foundation six years later.
• 1999 – Hutu rebels kill eight tourists in Uganda.
• 1999 – The Convention on the Prohibition of Anti-Personnel Mines comes into force.
• 2000 – The Constitution of Finland is rewritten.
• 2000 – Hans Blix assumes the position of Executive Chairman of UNMOVIC.
• 2000 – Dennis Danell dies. Guitarist of band Social Distortion.
• 2002 – U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: In eastern Afghanistan, Operation Anaconda begins.
• 2002 – The Envisat environmental satellite successfully reaches an orbit 800km above the Earth on its 11th launch, carrying the heaviest payload to date at 8500kg.
• 2002 – Space Shuttle Columbia flies Hubble Space Telescope service mission (STS-109).
• 2002 – Peseta discontinued as official currency of Spain and is replaced with the euro (€).
• 2003 – In Brazil a truce between landless farmworkers and President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva peace ended, when some 1,000 landless farmers occupied a ranch 80 miles west of Sao Paulo.
• 2003 – Camacho Costa dies (b. 1946). Portuguese actor.
• 2003 – Fidel Sánchez Hernández dies (b. 1917). President of El Salvador (1967-1972).
• 2003 – the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, the United States Customs Service, and the United States Secret Service moves to the United States Department of Homeland Security.
• 2004 – Jean-Bertrand Aristide, former President of Haiti, announces that his resignation on February 29 was forced, and that he was forced to leave the country by American soldiers.
• 2004 – Terry Nichols convicted of state murder charges and accomplice to the Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh has his trial started in McAlester, Oklahoma.
• 2004 – Punycode adopted by the national registrars of Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
• 2004 – Mohammed Bahr al-Uloum becomes President of Iraq.
• 2005 – Dr. Tabare Vazquez (65) took office as Uruguay’s first socialist president.
• 2005 – In Geneva, Switzerland, Edouard Stern, French financier and former Lazard banker, was found dead in his home. Swiss police later arrested Cecile Brossard (36), his French lover, who allegedly confessed to the sex-related killing of banker Edouard Stern
• 2006 – Tarja Halonen is inaugurated as president of Finland for the second time.
• 2006 – Queen Elizabeth II officially opens the new debating chamber for the National Assembly for Wales in Cardiff, a milestone in devolution.
• 2006 – The first confirmed case of H5N1 bird flu virus in Switzerland, a dead swan on Lake Geneva, near the city of Geneva.
• 2006 – English-language Wikipedia reaches its one millionth article, Jordanhill railway station.
• 2006 – Fernando Tavares Rodrigues dies (b. 7 Mar 1954). Portuguese poet, journalist and essayst.
• 2006 – Peter Osgood dies (b. 1947). English footballer.
• 2006 – Jack Wild dies (b. 1952). English actor.
• 2006 – Harry Browne dies (b. 1933). American politician and author.
• 2006 – Johnny Jackson dies (b. 1951). American musician.
• 2007 – Tornadoes swarm across the southern United States, killing at least 20; eight of the deaths were at a high school in Enterprise, Alabama.
• 2007 – “Squatters” are evicted from Ungdomshuset in Copenhagen, Denmark, provoking the March 2007 Denmark Riots.
• 2007 – Manuel Bento dies in Barreiro (b. Golegã, 25 Jun. 1948). Portuguese international footballer (goalkeeper of Benfica).
• Labour day – Western Australia.
• Self Injury Awareness Day
• Wales – Saint David’s Day
• Korea – Independence Movement Day
• Bosnia and Herzegovina – Independence Day
• Bulgaria – Baba Marta (мартеница)
• Clean Up Australia Day 2009

On this day in History – Mar. 01

• 86 BC – Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army, enters in Athens, removing the tyrant Aristion who was supported by troops of Mithridates VI of Pontus.
• 0286 – Roman Emperor Diocletian rises Maximian to the rank of Caesar.
• 0293 – Roman Emperors Diocletian and Maximian appoint Constantius Chlorus and Galerius as Caesares, thus beginning the Tetrarchy.
• 0317 – Crispus and Constantine II, sons of Roman Emperor Constantine I, and Licinius iunior, son of Emperor Licinius, are made Caesares
• 0492 – St. Felix III ended his reign as Catholic Pope and St Gelasius I becomes Pope (492-496).
• 0589 – Saint David dies (b. 500). Patron Saint of Wales
• 0705 – John VII begins his reign as Catholic Pope .
• 0772 – Po Tjiu-I (Bai Juyi) was born (d. 0846). Chinese poet and Governor of Hang-tsjow. His work included the narrative poem “Song of the Pipa,” which protested the social evils of his day.
• 0965 – Leo VIII dies. Italian (anti-)Pope (963-65).
• 1104/5 – Alfonso VII was born (d. 1157). king of Castile
• 1131 – King Stephen II of Hungary dies (b. 1101).
• 1160 – The city of Tomar in Portugal, is foounded.
• 1233 – Count Thomas I of Savoy dies (b. 1178).
  1244 – Gruffydd ap Llywelyn dies (b. 1200). Eldest, illegitimate son of Llywelyn the Great.
• 1383 – Amadeus VI of Savoy dies (b. 1334). Count of Savoy.
• 1445 – Sandro Botticelli was born (d. 1510). Italian painter.
• 1456 – Wladyslaw Jagiello was born. King of Bohemia (1471-1516) and Hungary (1490-1516).
• 1456 – King Ladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary was born (d. 1516).
• 1474 – Angela Merici was born (d. 1540). Italian nun.
• 1457 – The Unitas Fratrum is established in the village of Kunvald, on the Bohemian-Moravian borderland. It is to date the second oldest Protestant denomination.
• 1493 – La carabela “La Pinta” atraca en el puerto de Bayona (Pontevedra) de regreso de América. Se dio la primicia del éxito de la expedición de Colón.
• 1498 – Vasco da Gama desembarca no país hoje conhecido por Moçambique, em sua viagem à Índia.
• 1510 – D. Francisco de Almeida dies (b. c. 1450). Portuguese soldier and explorer who was the first Portuguese Vice-Roy of India.
• 1536 – Bernardo Accolti dies (b. 1465) Italian poet.
• 1546 – George Wishart dies (b. 1513). Scottish religious reformer.
• 1547 – Rudolph Goclenius dies (b. 1628). German philosopher.
• 1562 – Over 1,000 Huguenots are massacred by Catholics in Vassy, France marking the start of the French Wars of Religion.
• 1565 – The city of Rio de Janeiro is founded.
• 1591 – Pope Gregory XIV threatened to excommunicate French king Henri IV.
• 1597 – Jean-Charles de la Faille was born (d. 1652). Belgian mathematician.
• 1611 – John Pell was born (d. 1685) . English mathematician who introduced the division sign (obelus, ÷) into England. The obelus was first used by Johann Rahn (1622-1676) in 1659 in Teutsche Algebra.
• 1620 – Thomas Campion dies (b. 1567). English poet and composer.
• 1628 – Writs are issued in February by Charles I of England that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay ship tax by this date.
• 1633 – Samuel de Champlain reclaims his role as commander of New France on behalf of Cardinal Richelieu.
• 1633 – George Herbert dies (b. 1593). English poet and orator.
• 1642 – Georgeana, Massachusetts (now known as York, Maine) becomes the first incorporated city in America.
• 1643 – Girolamo Frescobaldi dies (b. 1583). Italian keyboard composer.
• 1647 – S. João de Brito was born (d. 4 Feb 1693). Portuguese martyr.
• 1657 – Samuel Werenfels was born (d. 1740). Swiss theologian.
• 1661 – Richard Zouch dies (b. 1590). English jurist.
• 1683 – Caroline of Ansbach dies (b. 1737). Wife of George II of Great Britain.
• 1692 – The Salem witch trials begin in Salem Village, Massachusetts Bay Colony with the charging of four women with witchcraft.
• 1697 – Francesco Redi dies (b. 1626). Italian physician.
• 1700 – Sweden introduces its own Swedish calendar, in an attempt to reform into the Gregorian calendar, then reverts to the Julian calendar on this date in 1712, and then introduces the Gregorian Calendar on this date in 1753.
• 1706 – Heino Heinrich Graf von Flemming dies (b. 1632). German field marshal and Governor of Berlin.
• 1732 – William Cushing was born (d. 1810). 2nd (confirmed) Chief Justice of the United States.
• 1734 – Roger North dies (b. 1653). English biographer.
• 1757 – Edward Moore dies (b. 1712). English writer.
• 1760 – François Nicolas Leonard Buzot was born (d. 1794). French revolutionary.
• 1767 – Carlos III expulsa os Jesuítas de Espanha.
• 1768 – Hermann Samuel Reimarus dies (b. 1694). German philosopher and writer.
• 1769 – François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers was born (b. 1794). French general.
• 1773 – Luigi Vanvitelli dies (b. 1700). Italian architect.
• 1777 – Georg Christoph Wagenseil dies (b. 1715). Austrian composer.
• 1781 – The Continental Congress adopts the Articles of Confederation.
• 1790 – The first United States census is authorized.
• 1792 – Leopold II dies (b. 1747). Holy Roman Emperor.
• 1799 – Coalición de Gran Bretaña, Austria y Rusia contra Francia.
• 1802 – Se inaugura en Buenos Aires la Escuela de Medicina.
• 1803 – Ohio is admitted as the 17th U.S. state, retroactive from August 7, 1953.
• 1805 – Justice Samuel Chase acquitted of impeachment charges by the U.S. Senate.
• 1807 – Wilford Woodruff was born (b. 1898). President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
• 1810 – Frédéric Chopin was born (d. 1849). Polish-French composer and pianist.
• 1811 – Leaders of the Mameluke dynasty are killed by Egyptian ruler Muhammad Ali.
• 1812 – Augustus Pugin was born (d. 1852). English-born architect.
• 1815 – Napoleon returns to France from his banishment on Elba.
• 1819 – USS Columbus launched.
• 1821 – Joseph Hubert Reinkens was born (d. 1896). German Old Catholic bishop.
• 1826 – Dom João VI dies (b. 1767). King of Portugal.
• 1828 – En la guerra entre salvadoreños y guatemaltecos, éstos derrotan al Ejército de El Salvador en la batalla de Chalchuapa.
• 1836 – A Convention of delegates from 57 Texas communities convenes in Washington-on-the-Brazos to deliberate independence from Mexico.
• 1837 – William Dean Howells was born (d. 1920). American writer, historian, editor, politician.
• 1840 – Adolphe Thiers becomes prime minister of France.
• 1841 – Claude Victor-Perrin, duc de Belluno dies (b. 1764). French marshal.
• 1842 – Fermin Salvochea was born in Cadiz (d. 27 Sep 1907). Spanish anarchist.
• 1843 – Zürich issues stamps, making it the second type of stamp in the world.
• 1843 – Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco se declara en Lima Director Supremo de la República de Perú.
• 1845 – President John Tyler signs a bill authorizing the United States to annex the Republic of Texas.
• 1847 – The state of Michigan formally abolishes the death penalty.
• 1848 – Augustus Saint-Gaudens was born (d. 1907). Irish-born American sculptor.
• 1851 – Victor Hugo gives speech at the French national assembly and uses the phrase United States of Europe several times.
• 1852 – Archibald William Montgomerie, 13th Earl of Eglinton appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland .
• 1852 – Comienza en Uruguay la presidencia de Juan Francisco Giró, apoyado por el Partido Blanco.
• 1852 – Théophile Delcassé was born (d. 1923). French statesman.
• 1854 – German pyschologist Friedrich Eduard Beneke disappears; two years later his remains are found in the canal near Charlottenburg.
• 1858 – Julián Castro ocupa la Presidencia de Venezuela.
• 1858 – Georg Simmel was born (d. 1918). German sociologist and philosopher.
• 1862 – Peter Barlow dies (b. 1776). English mathematician.
• 1863 – Alexander Golovin was born (d. 1930). Russian painter.
• 1865 – Abe Iso was born (d. 1949). Japanese politician.
• 1867 – Nebraska becomes the 37th U.S. state; Lancaster, Nebraska is renamed Lincoln and becomes the state capital.
• 1868 – Pi Kappa Alpha Fraternity founded at the University of Virginia.
• 1870 – Francisco Solano López dies in Battle of Cerro Corá (b. 24 Jul 1827). President of Paraguay.
• 1871 – Napoleón III es depuesto como emperador de Francia.
• 1871 – Ben Harney was born (d. 1938). American composer and ragtime pianist.
• 1872 – Yellowstone National Park is established as the world’s first national park.
• 1873 – E. Remington and Sons in Ilion, New York, start production of the first practical typewriter.
• 1873 – Henry Comstock discovers the Comstock Lode in Virgina City, Nevada.
• 1873 – José Ellausi accede a la Presidencia de la República de Uruguay.
• 1875 – Tristan Corbière dies (b. 1845). French poet.
• 1876 – Henri de Baillet-Latour was born (d. 1942). Belgian IOC president.
• 1879 – Bolivia declara la guerra a Chile, en la que el primero de estos países perdió todo su litoral del Pacífico.
• 1879 – Aparece la segunda parte de Martín Fierro, popularmente conocida como “La vuelta”.
• 1879 – Joachim Heer dies (b. 1825). Swiss politician.
• 1880 – Sir Isaac Shoenberg was born (d. 25 Jan 1963). Russian-Born British electrical engineer and principal inventor of the first high-definition television system, as used by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) for the world’s first public high-definition telecast (from London, 1936).
• 1880 – Giles Lytton Strachey was born (d. 1932). British writer and biographer.
• 1881 – Foi fundada a Livraria Lello & Irmão.
• 1884 – Isaac Todhunter dies (b. 1820). English mathematician.
• 1886 – Anglo-Chinese School, Singapore is founded by Bishop William Oldham.
• 1886 – Oskar Kokoschka was born (d. 1980). Austrian painter, graphic artist, and poet, (Erasmus Prize 1960).
• 1888 – Ewart Astill was born (d. 1948). English cricketer.
• 1889 – Watsuji Tetsuro was born (d. 1960). Japanese ethicist and philosopher.
• 1890 – Benito Quinquela Martín was born. Argentine artist.
• 1891 – Se firma en España el laudo arbitral sobre los límites entre Venezuela y Colombia.
• 1892 – Ryunosuke Akutagawa was born (d. 1927). Japanese writer.
• 1893 – Mercedes de Acosta was born (d. 1968). American poet, playwright, costume designer, and socialite.
• 1894 – Na primeira eleição direta para presidente do Brasil, o País elege Prudente de Morais.
• 1896 – Dimitri Mitropoulos was born (d. 1960). Greek conductor, pianist, and composer.
• 1896 – Battle of Adowa, in which Ethiopia defended its independence against Italy, begins.
• 1896 – The Italian invasion, with 100,000 troops, was defeated.
• 1896 – Henri Becquerel discovers radioactivity.
• 1896 – Dimitri Mitropoulos was born (d. 1960). Greek conductor, pianist, and composer.
• 1896 – Moriz Seeler was born (d. 1942). German writer, poet, film producer, and man of the theatre.
• 1898 – Campos Salles, candidato único, é eleito Presidente da República (Brasil).
• 1898 – George Bruce Malleson dies (b. 1825). English officer in India, author.
• 1899 – In Afghanistan Capt. George Roos-Keppel makes a sudden attack on a predatory band of Chamkannis that have been raiding in the Kurram Valley and captures 100 prisoners with 3,000 head of cattle.
• 1899 – Erich von dem Bach was born (d. 1972). Nazi official.
• 1901 – Pietro Spiggia was born. Italian poet.
• 1902 – Rodrigues Alves vencia as eleições presidenciais do Brasil, sucedendo a Campos Salles.
• 1904 – Glenn Miller was born. American bandleader: Moonlight Serenade, In the Mood, Little Brown Jug, Chattanooga Choo-Choo, String of Pearls, Tuxedo Junction, Perfidia; led WWII U.S. Army Air Force Band; presumed dead after his plane disappeared over the English Channel ( Dec 15, 1944) .
• 1905 – Aparece en Argentina el diario “La Razón”, fundado por Emilio Morales.
• 1906 – Pham Văn Ðong was born (d. 2000). Prime Minister of North Vietnam.
• 1906 – José María de Pereda dies. Spanish novelist.
• 1906 – Manuel Félix Ribeiro was born in Veiros do Alentejo (d. 28 Apr 1982). Portuguese cinematographer, and founder of Cinemateca Portuguesa.
• 1910 – David Niven was born (d. 29 Jul 1983) English actor, (Academy Award-winning actor: Separate Tables [1958]; The Moon is Blue, Paper Tiger, The Pink Panther, The Guns of Navarone, Around the World in 80 Days, Casino Royale ) .
• 1910 – Archer John Porter Martin was born (d. 2002). English chemist who won in 1952 with (R. L. M. Synge) the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for development of paper partition chromatography using two different liquids moving at right angles .
• 1910 – No Brasil, Marechal Hermes é eleito presidente, vencendo Rui Barbosa, por 403 mil a 223 mil votos.
• 1911 – Jacobus Henricus van ‘t Hoff dies (b. 1852). Dutch physical and organic chemist, the winner of the first Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
• 1912 – George Grossmith dies (b. 1847). English actor and comic writer, best remembered for his work with Gilbert & Sullivan.
• 1912 – Albert Berry makes the first parachute jump from a moving airplane.
• 1912 – Georg Ritter von Trapp, head of the famous Austrian singing family memorialized in the musical The Sound of Music marries Agathe.
• 1914 – The Republic of China joins the Universal Postal Union.
• 1914 – Ralph Ellison was born (d. 1994). American writer.
• 1914 – Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto dies (b. 1845) .
• 1914 – Jorge Newbery dies in an aviation crash near Mendoza. Argentinean pilot of fixed-wing aircraft.
• 1917 – Robert Lowell was born (d. 1977). American poet.
• 1917 – Harry Caray was born (d. 1998). American sports broadcaster.
• 1917 – U.S. government releases the plaintext of the Zimmermann Telegram to the public.
• 1917 – Japanese city Omuta, Fukuoka is founded.
• 1918 – German submarine Unterseeboot 19 (U-19) sinks HMS Calgarian off Rathlin Island.
• 1918 – Gladys Noon Spellman, American politician
• 1918 – Joao Goulart was born (d. 1976). President of Brazil (1961-March 31, 1964)
• 1918 – Roger Delgado was born (d. 1973). British actor.
• 1919 – March 1st Movement against Japanese colonial rule in Korea.
• 1919 – Entra en vigor en Uruguay la nueva Constitución redactada por la Asamblea Constituye .
• 1920 – Howard Nemerov was born (d. 1991). American poet.
• 1920 – Max Bentley was born (d. 1984). Canadian hockey player.
• 1920 – John H. Bankhead dies (b. 1842). United States Senator.
• 1920 – Joseph Trumpeldor dies (b. 1880). Early Zionist activist.
• 1921 – The city Kiryu, located in Gunma, Japan, is founded.
• 1921 – Richard Wilbur was born. American poet.
• 1921 – Terence Cardinal Cooke was born (d. 1983). Tenth bishop (seventh archbishop) of the Roman Catholic diocese of New York.
• 1922 – Yitzhak Rabin was born (d. 1995). Prime Minister of Israel (1992-1995). Nobel 1994.
• 1922 – William Gaines was born (d. 1992). American publisher, founder of MAD Magazine.
• 1922 – Rafael Moreno Aranzadi (Pichichi) dies (b. 1892). Spanish football player.
• 1923 – Rui Barbosa dies. Brazilian politician.
• 1923 – Kuczka Péter was born (d. 1999). Hungarian writer, poet and Science Fiction editor (d. 1999)
• 1924 – Deke Slayton was born (d. 1993). Astronaut.
• 1924 – China: los comunistas son admitidos en el Kuomintang.
• 1924 – Louise-Marie Amélie dies (b. 1858). Daughter of Leopold II of Belgium, wife of Prince Philipp of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
• 1925 – Em Lisboa, Abílio Nunes dos Santos Júnior realizou as primeiras emissões regulares de rádio neste dia.
• 1926 – Robert Clary was born. French actor.
• 1926 – Alvin “Pete” Rozelle was born (d. 1996). Commissioner of American football.
• 1926 – Cesare Danova was born (d. 1992). Italian-born American TV and film actor.
• 1926 – Camilo Pessanha dies (b. 1867). Portuguese poet / Morreu de tuberculose o poeta português Camilo de Almeida Pessanha (Clepsidra) (n. em Coimbra em 1867) .
• 1926 – Alvin “Pete” Rozelle was born (d. 1996). Commissioner of the National Football League (NFL).
• 1927 – Rui de Carvalho was born. Portuguese actor.
• 1927 – Harry Belafonte was born. American musician and actor.
• 1927 – Robert Bork was born. American law professor.
• 1928 – Jacques Rivette was born. French director.
• 1928 – Dr. Seymour Papert was born. South African mathematician, artificial intelligence researcher. Computer scientist who invented the Logo computer programming language, an educational computer programming language for children.
• 1929 – Georgi Markov was born (d. 1978). Bulgarian dissident.
• 1930 – Gastone Nencini was born (d. 1980). Italian cyclist.
• 1932 – The son of Charles Lindbergh, Charles Augustus Lindbergh III, is kidnapped in New Jersey; found dead May 12 .
• 1932 – Se funda el Danubio Footbal Club, de Montevideo, Uruguay.
• 1932 – Frank Teschemacher dies. American jazz clarinetist and alto-saxophonist .
• 1932 – Ramón Casas dies. Spanish painter.
• 1934 – Henry Pu Yi was crowned emperor Kang Teh of Manchuria.
• 1935 – Robert Conrad was born. American actor.
• 1936 – Hoover Dam is completed.
• 1936 – Monique Bégin was born. French Canadian politician.
• 1936 – Jean-Edern Hallier was born (d. 1997). French author.
• 1936 – Mikhail Kuzmin dies (b. 1871). Russian writer.
• 1937 – Jed Allan was born. American actor.
• 1938 – Gabriele D’Annunzio dies (b. 1863). Italian poet, dramatist, daredevil, war hero and politician.
• 1939 – Warren Davis was born, The Monotones.
• 1939 – Leo Brouwer was born. Cuban composer and guitarist.
• 1940 – 12th Academy Awards: “Gone with the Wind”, Robert Donat & Vivien Leigh win.
• 1940 – Anton Hansen Tammsaare dies (b. 1878). Estonian author.
• 1941 – World War II: Bulgaria signs the Tripartite Pact thus joining the Axis powers.
• 1941 – W47NV (now known as WSM-FM) begins operations in Nashville, Tennessee becoming the first FM radio station.
• 1942 – Richard Bowman Myers was born. General of the United States Air Force, Chairman of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff.
• 1943 – World War II: Battle of Bismarck Sea begins.
• 1943 – Gil Amelio was born. American CEO of National Semiconductor and Apple Computer and venture capitalist.
• 1943 – Akinori Nakayama was born. Japanese gymnast.
• 1943 – Richard H. Price was born. American physicist.
• 1943 – Rashid Sunyaev was born. Russian physicist.
• 1943 – Alexandre Yersin dies. (b. 1863) Swiss physician.
• 1944 – Roger Daltrey was born. English rock musician (The Who)( Pinball Wizard, Won’t Get Fooled Again; solo: Without Your Love, Giving It All Away; actor: Tommy, Lisztomania, The Legacy and McVicar).
• 1944 – Mike D’Abo was born. Rock vocalist of band Mannfred Mann.
• 1944 – John Breaux was born. United States Senator from Louisiana.
• 1945 – Dirk Benedict was born. American movie and television actor.
• 1945 – O Irão declarou guerra ao Japão e à Alemanha.
• 1946 – Panamá accepts its new constitution.
• 1946 – The Bank of England is nationalised.
• 1946 – Lana Wood was born. American actress.
• 1946 – Gerry Boulet was born (d. 1990). French rock singer.
• 1946 – Elvin Bethea was born. American football player.
• 1947 – The International Monetary Fund begins financial operations.
• 1947 – Alan Thicke was born. Canadian actor and songwriter.
  1947 – Tomás Berreta is elected President of Uruguay.
• 1948 – Winston Rodney, aka Burning Spear, was born, Jamaican roots rock reggae singer and musician.
• 1949 – Indonesia seizes Yogyakarta from the Dutch.
• 1949 – Ripley’s Believe It Or Not! debuts on Television.
• 1950 – Chiang Kai-shek resumed the Presidency of National China on Formosa.
• 1950 – Alfred Korzybski dies (b. 3 July 1879). Polish-born American scientist and philosopher.
• 1950 – Cold War: Klaus Fuchs is convicted of spying for the Soviet Union by giving them top secret atomic bomb data.
• 1952 – Egyptian government-Ali Maher Pasja resigns.
• 1952 – Steven Barnes was born. Science fiction writer.
• 1952 – Martin O’Neill was born. Northern Irish footballer and football manager.
• 1952 – Mariano Azuela dies (b. 1873). Mexican novelist.
• 1953 – Richard Bruton was born. Irish Fine Gael politician and economist.
• 1953 – Joseph Stalin collapses, having suffered a stroke. He dies four days later.
• 1953 – Evacuación de las últimas tropas británicas de la India.
• 1953 – Carlos Queiroz was born. Portuguese football manager.
• 1954 – Nuclear testing: The Castle Bravo, a 15-megaton hydrogen bomb, was detonated on Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean, resulting in the worst radioactive contamination ever caused by the United States.
• 1954 – Puerto Rican nationalists attack the United States Capitol building, injuring five Representatives.
• 1954 – Ron Howard was born. American actor, director, producer (Emmy Award-winning producer: From the Earth to the Moon [1998]; actor: The Andy Griffith Show, Happy Days, American Graffiti; director: Night Shift, Splash, Cocoon, Backdraft, Apollo 13).
• 1954 – Catherine Bach was born. American actress.
• 1955 – Allen Fieldhouse at the University of Kansas hosts its first college basketball game.
• 1955 – Na África do Sul, o apartheid foi alargado ao ensino primário.
• 1956 – The International Air Transport Association finalises a draft of the Radiotelephony spelling alphabet for the International Civil Aviation Organization.
• 1956 – Promulgación en Guatemala de una nueva Constitución.
• 1956 – Timothy Daly was born. American actor.
• 1958 – Bertrand Piccard was born. Swiss balloonist and psychiatrist.
• 1958 – Chosei Komatsu was born. Japanese conductor.
• 1958 – Nik Kershaw was born in Bristol England, singer/songwriter (Wouldn’t it be Good).
• 1958 – Samuel Alphonsus Stritch, appointed Pro-Perfect of the Propagation of Faith and thus becomes the first American member of the Roman Curia.
• 1961 – President of the United States John F. Kennedy establishes the Peace Corps.
• 1961 – First elections held in Uganda and it becomes self-governing.
• 1962 – Antonio Harrison is elected President of Uruguay.
• 1962 – O Paquistão anuncia uma nova constituição, estabelecendo um sistema de governo presidencialista.
• 1962 – American Airlines Flight 1 crashes on take off in New York.
• 1963 – Dan Michaels was born. Producer, saxophonist, member of the rock band The Choir and also The Swirling Eddies, owner of Galaxy21 Music.
• 1963 – Thomas Anders was born. German singer (Modern Talking).
• 1963 – Ron Francis was born. Canadian ice hockey player.
• 1963 – Irish Meusel dies (b. 1893). American baseball player.
• 1964 – Paul Le Guen was born. French football manager.
• 1964 – Khalid Shaikh Mohammed was born, suspected military head of Osama bin Laden‘s al-Qaeda (his birth date is also reported to be April 14, 1965).
• 1965 – Un terremoto causa la muerte de 400 personas en Valparaíso (Chile).
• 1965 – Booker Huffman was born. American professional wrestler.
• 1965 – Stewart Elliott was born. Canadian jockey.
• 1966 – Venera 3 Soviet space probe crashes on Venus becoming the first spacecraft to land on another planet‘s surface.
• 1966 – The Ba’ath Party takes power in Syria.
• 1966 – Horacio Acavallo gana el título mundial de boxeo al vencer a Takayama.
• 1966 – Fritz Houtermans dies (b. 1903). German physicist.
• 1967 – Aron Winter was born. Dutch soccer player.
• 1967 – George Eads was born. American actor.
• 1968 – Country music stars Johnny Cash and June Carter got married on this day.
• 1969 – During a performance at Miami‘s Dinner Key Auditorium, Jim Morrison of the Doors is arrested for exposing himself during the show. Morrison is officially charged with lewd and lascivious behavior, indecent behavior, open profanity and public drunkenness.
• 1969 – John Kerry officially leaves active duty in Vietnam.
• 1969 – Javier Bardem was born. Spanish actor.
• 1969 – Dafydd Ieuan was born. Welsh drummer with the band Super Furry Animals.
• 1969 – Litefoot was born. Native American rapper.
• 1969 – Doug Creek was born. Baseball player.
• 1970 – Shaun Pollock was born. South African cricketer.
• 1970 – Lucille Hegamin dies (b. 1894). American singer and entertainer.
• 1971 – A bomb explodes in men’s room in the White House – Weather Underground claims responsibility.
• 1971 – Pakistani President Yahya Khan indefinitely postponed the pending national assembly session, precipitating massive civil disobedience in East Pakistan.
• 1971 – Tyler Hamilton was born. American cyclist.
• 1972 – Thai province of Yasothon created after being split off from the Ubon Ratchathani province.
• 1973 – Black September terrorists stormed the Saudi embassy in Khartoum, Sudan resulting in the Khartoum diplomatic assassinations.
• 1973 – Ryan Peake was born. Guitarist with the band Nickelback.
• 1973 – Chris Webber was born. American basketball player.
• 1973 – Carlo Resoort was born. Dutch trance DJ.
• 1974 – The Ethiopian government of Makonnen Endelkacaw (1927-1974) formed.
• 1974 – Mark-Paul Gosselaar was born. American actor.
• 1974 – Bobby Timmons dies (b. 1935). Jazz pianist.
• 1974 – Watergate scandal: Seven are indicted for their role in the Watergate break-in and charged with conspiracy to obstruct justice.
• 1975 – Colour television transmissions begin in Australia.
• 1975 – 17th Grammy Awards: I Honestly Love You, Marvin Hamlisch win.
• 1976 – Bradford Bishop bludgeoned his mother, spouse and three children to death and is still at large.
• 1976 – Peter Bell was born. Australian AFL player.
• 1977 – Rens Blom was born. Dutch athlete.
• 1977 – Esther Cañadas was born. Spanish actress and supermodel.
• 1978 – Charlie Chaplin‘s coffin is stolen from a Swiss cemetery.
• 1978 – Jensen Ackles was born. American actor.
• 1978 – Alicia Leigh Willis was born. American actress.
• 1979 – Mustafa Barzani dies (b. 1903). Leader of Kurdistan Democratic Party.
• 1979 – España: elecciones generales. Vence la Unión de Centro Democrático de Adolfo Suárez.
• 1980 – Dixie Dean was born (d. 1907). English footballer.
• 1980 – Wilhelmina dies (b. 1940). High-fashion model and owner of model agency.
• 1980 – Voyager 1 probe confirms that Janus (moon of Saturn) exists.
• 1980 – Djimi Traore was born. Malian footballer
• 1980 – Shahid Afridi was born. Pakistani cricketer.
• 1981 – Adam LaVorgna was born. American actor.
• 1981 – Ana Hickmann was born. Brazilian supermodel.
• 1981 – Brad Winchester was born. American ice hockey player.
• 1981 – Daniel Ortega es nombrado coordinador de la Junta de Gobierno de Nicaragua.
• 1981 – Will Power was born. Australian racing driver.
• 1983 – Swatch introduce their first timepieces.
• 1983 – Daniel Carvalho was born. Brazilian soccer player.
• 1983 – Blake Hawksworth was born. Canadian baseball player.
• 1983 – Chris Hackett was born. English footballer.
• 1983 – Elan Sara DeFan was born. Mexican singer-songwriter.
• 1984 – Alexander Steen was born. Canadian-born Swedish ice hockey player.
• 1984 – Naima Mora was born. American model.
• 1984 – Jackie Coogan dies (b. 1914). American actor.
• 1985 – A Suécia foi a primeira nação a legislar sobre a inseminação artificial.
• 1985 – Julio Maria Sanguinetti sworns as President of Uruguay.
• 1985 – Andreas Ottl was born. German footballer.
• 1988 – Katija Pevec was born. American actress.
• 1988 – Joe Besser dies (b. 1907). Member of the Three Stooges.
• 1989 – The United States becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
• 1989 – Carlos Vela was born. Mexican footballer.
• 1989 – Sonya Kitchell was born. American singer.
• 1990 – Steve Jackson Games is raided by the United States Secret Service, prompting the later formation of the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
• 1991 – España: el Tribunal Constitucional exige el idioma catalán para los funcionarios de la Generalidad de Cataluña.
• 1991 – Edwin H. Land dies (b. 1909). American inventor and physicist whose one-step process for devoloping and printing photographs culminated in a revolution in photography unparalleled since the advent of roll film. He found the Polaroid Company.
• 1992 – Bosnia-Herzegovina declara su independencia de Yugoslavia.
• 1993 – Luis Kutner dies (b. 1908). American human rights activist, co-founded Amnesty International in 1961.
• 1994 – Nace la Europa de los Quince: Suecia, Austria y Finlandia se incorporan como nuevos socios de la Unión Europea.
• 1994 – At the 36th Grammy Awards: Whitney Houston won best female pop vocalist and record of year for “I Will Always Love You” “The Bodyguard” won album of the year and Toni Braxton os the best new artist.
• 1994 – Martti Ahtisaari inaugurated as President of Finland.
• 1994 – Seattle grunge band Nirvana play their last show in Munich, Germany.
• 1995 – At the 37 th Grammy Awards in Los Angeles, Sheryl Crow won record of the year for “All I Wanna Do” while Tony Bennett’s “MTV Unplugged” was named best album.
• 1995 – Polish Prime Minister Waldemar Pawlak resigns from parliament and is replaced by ex-communist Józef Oleksy.
• 1995 – Daniel Sleator announces his intentions to commercialize the Internet Chess Server (ICS) himself, renames it the Internet Chess Club, or ICC, and charges a yearly membership fee of $49 to howls of protest.
• 1995 – Vitaly Massol resigned as Ukraine premier.
• 1995 – Julio Maria Sanguinetti was sworn in as President of Uruguay.
• 1995 – Vladislav Listyev dies (b. 1956). Russian journalist, anchor, and director of ORTV.
• 1995 – Georges J.F. Köhler dies (b. 17 Apr 1946). German immunologist who in 1984, with César Milstein and Niels K. Jerne, received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his work in developing the technique for producing unlimited amounts of extremely pure proteins known as monoclonal antibodies.
• 1996 – Vergilio Ferreira dies in Lisbon. Portuguese writer. / Faleceu, em Lisboa, o escritor Vergílio Ferreira (n. 1916). Foi sepultado em Melo, concelho de Gouveia “virado para a serra” como sempre desejou.
• 1998 – Cláudio Villas-Boas dies (b. 8 Dec 1916). Brazilian anthropologist and activist whose life was dedicated to the search for and protection of the country’s indigenous people as their lands were taken over and developed; he and his brother Orlando aided in the creation of the Xingu National Park reservation in 1961 and the National Indian Foundation six years later.
• 1999 – Hutu rebels kill eight tourists in Uganda.
• 1999 – The Convention on the Prohibition of Anti-Personnel Mines comes into force.
• 2000 – The Constitution of Finland is rewritten.
• 2000 – Hans Blix assumes the position of Executive Chairman of UNMOVIC.
• 2000 – Dennis Danell dies. Guitarist of band Social Distortion.
• 2002 – U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: In eastern Afghanistan, Operation Anaconda begins.
• 2002 – The Envisat environmental satellite successfully reaches an orbit 800km above the Earth on its 11th launch, carrying the heaviest payload to date at 8500kg.
• 2002 – Space Shuttle Columbia flies Hubble Space Telescope service mission (STS-109).
• 2002 – Peseta discontinued as official currency of Spain and is replaced with the euro (€).
• 2003 – In Brazil a truce between landless farmworkers and President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva peace ended, when some 1,000 landless farmers occupied a ranch 80 miles west of Sao Paulo.
• 2003 – Camacho Costa dies (b. 1946). Portuguese actor.
• 2003 – Fidel Sánchez Hernández dies (b. 1917). President of El Salvador (1967-1972).
• 2003 – the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, the United States Customs Service, and the United States Secret Service moves to the United States Department of Homeland Security.
• 2004 – Jean-Bertrand Aristide, former President of Haiti, announces that his resignation on February 29 was forced, and that he was forced to leave the country by American soldiers.
• 2004 – Terry Nichols convicted of state murder charges and accomplice to the Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh has his trial started in McAlester, Oklahoma.
• 2004 – Punycode adopted by the national registrars of Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
• 2004 – Mohammed Bahr al-Uloum becomes President of Iraq.
• 2005 – Dr. Tabare Vazquez (65) took office as Uruguay’s first socialist president.
• 2005 – In Geneva, Switzerland, Edouard Stern, French financier and former Lazard banker, was found dead in his home. Swiss police later arrested Cecile Brossard (36), his French lover, who allegedly confessed to the sex-related killing of banker Edouard Stern
• 2006 – Tarja Halonen is inaugurated as president of Finland for the second time.
• 2006 – Queen Elizabeth II officially opens the new debating chamber for the National Assembly for Wales in Cardiff, a milestone in devolution.
• 2006 – The first confirmed case of H5N1 bird flu virus in Switzerland, a dead swan on Lake Geneva, near the city of Geneva.
• 2006 – English-language Wikipedia reaches its one millionth article, Jordanhill railway station.
• 2006 – Fernando Tavares Rodrigues dies (b. 7 Mar 1954). Portuguese poet, journalist and essayst.
• 2006 – Peter Osgood dies (b. 1947). English footballer.
• 2006 – Jack Wild dies (b. 1952). English actor.
• 2006 – Harry Browne dies (b. 1933). American politician and author.
• 2006 – Johnny Jackson dies (b. 1951). American musician.
• 2007 – Manuel Bento dies in Barreiro (b. Golegã, 25 Jun. 1948). Portuguese international footballer (goalkeeper of Benfica).
• Labour day – Western Australia.
• World Day of Prayer
• Self Injury Awareness Day
• Wales – Saint David’s Day
• Independence Day in Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Korea – Independence Movement Day
• Bosnia and Herzegovina – Independence Day
• Bulgaria – Baba Marta (мартеница)

From blog Nothingandall