On this day in History – Mar. 15

• 44 BC – Ides of March: Julius Caesar (b. 100 BC) General of the Roman Republic, is assassinated by a group of Roman senators.
• 0076 Hadrian, was born, Roman Emperor (builder of Hadrian’s Wall) .
• 0220 – Cao Cao曹操, King of the Kingdom of Wei dies .
• 0493 – Odoacer, King of Italy, dies (murdered by Theoderic the Great), (b. 435) .
• 1147 – Santarém foi tomada aos Mouros, por D. Afonso Henriques .
• 1416 – Falecimento de João, Duque de Berry .
• 1493 – Christopher Columbus returns to Spain after his first trip to the Americas.
• 1519 – Batalla de Centla o segunda batalla de Tabasco, en la que Hernán Cortés obtiene una victoria decisiva para la conquista de México.
• 1545 – First meeting of the Council of Trent .
• 1638 – Shunzhi Emperor of China was born.
• 1672 – Charles II of England issues the Royal Declaration of Indulgence.
• 1673 – Salvatore Rosa dies at 57. Italian painter (Baroque)/poet/music/actor .
• 1738 – Cesare Beccaria, letterato e giurista italiano († 1794) .
• 1767 – Andrew Jackson, was born, 7th President of the United States, (d. 1845) .
• 1779- Lord Melbourne, was born, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, (d. 1848) .
• 1781 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Guilford Courthouse – Near present-day Greensboro, North Carolina, 1,900 British troops under General Charles Cornwallis defeat an American force numbering 4,400.
• 1800 – Heinrich von Dechsen, was born, geologist and mineralogist, (d. 1889) .
• 1801 – George Perkins Marsh was born (d. 23 Jul 1882). American conservationist, whose book Man and Nature, or Physical Geography as Modified by Human Action (1864) was one of the 19th century’s classic influences on geography, ecology, and resource management.
• 1804 – Promulgación en Francia del Código Civil, llamado Código de Napoleón.
• 1813- John Snow, was born (d. 16 Jun 1858 ) . English obstetrician who was among the first to use anesthesia, but renowned as a pioneering epidemiologist. In On the Mode of Communication of Cholera (1849), Snow suggested that cholera was a contagious disease easily transmitted by contaminated water.
• 1815 – Germain Sommeiller was born (d. 11 Jul 1871). French engineer who built the Mount Cenis (Fréjus) Tunnel (1857-70) in the Alps, the world’s first important mountain tunnel, is an 8 miles long double track railway tunnel through the Alps under Mont Cenis, to unite Italian Savoy (north of the mountains) through Switzerland with the rest of Italy to the south.
• 1820 – St Clemens Maria Hofbauer, dies, Patron Saint of Vienna, (b. 1751) .
• 1820 – Maine becomes the 23rd U.S. state.
• 1820 – Muere el explorador y aventurero Daniel Boone.
• 1827- The University of Toronto is chartered .
• 1830 – Paul von Heyse, was born, writer and winner of the Nobel Prize in literature 1910, (d. 1914) .
• 1835 – Eduard Strauss, was born, composer (d. 1916) .
• 1838 – Alice Cunningham Fletcher was born (d. 6 Apr 1923). U.S. anthropologist whose stature as a social scientist, notably for her pioneer study of Indian music, has overshadowed her influence on federal government Indian policies that later were considered to be unfortunate.
• 1839 – Venezuela y Gran Bretaña firman un tratado sobre la abolición del tráfico de esclavos.
• 1842 – Muere el compositor Luigi Cherubini.
• 1848 – Revolution breaks out in Pest. The Habsburg rulers are compelled to meet the demands of the Reform party.
• 1849 – Giuseppe Caspar Mezzofanti, dies, Cardinal and linguist .
• 1851 – Nascimento de Francisco Maria Victor Cordon, explorador do continente africano, que procedeu à ocupação do território entre Quelimane e o Zumbo, em Moçambique .
• 1854 – Emil Adolf von Behring, was born. German bacteriologist who is considered the founder of the science of immunology. He received in 1901 the first Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria.
• 1855 – Sir Charles Vernon Boys was born (d. 30 March 1944). English physicist and inventor of sensitive instruments. He graduated in mining and metallurgy, self-taught in a wide knowledge of geometrical methods.
• 1858 – Revolución en Venezuela. El Presidente José Tades Monagas dimite y se pone bajo la protección del cuerpo diplomático.
• 1858 – Liberty Hyde Bailey was born (d. 25 Dec 1954). American horticulturist who helped create the science of horticulture, made systematic studies of cultivated plants, and advanced knowledge in hybridization, plant pathology, and agriculture.
• 1863 – España reconoce la independencia de Honduras.
• 1865 – Johan Halvorsen, was born, Norwegian composer .
• 1873 – En la Guerra de Cuba comienza la batalla de las Guásimas.
• 1877 – The first Test cricket match, between England and Australia .
• 1882 – Jim Lightbody, was born (d. 1882). American middle-distance runner .
• 1886 – Sergei Kirov, was born, soviet revolucionary († 1886) .
• 1890 – Boris Nikolaevich Delaunay, was born (d. 1980). Russian mathematician .
• 1891 – Sir Joseph Bazalgette, dies, (b. 1819) . Civil engineer.
• 1892 – José María Reina Barrios comienza su gobierno en la República de Guatemala.
• 1897- Jackson Scholz, was born, American sprinter .
• 1898 – Henry Bessemer, dies (b. 1813). English metallurgist.
• 1900 – Nasce Gilberto Freyre, escritor brasileiro (m. 1987).
• 1905 – Berthold Graf Schenk von Stauffenberg, was born, lawyer and Nazi opponent (d. 1944).
• 1906 – Rolls-Royce Ltd. is registered, founded by Britten Rolls and Royce Johnson.
• 1907 – Zarah Leander, was born, actress and singer, (d. 1981) .
• 1907 – Finland is 1st European country to give women the right to vote .
• 1909 – Selfridges department store opens in London.
• 1912 – Lightnin’ Hopkins, was born, musician, (d. 1982) .
• 1916 – Harry James, was born, musician, band leader, (d. 1983) .
• 1916 – Nace el poeta Blas de Otero.
• 1916 – President Woodrow Wilson sends 12,000 United States troops over the Mexican border to pursue Pancho Villa.
• 1917 – Tsar Nicholas II of Russia abdicates himself and his son from the Russian throne and his brother the Grand Duke becomes Tsar.
• 1918 – Rodrigues Alves vence pela segunda vez a eleição presidencial do País mas, vem a morrer o ano seguinte, antes de ter tomado posse.
• 1919 – The American Legion forms in Paris.
• 1919 – Lawrence Tierney, was born, actor, (d. 2002) .
• 1920 – Lawrence Sanders, was born, novelist, (d. 1998) .
• 1920 – E. Donnall Thomas, was born. American physician who in 1990 was corecipient (with Joseph E. Murray) of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his work in transplanting bone marrow from one person to another – an achievement related to the cure of patients with acute leukemia and other blood cancers or blood diseases.
• 1922 – After Egypt gains nominal independence from the United Kingdom, Fuad I becomes King of Egypt.
• 1922 – El Partido Comunista de España celebra su primer congreso, donde se elige como secretario general a Antonio García Quejido.
• 1924 – Walter Gotell, was born, actor (d. 1997) .
• 1926 – Norm Van Brocklin, was born, American football star .
• 1933 – Ruth Bader Ginsburg, was born, associate justice of the United States Supreme Court .
• 1933 – Roy Clark, was born, country musician .
• 1935 – Jimmy Swaggart, was born, televangelist .
• 1935 – Judd Hirsch, was born, actor .
• 1937 – H. P. Lovecraft, dies (b. 1890) . Horror writer.
• 1939 – World War II: Nazi troops occupy the remaining part of Bohemia and Moravia; Czechoslovakia ceases to exist.
• 1940 – Phil Lesh of The Grateful Dead, was born .
• 1941 – Alexej von Jawlensky, dies (b. 1864). Russian impressionist painter.
• 1941 – Mike Love, was born, musician (“The Beach Boys“) .
• 1943 – David Cronenberg, was born, director .
• 1944 – Sly Stone, was born, musician .
• 1944 – Elisabeth Plessen, was born, writer .
• 1944 – World War II: Battle of Monte Cassino – Allied aircraft bomb the Nazi-held monastery and stage an assault.
• 1945 – Mark J. Green, was born, lawyer, author and public official .
• 1945 – Best of 1944 Oscar Awards. Co-hosts for the big show were actor/director John Cromwell (first half) and actor/comedian Bob Hope (second half). The Oscar for Best Picture went to the musical comedy, Going My Way. Best Director was Leo McCarey, who also wrote (Oscar: Best Writing/Original Story) and produced the Bing Crosby (Best Actor)/Barry Fitzgerald (nominated for Best Actor/winner of Best Supporting Actor) gem. Going My Way also scored an Academy Award for music (James Van Heusen), lyrics (Johnny Burke) for the song Swinging on a Star (a hit for Crosby, as was Too-ra-loo-ra-loo-ra, also from the film) and Best Writing/Screenplay (Frank Butler, Frank Cavett). Best Actress Oscar was given to Ingrid Bergman for Gaslight and Best Supporting Actress was Ethel Barrymore for None But the Lonely Heart.
• 1946 – Howard Scott, nacimiento de, vocalista y guitarrista de War.
• 1947 – Ry [Ryland] Cooder, was born, guitarist.
• 1951 – O Irão nacionalizou a indústria petrolífera .
• 1952 – In Cilaos, Réunion, 73 inches (1,870mm) of rain falls in one day, setting a new world record.
• 1955 – Dee Snider, was born, singer.
• 1956 – Nascimento de Júlio Prestes (Júlio Prestes de Albuquerque), 16° Presidente do Brasil (1930 – eleito, proclamado mas não empossado devido à revolução de 30), em Itapetininga-SP, no ano de 1882.
• 1956 – Nascimento de Oswaldo Montenegro (Oswaldo Viveiros Montenegro), cantor da MPB, no Rio de Janeiro-RJ, em 1956;
• 1956 – Clay Matthews, was born, American football player .
• 1956 – The Broadway musical My Fair Lady opens in New York City.
• 1959 – Nascimento de Lester Young, músico de jazz norte-americano (m. 1909).
• 1959 – Harold Baines, was born, former Major League Baseball player .
• 1960 – Enrique Urquijo, nacimiento de, músico español.
• 1961 – Fabio, was born, Italy, romance novels model.
• 1961 – Ervin Nemeth, was born, educator, author, translator.
• 1961 – South Africa withdraws from the British Commonwealth .
• 1962 – Nascimento de Arthur Compton, físico estadounidense, premio Nobel de Física en 1927.
• 1962 – Terence Trent D’Arby, was born, singer .
• 1963 – Edward F. Williams, Jr. was born, Program Management Specialist, DJ .
• 1963 – Victor Feguer, a Federal prisoner, is put to death at the Fort Madison, Iowa prison. This would be the last execution of a Federal prisoner until the execution of Timothy McVeigh in 2001
• 1964 – Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton got married. The couple wed in secret ceremonies in Montreal, Canada.
• 1966 8th Grammy Awards: Taste of Honey, Tom Jones, Sintra & Streisand .~
• 1967 – Naoko Takeuchi, was born, manga artist .
• 1968 – Sabrina Salerno, was born, showgirl .
• 1970 – The Expo ’70 world’s fair opens in Osaka, Japan.
• 1971 – Mark McGrath, was born, musician (“Sugar Ray“) .
• 1972 – Mark Hoppus, was born, musician (“Blink 182“) .
• 1974 – No Brasil, o General Geisel foi eleito presidente após a resignação do Presidente Garastazu Médici.
• 1975 – Eva Longoria, was born, actress (The Young and the Restless, Desperate Housewives) .
• 1975 – Feisal, muere, rey de Arabia Saudí.
• 1975 – Aristotle Onassis, dies (b. 1906). Shipping magnate.
• 1976 – Jennifer 8. Lee, was born, journalist .
• 1979 – Bernardo Verbitsky, muere , escritor y periodista argentino.
• 1980 – Manuel Kayode Williams was born, Inventor, Aeronautic Mathematician, Entrepreneur .
• 1981- Na Síria, mais de 140 reféns a bordo de um avião da Pakistan Airways, seqüestrado pela organização militante Al Zulfiqar, são libertados após 13 dias. Em troca, os paquistaneses libertaram 55 prisioneiros políticos.
• 1981 – Desaparece el cineasta René Clair.
• 1983 – Josep Lluis Sert, arquitecto español.
• 1983 – Rebecca West, writer, (b. 1892) .
• 1984 – 10th People’s Choice Awards: Brooke Shields .
• 1984 – Tanzania adopts constitution .
• 1985 – Tancredo Neves no puede asumir como presidente de Brasil (por enfermedad). El vicepresidente, José Sarney, jura como presidente interino.
• 1986 – La nave espacial soviética Soyuz T-15 se acopla a la estación orbital Mir.
• 1987 – 13th People’s Choice Awards: Bill Cosby .
• 1988 – Muere Wilson Ferreira Aldunate, político uruguayo .
• 1988 – Publication of Marvin Minsky‘s Society of Mind theory .
• 1989 – The United States Department of Veterans Affairs is established.
• 1989 – Caitlin Wachs, was born, actriz (Air Bud) .
• 1990 – Mikhail Gorbachev is elected as the first executive president of the Soviet Union.
• 1990 – The Soviet Union announces that Lithuania’s declaration of independence is invalid.
  1990 – The ethnic clashes of Targu Mures begin on the anniversary of the Revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas.
• 1990 – Fernando Collor de Mello presta juramento como presidente do Brasil.
• 1990 El Vaticano y la URSS establecen relaciones oficiales permanentes tras 73 años sin ellas.
• 1990 – Farzad Bazoft, Iranian-born journalist working for the Observer, hanged as a spy in Iraq.
• 1990 – Tom Harmon, American football star, broadcaster .
• 1990 – Orlando Pelayo, pintor de la Escuela Española de París.
• 1991 – Four Los Angeles, California police officers are indicted for the videotaped March 3, 1991 beating of motorist Rodney King during an arrest.
• 1991 – Germany formally regains complete independence after the four post-World War II occupying powers (Frane, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union) relinquish all remaining rights.
• 1991 – Sergei Bubka pole vaults record .
• 1994 – Estados Unidos y Rusia llegan a un acuerdo para permitir la supervisión mutua del desmantelamiento de su armamento nuclear.
• 1994 – Mai Zetterling, Swedish actress and director, (b. 1925) .
• 1994 – 8th Soul Train Music Awards: Toni Braxton, Whitney Houston win .
• 1995 – Carlos Menem (hijo del presidente argentino) y el automovilista Silvio Oltra mueren al caer su helicóptero en Ramallo.
• 1996 – Teodoro Obiang, presidente de Guinea Ecuatorial, es investido Jefe de Estado.
• 1998 – Tim Maia, querido e talentoso cantor e compositor brasileiro, falece aos 55 anos de idade.
• 1998 – Benjamin Spock, pediatrician, writer, Olympic gold-medal rower, (b. 1903) .
• 2001 – Ann Sothern, dies, actress (b. 1909).
• 2002 – Sylvester Weaver, dies, television executive .
• 2002 – Rudolf Hell, inventor de los precursores del fax, el escáner y otros ingenios para la transmisión electrónica de textos e imágenes, falleció a los 100 años en Kiel (Alemania).
• 2003 – Dame Thora Hird, British actress (b. 1911).
• 2004 – Sir William Pickering, former head of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, (b. 1910) .
• 2004 – John Pople, dies (b. 31 Oct 1925). British mathematician and chemist who, (with Walter Kohn), received the 1998 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on computational methodology to study the quantum mechanics of molecules, their properties and how they act together in chemical reactions. See Autobiographical page on Nobel site.
• 2004 – Announcement of the Discovery of 90377 Sedna, the farthest natural object in the Solar system so far observed.
• Dia Mundial dos Direitos do Consumidor (no Brasil, Lei 8.078).