Benfica pode perder 6 pontos e o 1º. de Abril Abril 2, 2005

Como foi divulgado neste blog e é conhecido pela generalidade das pessoas o dia 1 de Abril é “O Dia das Mentiras”. Temos agora a obrigação de divulgar que a “notícia” aqui divulgada sobre a possibilidade de o Benfica perder 6 pontos é obviamente falsa! Às pessoas que são referidas no “post” e a todas aquelas que foram enganadas pedimos desculpa, mas tratou-se apenas de uma partida de 1 de Abril, aliás a exemplo do que ocorre em quase todos os orgãos de informação.

Agora só espero que amanhã, domingo frente ao Marítimo o Benfica não perca os primeiros três (desses seis) pontos!

On this day in History – Apr 02

0742 – Charlemagne, was born. King of the Franks († 0814).
0999 – Início do pontificado do Papa Silvestre
1118 – Morte de Balduino I (rei de Jerusalém)
1212 – Exumação do corpo de São Isidro Labrador (1082-1172).
1284 – Nascimento de Eduardo II de Inglaterra
1285 – Início do pontificado do Papa Honório IV.
1335 – Henry, Duke of Carinthia and Carniola, Count of Tyrol , dies
1383 – Escritura de casamento da infanta D. Beatriz com D. João de Castela
1416 – Início do reinado de Afonso V, o Magnânimo – rei de Aragão.
1502 – Prince Arthur Tudor, dies. Elder brother of Henry VIII of England
1508 – Morte de São Francisco de Paula.
1510 – Ashikaga Yoshiharu, was born. Ashikaga shogun († 1550)
1513 – Juan Ponce de Leon sets foot on Florida becoming the first known European to do so.
1545 – Elizabeth of Valois, was born. Queen of Philip II of Spain († 1568)
1565 – Nascimento de Isidoro Aliaga (arcebispo espanhol).
1566 – Nascimento de Santa Maria Magdalena de Pazzi (canonizada em 28 Abr 1669).
1587 – Nascimento de Virgínia Centurione (canonizada em 18 Mai 2003.
1618- Nascimento de Francesco Maria Grimaldi, físico italiano. Estudou a difração da luz.
1657 – Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor , dies. 1709 – Giovanni-Battista Gaulli “Il Baciccio”, dies (b. 08 May 1639). Italian Baroque painter.
1671 – Canonização de Rosa de Lima (1586 – 1617)
1705 – Morte do compositor alemão Johann Löhner
1725 – Giacomo Casanova, was born in Venice, Italy († 4 Jun 1798). Adventurer ( his name became synonymous for philanderer) and writer.
1733 – Nascimento de Giacomo Tritto (compositor italiano)
1747 – Johann Jacob Dillenius, dies (b. 1684). botanist
1751 – John L. Smibert dies in Boston (b. 24 Mar 1688 in Edinburgh). Scottish born/ American Baroque painter specialized in Portraits,
1755 – Commodore William James captures pirate fortress of Severndroog on west coast of India.
1763 – Nascimento de Giacomo Gotifredo Ferrari (compositor italiano)
1783 – William Henry Cavendish-Bentinck assume o cargo de primeiro-ministro britânico
1791 – Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, dies. Conde de Mirabeau. French writer and politician.
1792 – The Coinage Act is passed establishing the United States Mint.
1798 – August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben, was born ( † 1874). German poet.
1799 – Nascimento de Charles Philip Yorke (4º conde de Hardwicke)
1800 – Manhattan Well Mystery: In New York City, the trial of Levi Weeks ends with an acquittal. Weeks was defended by Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr.
1801 – Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Copenhagen – The British destroy the Danish fleet.
1801 – Thomas Dadford Junior, dies. British canal engineer
1801 – Batalha naval de Copenhaga entre as frotas Britânica e Dinamarquesa. Comandada por Nelson a frota britânica destrói a frota dinamarquesa.
1805 – Hans Christian Andersen, was born († 1875). Danish writer.
1810 – Casamento de Napoleão Bonaparte, imperador dos Franceses, com a arquiduquesa Maria Luísa de Áustria.
1810 – Kaspar Karsen, was born († 24 Jul 1896). Dutch artist.
1811 – William Joseph Shayer Junior, was born († 1892). British artist.
1822 – Nascimento em Lisboa de Luís Augusto Rebelo da Silva († 1871). Historiador, romancista e dramaturgo português.
1822 – Nascimento de Roque Sáenz Peña (presidente argentino 1910-1914)
1824 – John Johnson é enforcado por roubo e assassinato de um marinheiro
1827 – William Holman Hunt, was born in London († 07 Sep 1910). English Pre-Raphaelite painter.
1834 – Nasce o escultor francês Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi, autor da Estátua da Liberdade em Nova York.
1836 – Charles Dickens got married with Catherine Hogarth.
1837 – Johan Conrad Greive, was born († 14 May 1891). Dutch artist.
1840 – Émile Zola, was born († 29 Sep 1902). French novelist and critic.
1841 – Nascimento de Clément Ader (engenheiro francês – pioneiro da aviação) .
1854 – O semanário “Le Figaro” começa a publicar-se em Paris.
1862 – Nicholas Murray Butler, was born. USA philosopher and teacher, Nobel Prize for Peace Paz in 1931.
1863 – Richmond Bread Riots: Food shortages incite hundreds of angry women to riot in Richmond, Virginia and demand the Confederate government to release emergency supplies.
1865 – American Civil War: Siege of Petersburg broken – Union troops capture the trenches around Petersburg, Virginia, forcing Confederate General Robert E. Lee to retreat.
1865 – American Civil War: Confederate President Jefferson Davis and most of his Cabinet flee the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia.
1865 – General A.P. Hill, dies (b. 1825). Confederate commander.
1867 – Eugen Sandow, was born ( † 1925). Body builder, circus performer.
1869 – Hughie Jennings, was born († 1928). Baseball Hall of Famer.
1872 – Samuel Morse, dies (b. 1791). Inventor of Morse code .
1875 – Walter Chrysler, was born († 1940). Automobile pioneer.
1881 – Johannes (or Jan) Tavenraat (or Tavenraet ), dies (b. 20 Mar 1809). Rotterdam Dutch painter.
1883 – Paul Radin was born in Lodz, Poland (d. 1959). Ethnologist .
1889 – Charles Hall patented aluminum on this day.
1891 – Max Ernst, was born († 1976). Painter.
1900 – Roberto Arlt, was born. Argentine novelist and dramaturg.
1901 – Claude Thomas Stanfield Moore, dies (b. 10 Jun 1853). British artist.
1902 – Esther Morris, dies. Suffragist and the first woman judge in U.S. history.
1902 – “Electric Theatre”, the first movie theater in the United States, opens in Los Angeles, California.
1905 – Hjalmar “Magnus” Munsterhjelm, dies (b. 19 Oct 1840). Swedish French artist.
1908 – Buddy Ebsen, was born († 2003). Actor, dancer.
1911 – O clube de futebol Guarani Futebol Clube é fundado na cidade de Campinas / Brasil
1914 – Sir Alec Guinness, was born († 8 May 2000) . English actor.
1914 – Paul von Heyse, dies. German writer Nobel Prize in Literature 1910.
1914 – Nascimento de Alec Guinness (ator inglês)
1917 – World War I: U.S. President Woodrow Wilson asks the U.S. Congress for a declaration of war on Germany.
1917 – The first woman ever elected to the U.S. Congress, Jeannette Rankin, takes her seat as a representative from Montana.
1920 – Jack Webb, was born († 1982). Actor, director, producer.
1922 – Hermann Rorschach, dies (b. 1884). Psychologist.
1923 – G. Spencer-Brown, was born. Mathematician.
1925 – George MacDonald Fraser, was born. Author
1925 – Hans Rosenthal, was born († 1987) . Showmaster.
1925 – Pinheiro Correia, Sérgio da Silva e António Gouveia concluem o raid aéreo Lisboa-Guiné.
1926 – Jack Brabham, was born. Grand Prix racer
1927 – Carmen Basilio,was born. Boxer
1927 – Ferenc Puskás, was born. Great Hungarian football (soccer) player
1928 – Serge Gainsbourg, was born ( † 1991). Singer.
1930 – Haile Selassie is proclaimed emperor of Ethiopia.
1934 – Paul Joseph Cohen, was born. Mathematician.
1934 – Brian Glover, was born († 1997). British actor, wrestler.
1935 – O físico britânico Sir Watson Watt regista a patente do RADAR.
1939 – Marvin Gaye, was born ( † 01 Apr 1984). Singer.
1940 – Penelope Keith, was born. Actress.
1941 – The radio program Life of Riley aired for the first time.
1945 – Linda Hunt, was born. Actress
1947 – Emmylou Harris, was born. Singer
1947 – Camille Paglia, was born. Feminist writer
1953 – David Robinson, was born. Musician.
1954 – Carl ‘Bobo’ Olson defeated Kid Gavilan to retain the world middleweight boxing title.
1956 – General Motors board member Alfred P. Sloan steps down after 19 years as chairman with Albert Bradley as his successor.
1956 – As the World Turns and The Edge of Night first aired on the CBS network in the United States, as the first half-hour serial dramas
1960 – Linford Christie, was born. British athlete.
1962 – Mark Shulman, was born. Children’s author .
1964 – The Saab board started Project Gudmund to develop a new and larger car, later released as Saab 99.
1966 – Teddy Sheringham was born in Walthamstow, London, England, UK. English football ( soccer) player (Manchester United )
1966 – C.S. Forester, dies. Author (b. 1899)
1972 – Actor Charlie Chaplin returns to the United States for the first time since being labeled a communist in the early 1950s during the Red Scare.
1972 – Vietnam War: Easter Offensive begins – North Vietnamese soldiers of the 304th Division take the northern half of Quang Tri Province.
1974 – Georges Pompidou, dies (b. 1911) . President of France.
1974 – 46th Annual Academy Awards presentation at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles. Hosting the cerimony were John Huston, David Niven, Burt Reynolds, and Diana Ross. The Best Picture of the Year Award went to ” The Sting” (producers: Tony Bill, Michael Phillips, Julia Phillips). The Sting won six additional Oscars: Director (George Roy Hill); Art Direction (Henry Bumstead)and Set Decoration (James Payne); Costume Design (Edith Head); Film Editing (William Reynolds); Scoring/Original Song Score/Adaptation: (Marvin Hamlisch); Writing/Original Story/Screenplay based on Factual Material or Material Not Previously Published or Produced (David S. Ward); plus three additional nominations. Oscar winners: Best Actor: Jack Lemmon for Save the Tiger; Best Actress: Glenda Jackson for A Touch of Class; Best Supporting Actor: John Houseman for The Paper Chase; Best Supporting Actress: Tatum O’Neal for Paper Moon; and Best Music/Song: The Way We Were — Marvin Hamlisch (music), Alan and Marilyn Bergman (lyrics) from the movie of the same title.
1975 – Vietnam War: Thousands of civilian refugees flee from the Quang Ngai Province in front of advancing North Vietnamese troops.
1976 – A Constituição da República Portuguesa ( pós 25 Abril 74) é promulgada no decorrer da última sessão da Assembleia Constituinte.
1980 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter signs the Crude Oil Windfall Profits Tax Act in an effort to help the U.S. economy rebound.
1982 – Falklands War: Argentina invades the British-owned Falkland Islands starting the war.
1982 – John Chancellor helms the news desk at the NBC Nightly News for the final time, after eleven-and-a-half years.
1986 – Chris Walberg, voice actor (Hey Arnold!)
1987 – Buddy Rich, dies (b. 1917). Drummer .
1989 – Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev arrives in Havana, Cuba to meet with Fidel Castro in an attempt to mend strained relations.
1992 – In New York, Mafia boss John Gotti is convicted of murder and racketeering and is later sentenced to life in prison.
1992 – Pierre Bérégovoy becomes Prime Minister of France
1993 – Doom alpha version 0.4 is finished.
1994 – Betty Furness, dies. Author.
1996 – Lech Walesa, ex presidente da Polonia, regressa como electricista nos estaleiros de Gdansk, após a sua derrota nas eleições.
2002 – Israeli forces surrounded the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem which has around 200 Palestinians inside. A siege ensues.
2003 – Terenci Moix, dies. Spanish author.
2003 – Edwin Starr, singer (b. 1942) .
2003 – Beatrice Riese dies at 86. Abstract artist and collector born in The Hague, Netherlands.
2004 – Islamist terrorists involved in the 11 March 2004 Madrid attacks attempt a thwarted bombing of the Spanish high-speed train AVE near Madrid.
2004 – Bulgaria, Eslovaquia, Eslovenia, Estonia, Letonia, Lituania y Rumania se asocian OTAN cómo miembros completos.
2005 – Pope John Paul II dies at the age of 84, after more than 26 years as the head of the Roman Catholic Church.

Benfica em grande risco de perder 6 pontos Abril 1, 2005

Porque não pagou uma multa a tempo!…
O não pagamento duma simples multa de 5.200 € pode valer o campeonato ao Benfica!!!

Pois o pânico está a acontecer entre os responsáveis do Clube encarnado ( e os adeptos mais conhecedores, é óbvio). O Benfica está (virtualmente) em 5º lugar com os mesmos pontos dos outros 4 candidatos ao título porque é mais que certa, nos termos do Regulamento de Provas Oficiais, a subtracção de seis pontos relativos aos jogos Nacional- Benfica 0-1 e Benfica- Gil Vicente 2-0. E tudo porque uma simples multa de 5.200 € não foi paga a tempo na Liga dos Clubes. Uma reunião ontem já de madrugada entre altos responsáveis do Benfica e o Presidente da Liga em exercício pretendia “esconder” o assunto, mas já se sabe que qualquer reacção de qualquer clube sobre a matéria dentro do prazo de não prescrição (um mês, neste caso) implicará a aplicação do Regulamento e a perda dos pontos conquistados nesses jogos.

Os factos são os seguintes:
1- Por comportamento irregular do Treinador Trapattoni o Benfica foi multado em 5.200 euros e notificado para a sua regularização até ao prazo limite de 4 de Março de 2004.
2- Um erro administrativo fez com que a multa não tivesse sido paga senão apenas em 21 de Março.
3- Ora por não pagamento atempado da multa ( porque tinha a ver com matéria disciplinar, neste caso do treinador do Benfica ) enquanto durar a mora dispõe o Regulamento das Provas Oficiais (artº 18º, § 2º) que a multa converte-se em incapacidade do agente desportivo estar habilitado a participar nas provas. Ou seja Trapattoni deixou de estar legalmente habilitado a estar no banco de suplentes.
4º – O Benfica entretanto (e com o prazo de pagamento já transcorrido) realizou os jogos com o Nacional (fora) e com o Beira Mar em casa nos quais contabilizou 6 pontos, mas, obviamente com o treinador no Banco.

O caso juridicamente não deixa qualquer tipo de dúvida e por isso ao ser conhecido motivou o pânico generalizado nas altas esferas do clube da Luz. O que é estranho é que durante o dia de hoje ainda nenhuma rádio ou outro órgão de informação se tenha referido ao caso quando já se sabe que Filipe Vieira esteve até às 4 da manhã em casa de Cunha Leal a tentar ver como o caso pode ser “contornado”. No entanto, a situação é óbvia e agora o assunto já é do domínio público.

Veremos quais serão os desenvolvimentos, pois o prazo de prescrição está a expirar, para ver qual é o clube que acciona o processo de queixa, ou se ele é despoletado oficiosamente pelos Organismos disciplinares da Liga.

On this day in History – Apr 01

• 0527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.
• 1204 – Eleanor of Aquitaine, dies (b. c. 122). Wife of Henry II of England.
• 1389 – Pacto de no agresión entre la Confederación Suiza y Austria.
• 1578 – William Harvey, was born. Physician, discovered blood circulation (d. 1657)
• 1618 – Jan Philips Righolz Conwemberg van Thielen Mechelen was born (d. 1667). Flemish painter, brother-in-law of Théodore Rombouts
• 1621 – Cristofano Allori, dies (b. 17 Oct 1577). Florentine painter.
• 1637 – Niwa Nagashige, dies (b. 1571). Japanese daimyo and retainer.
• 1649 – fray Juan Bautista Maino (or Mayno), dies . Spanish Baroque painter, who studied under Caravaggio and El Greco.
• 1776 – Sophie Germain, was born. Mathematician (d. 1831) .
• 1778 – Oliver Pollock, a New Orleans businessman, created the “$” symbol.
• 1784 – Johannes Janson, dies (b. 17 Apr 1729). Dutch artist.
• 1789 – In New York City, the United States House of Representatives holds its first quorum and elects Frederick Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania as its first House Speaker.
• 1793 – In Japan, the volcano Unsen erupted killing about 53,000.
• 1802 – Joseph-Siffrède Duplessis, dies (b. 22 Sep 1725). French artist.
• 1815 – Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck, was born in Schönhausen, Altmark, Prussia [now Germany] (d. 30 Jul 1878). Politician.
• 1815 – Edward Clark, was born (d. 1880). Governor of Texas.
• 1823 – Simon Bolivar Buckner Lieutenant General (Confederate Army), was born ( died in 1914).
• 1826 – Samuel Morey patents the internal combustion engine.
• 1831 – Samuel Albert (or Albrecht) Anker, was born (d. 16 Jul 1910). Swiss painter and illustrator, specialized in Children.
• 1833 – El general mexicano Antonio López de Santa Anna se erige en presidente de la república.
• 1833 – Se inaugura la Parroquia de Nuestra Señora de Balvanera, en Buenos Aires.
• 1834 – James Fisk, was born. Entrepreneur (d. 1872) .
• 1839 – Nicolas-Didier Boguet, dies (b. 18 Feb 1755). French painter and draftsman.
• 1839 – Benjamin Pierce dies (b. 1757). Governor of New Hampshire.
• 1856 – Falleció en Buenos Aires, el General Eustaquio Díaz Vélez, patriota que fuera defensor de la Independencia Argentina, estadista y hacendado. Nació en Buenos Aires, el día 2 de Noviembre de 1782.
• 1856 – Charles Maurin, was born (d. 22 Jul 1914). French painter and printmaker. Among his paintings are the Prelude to Lohengrin and Maternity.
• 1865 – American Civil War: Battle of Five Forks – In Petersburg, Virginia, Confederate General Robert E. Lee begins his final offensive.
• 1865 – Richard Zsigmondy, was born. Chemist, Nobel Prize 1925.
• 1866 – Ferruccio Busoni, was born (d. 1924). Pianist and composer.
• 1867 – Singapore becomes British crown colony.
• 1868 – Edmond Rostand was born in Marseille (d. 02 Dec 1918). French poet and dramatist, best-known from his play Cyrano de Bergerac.
• 1872 – Frederick Maurice, dies (b. 1805). English theologian.
• 1873 – The British steamer SS Atlantic sinks off Nova Scotia killing 547.
• 1873 – Sergei Rachmaninoff, was born (d. 1943). Composer, pianist, and conductor.
• 1875 – Edgar Wallace, was born (d. 1932). English playwright, novelist.
• 1878 – (Jean François) Eugène Gautier dies (b. 27 Feb 1822). French composer.
• 1883 – Lon Chaney, Sr., was born in Colorado Springs, Colorado.(d. 26 Aug1930). Actor. Due to his ability to portray an endless variety of characters throughout his career, he became known as “The Man of a Thousand Faces”.
• 1885 – Wallace (Fitzgerald) Beery, was born (d. 15 Apr 1949). Academy award- winning actor: (The Champ [1931-1932], Grand Hotel, We’re in the Navy Now, Treasure Island, The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, The Last of the Mohicans, China Seas) .
• 1888 – Alberto Vacarezza was born in Buenos Aires († 06 Aug 1959).Argentine playwriter.
• 1888 – Soccer team Sparta forms in Rotterdam.
• 1889 – Japón: fundación oficial de Yokohama.
• 1891 – The Wrigley Company is founded in Chicago, Illinois.
• 1891 – Painter Paul Gauguin [07 Jun 1848 – 08 May 1903] leaves Marseille for Tahiti.
• 1895 – Alberta Hunter, was born (d. 1984). Singer.
• 1896 – Theodore Robinson US Impressionist painter born on 03 June 1852. He studied under Claude Monet .
• 1899 – Gustavs Celmins, was born (d. 1968). Politician.
• 1901 – Whittaker Chambers, was born (d. 1961). Hiss case witness.
• 1901 – El ingeniero James Gibb inventa el tenis de mesa o ping pong.
• 1908 – Se funda el club Los Forzosos de Almagro, que a mediados de 1909 se rebautizó San Lorenzo de Almagro.
• 1908 – Abraham Maslow,was born (d. 1970). Psychologist.
• 1910 – Andreas Achenbach, dies (b. 29 Sep 1815). German realist landscape painter.
• 1910 – Mikaïl Alexandrovitch Wrubel (or Wroubel), dies (b. 05 Mar 1856). Russian artist.
• 1910 – Dumitru Dan (Romania) completed a 62,137 mile (100,000 m) walk
• 1914 – Rube Waddell, dies. Baseball Hall of Famer .
• 1915- Otto Wilhelm Fischer, was born. Actor .
• 1917 – Scott Joplin, dies. Musician, composer (b. 1868) .
• 1918 – Royal Air Force is formed with the amalgamation of the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS). The RAF took its place beside the British navy and army as a separate military service with its own ministry.
• 1920 – Toshirô Mifune, was born (d. 1997). Actor.
• 1922 – William Manchester, was born. Writer.
• 1922 – Emperor Karl (Franz Josef) of Austria dies (b. 1887) .
• 1923 – Primeira exibição pública de um filme sonoro, no Rialto Theather de Nova Iorque.
• 1924 – Adolf Hitler is sentenced to five years in jail for his participation in the “Beer Hall Putsch.” However, he spends only nine months in jail, during which he wrote his famous book, Mein Kampf.
• 1924 – First revenue flight for Belgium‘s Sabena Airlines.
• 1924 – Brendan Byrne, was born. Governor of New Jersey
• 1926 – Charles Bressler, was born. American tenor.
• 1926 – Anne McCaffrey, was born. American science fiction author.
• 1926 – Charles Angrand, dies (b. 19 ou 29 Apr 1854). French Normand painter.
• 1928 – Jane Powell, was born. Dancer, actress, singer .
• 1929 – Milan Kundera, was born in Brno, Czechoslovakia. Writer (Unbearable Lightness of Being, L’art du Roman, Joke) .
• 1929 – Louie Marx introduced the Yo-Yo.
• 1930 – Estreia na Alemanha do filme “O anjo azul”, dirigido por Joseph von Sternberg. Nele se estreia a actriz Marlene Dietrich.
• 1930 – Empress Zawditu of Ethiopia dies (b. 1876) .
• 1931 – Rolf Hochhuth, was born. Writer .
• 1932 – Gordon Jump, was born (d. 2003). Actor, “Maytag Repairman”.
• 1932 – Debbie Reynolds, was born. Actress .
• 1933 – The recently elected Nazis under Julius Streicher organize a one-day boycott of all Jewish-owned businesses in Germany, ushering in the series of anti-Semitic acts that will be known as the Holocaust.
• 1934 – Bonnie and Clyde kill two young highway patrolmen near Grapevine, Texas.
• 1934 – Rod Kanehl, was born (d. 2004). Major League Baseball player.
• 1934 – El sacerdote Juan Bosco – beatificado cinco años antes – es proclamado Santo de la Iglesia Católica.
• 1936 – Se realiza en Mendoza la primera Fiesta de la Vendimia.
• 1937 – Aden becomes a British crown colony. liza la guerra civil española y comienza la dictadura franquista.
• 1938 – Ali (Alice) MacGraw was born in Pound Ridge, New York, USA. Actress: ( Goodbye Columbus, Love Story, The Getaway, The Winds of War).
• 1939 – Espanha : Termina a Guerra Civil, com a tomada de Madrid pelas tropas de Franco. A Guerra tinha começado em 1936.
• 1940 – Wangari Maathai, was born . Environmentalist, activist Nobel Prize for Peace em 2004.
• 1945 – World War II: Operation Iceberg – United States troops land on Okinawa in the last campaign of the war.
• 1946 – Aleutian Island earthquake: A 7.8 magnitude earthquake near the Aleutian Islands creates a tsunami that strikes the Hawaiian Islands killing 159 (mostly in Hilo, Hawaii).
• 1946 – Noah Beery, dies . Actor.
• 1947 – King George II of Greece dies (b. 1890).
• 1948 – Cold War: Berlin Airlift – Military forces, under direction of the Soviet-controlled government in East Germany, set-up a land blockade of West Berlin.
• 1948 – Jimmy Cliff, was born. Musician.
• 1949 – Gil Scott-Heron, was born. Musician, composer.
• 1949 – Newfoundland becomes the tenth Province of Canada .
• 1949 – Chinese Civil War: Communist Party of China hold unsuccessful peace talks with the Kuomintang in Beijing, after three years of fighting.
• 1949 – Zsa Zsa Gabor and George Sanders got married.
• 1950 – Charles R. Drew, dies (b. 1904). Physician.
• 1953 – Barry Sonnenfeld, was born. Producer, director.
• 1954 – President Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes the creation of the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado.
• 1955 – Ronnie Burk, was born (d. 2003). Surrealist and AIDS activist.
• 1957 – La India adopta el sistema métrico decimal.
• 1959 – A Mauritânia adopta a sua bandeira.
• 1960 – The United States launches the first weather satellite, TIROS-1.
• 1960 – Lançamento do primeiro satélite meteorológico pelos Estados Unidos da América.
• 1965 – Muere la cosmetóloga y esthéticienne Helena Rubinstein.
• 1965 – Mark Jackson, was born. Professional basketball player.
• 1966 – Flann O’Brien, dies (b. 1911). Humorist.
• 1967- The UnitedStates Department of Transportation begins operation.
• 1968 – Lev Davidovich Landau, dies (b. 1908). Russian physicist.
• 1969 – The Hawker Siddeley Harrier enters service with the RAF.
• 1970 – President Richard Nixon signs the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act into law banning cigarette advertisements in the United States starting on January 1, 1971.
• 1970 – American Motors introduces the Gremlin.
• 1970 – Sung Hi Lee, was born in Seoul, South Korea. Atress.
• 1971 – Method Man, was born. Musician.
• 1973 – Project Tiger, a tiger conservation project, is launched in the Corbett National Park, India.
• 1973 – In Britain, Value Added Tax (VAT) replaced Purchase Tax and Selective Employment Tax.
• 1975 – Magdalena Maleeva was born in Sofia Bulgaria, tennis star (1995 Chicago Moscow) .
• 1975 – Cambodia President Lon Nol flees for Red Khmer.
• 1976 – Apple Computer Company is formed by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak.
• 1976 – Clarence Seedorf Surinam/Dutch soccer player (Ajax, Real Madrid…)
• 1976 – Max Ernst, dies (b. 02 Apr 1891). German /French Surrealist painter and sculptor.
• 1979 – Iran‘s government becomes Islamic Republic by a 98% vote, overthrowing the Shah officially.
• 1980 – Randy Orton, was born. Professional wrestler.
• 1981- Theresa Sokyrka, was born. Canadian Idol runner-up.
• 1982 – Miguel Espinosa Gironés, dies. Spanish writer.
• 1984 – Marvin Gaye, dies shot to death by his father (b. 1939). Singer.
• 1984 -Uruguay: cacerolada contra la dictadura militar.
• 1985 – David Lee Roth announces his departure from Van Halen.
• 1985 – The album “We Are the World” was released. Eight rock stars donated previously unreleased material for the LP.
• 1988 – Joe Besser, dies. Actor, comedian; member of the Three Stooges
• 1991 – Martha Graham, dies (b. 1894). Dancer, choreographer.
• 1993 – Alan Kulwicki, dies (b. 1954). NASCAR driver, 1992 Winston Cup Champion.
• 1993 – Solly Zuckerman, dies. South-African born British zoologist .
• 1994 – Robert Doisneau, dies. French photographer.
• 1996 – University of Kentucky team wins NCAA Men’s Division I Basketball Championship.
• 1996 – Alfredo Nobre da Costa morre (n. 1927). Primeiro Ministro de Portugal entre 28 Ago 1978 e 22 Nov 1978.
• 1996 – Mário Viegas morre em Lisboa, Portugal (nasceu em Santarém em 10 Novembro de 1948). Encenador. Actor. Declamador. Filmografia como actor, escritor compreende, designadamente Judeu, O (1996) … aka The Jew (USA); Afirma Pereira (1996)… aka According to Pereira (USA) ; Fado Lusitano (1994) (voice) Narrator; A Divina Comédia (1991) …. aka The Divine Comedy ; Cornos de Cronos, Os (1991) ; A Mulher do Próximo (1988) ; Repórter X (1987) ; Sem Sombra de Pecado (1983) ; Kilas, o Mau da Fita (1981) … aka The Killers (International: English title) ; Rei das Berlengas, O (1978); Funeral do Patrão, O (1975) ] .
• 1996 – Uma reorganização administrativa na Escócia institui as Autoridades Unitárias .
• 1998 – Rozz Williams, dies (b. 1963). Member of Christian Death.
• 1999 – Nunavut is established as a Canadian territory carved from the eastern part of the Northwest Territories.
• 2000 – Bob and George, a webcomic, appears on the Internet.
• 2001- An EP-3E United States Navy plane collides with a Chinese People’s Liberation Army fighter jet. The Navy crew makes an emergency landing in Hainan, People’s Republic of China and is detained.
• 2001 – Former president of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Slobodan Milosevic surrenders to police special forces, to be tried on charges of war crimes.
• 2001 – The first legal same-sex marriage in the Netherlands is celebrated.
• 2002 – The Netherlands legalizes euthanasia, becoming the only nation in the world to do so.
• 2003 – In Sturgis, Michigan, seven men place signs around town reading “All your base are belong to us,” based on the popular mistranslation from the Japanese video game Zero Wing.
• 2003 – Leslie Cheung, dies (b. 1956). Actor.
• 2003 – Hyosuke Kujiraoka, dies. Former vice speaker of the House of Representatives .
• 2003 – Jessica Lynch was rescued by U.S. commandos in a raid on an Iraqi hospital.
• 2004 – George W. Bush signs the Unborn Victims of Violence Act, which makes an attack that leads to the death of a mother and her unborn child two criminal charges.
• 2004 – The first legal same-sex marriage in the Canadian province of Quebec: Michael Hendricks and René Leboeuf wed in Montreal.
• 2005 – O troféu da Taça Uefa é entregue pelo Valência (último vencedor) na Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. A Taça ficará exposta no Pavilhão do Conhecimento, no Parque das Nações, até à final a ser disputtada no Estádio Alvalalade XXI, a 18 de Maio, altura que será entregue à equipa vencedora da prova na época 2004/2005.
• April 1 is known as April Fool’s Day in many countries. Dia da mentira.

On this day in History – Apr 01

• 0527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.
• 1204 – Eleanor of Aquitaine, dies (b. c. 122). Wife of Henry II of England.
• 1389 – Pacto de no agresión entre la Confederación Suiza y Austria.
• 1578 – William Harvey, was born. Physician, discovered blood circulation (d. 1657)
• 1618 – Jan Philips Righolz Conwemberg van Thielen Mechelen was born (d. 1667). Flemish painter, brother-in-law of Théodore Rombouts
• 1621 – Cristofano Allori, dies (b. 17 Oct 1577). Florentine painter.
• 1637 – Niwa Nagashige, dies (b. 1571). Japanese daimyo and retainer.
• 1649 – fray Juan Bautista Maino (or Mayno), dies . Spanish Baroque painter, who studied under Caravaggio and El Greco.
• 1776 – Sophie Germain, was born. Mathematician (d. 1831) .
• 1778 – Oliver Pollock, a New Orleans businessman, created the “$” symbol.
• 1784 – Johannes Janson, dies (b. 17 Apr 1729). Dutch artist.
• 1789 – In New York City, the United States House of Representatives holds its first quorum and elects Frederick Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania as its first House Speaker.
• 1793 – In Japan, the volcano Unsen erupted killing about 53,000.
• 1802 – Joseph-Siffrède Duplessis, dies (b. 22 Sep 1725). French artist.
• 1815 – Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck, was born in Schönhausen, Altmark, Prussia [now Germany] (d. 30 Jul 1878). Politician.
• 1815 – Edward Clark, was born (d. 1880). Governor of Texas.
• 1823 – Simon Bolivar Buckner Lieutenant General (Confederate Army), was born ( died in 1914).
• 1826 – Samuel Morey patents the internal combustion engine.
• 1831 – Samuel Albert (or Albrecht) Anker, was born (d. 16 Jul 1910). Swiss painter and illustrator, specialized in Children.
• 1833 – El general mexicano Antonio López de Santa Anna se erige en presidente de la república.
• 1833 – Se inaugura la Parroquia de Nuestra Señora de Balvanera, en Buenos Aires.
• 1834 – James Fisk, was born. Entrepreneur (d. 1872) .
• 1839 – Nicolas-Didier Boguet, dies (b. 18 Feb 1755). French painter and draftsman.
• 1839 – Benjamin Pierce dies (b. 1757). Governor of New Hampshire.
• 1856 – Falleció en Buenos Aires, el General Eustaquio Díaz Vélez, patriota que fuera defensor de la Independencia Argentina, estadista y hacendado. Nació en Buenos Aires, el día 2 de Noviembre de 1782.
• 1856 – Charles Maurin, was born (d. 22 Jul 1914). French painter and printmaker. Among his paintings are the Prelude to Lohengrin and Maternity.
• 1865 – American Civil War: Battle of Five Forks – In Petersburg, Virginia, Confederate General Robert E. Lee begins his final offensive.
• 1865 – Richard Zsigmondy, was born. Chemist, Nobel Prize 1925.
• 1866 – Ferruccio Busoni, was born (d. 1924). Pianist and composer.
• 1867 – Singapore becomes British crown colony.
• 1868 – Edmond Rostand was born in Marseille (d. 02 Dec 1918). French poet and dramatist, best-known from his play Cyrano de Bergerac.
• 1872 – Frederick Maurice, dies (b. 1805). English theologian.
• 1873 – The British steamer SS Atlantic sinks off Nova Scotia killing 547.
• 1873 – Sergei Rachmaninoff, was born (d. 1943). Composer, pianist, and conductor.
• 1875 – Edgar Wallace, was born (d. 1932). English playwright, novelist.
• 1878 – (Jean François) Eugène Gautier dies (b. 27 Feb 1822). French composer.
• 1883 – Lon Chaney, Sr., was born in Colorado Springs, Colorado.(d. 26 Aug1930). Actor. Due to his ability to portray an endless variety of characters throughout his career, he became known as “The Man of a Thousand Faces”.
• 1885 – Wallace (Fitzgerald) Beery, was born (d. 15 Apr 1949). Academy award- winning actor: (The Champ [1931-1932], Grand Hotel, We’re in the Navy Now, Treasure Island, The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, The Last of the Mohicans, China Seas) .
• 1888 – Alberto Vacarezza was born in Buenos Aires († 06 Aug 1959).Argentine playwriter.
• 1888 – Soccer team Sparta forms in Rotterdam.
• 1889 – Japón: fundación oficial de Yokohama.
• 1891 – The Wrigley Company is founded in Chicago, Illinois.
• 1891 – Painter Paul Gauguin [07 Jun 1848 – 08 May 1903] leaves Marseille for Tahiti.
• 1895 – Alberta Hunter, was born (d. 1984). Singer.
• 1896 – Theodore Robinson US Impressionist painter born on 03 June 1852. He studied under Claude Monet .
• 1899 – Gustavs Celmins, was born (d. 1968). Politician.
• 1901 – Whittaker Chambers, was born (d. 1961). Hiss case witness.
• 1901 – El ingeniero James Gibb inventa el tenis de mesa o ping pong.
• 1908 – Se funda el club Los Forzosos de Almagro, que a mediados de 1909 se rebautizó San Lorenzo de Almagro.
• 1908 – Abraham Maslow,was born (d. 1970). Psychologist.
• 1910 – Andreas Achenbach, dies (b. 29 Sep 1815). German realist landscape painter.
• 1910 – Mikaïl Alexandrovitch Wrubel (or Wroubel), dies (b. 05 Mar 1856). Russian artist.
• 1910 – Dumitru Dan (Romania) completed a 62,137 mile (100,000 m) walk
• 1914 – Rube Waddell, dies. Baseball Hall of Famer .
• 1915- Otto Wilhelm Fischer, was born. Actor .
• 1917 – Scott Joplin, dies. Musician, composer (b. 1868) .
• 1918 – Royal Air Force is formed with the amalgamation of the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS). The RAF took its place beside the British navy and army as a separate military service with its own ministry.
• 1920 – Toshirô Mifune, was born (d. 1997). Actor.
• 1922 – William Manchester, was born. Writer.
• 1922 – Emperor Karl (Franz Josef) of Austria dies (b. 1887) .
• 1923 – Primeira exibição pública de um filme sonoro, no Rialto Theather de Nova Iorque.
• 1924 – Adolf Hitler is sentenced to five years in jail for his participation in the “Beer Hall Putsch.” However, he spends only nine months in jail, during which he wrote his famous book, Mein Kampf.
• 1924 – First revenue flight for Belgium‘s Sabena Airlines.
• 1924 – Brendan Byrne, was born. Governor of New Jersey
• 1926 – Charles Bressler, was born. American tenor.
• 1926 – Anne McCaffrey, was born. American science fiction author.
• 1926 – Charles Angrand, dies (b. 19 ou 29 Apr 1854). French Normand painter.
• 1928 – Jane Powell, was born. Dancer, actress, singer .
• 1929 – Milan Kundera, was born in Brno, Czechoslovakia. Writer (Unbearable Lightness of Being, L’art du Roman, Joke) .
• 1929 – Louie Marx introduced the Yo-Yo.
• 1930 – Estreia na Alemanha do filme “O anjo azul”, dirigido por Joseph von Sternberg. Nele se estreia a actriz Marlene Dietrich.
• 1930 – Empress Zawditu of Ethiopia dies (b. 1876) .
• 1931 – Rolf Hochhuth, was born. Writer .
• 1932 – Gordon Jump, was born (d. 2003). Actor, “Maytag Repairman”.
• 1932 – Debbie Reynolds, was born. Actress .
• 1933 – The recently elected Nazis under Julius Streicher organize a one-day boycott of all Jewish-owned businesses in Germany, ushering in the series of anti-Semitic acts that will be known as the Holocaust.
• 1934 – Bonnie and Clyde kill two young highway patrolmen near Grapevine, Texas.
• 1934 – Rod Kanehl, was born (d. 2004). Major League Baseball player.
• 1934 – El sacerdote Juan Bosco – beatificado cinco años antes – es proclamado Santo de la Iglesia Católica.
• 1936 – Se realiza en Mendoza la primera Fiesta de la Vendimia.
• 1937 – Aden becomes a British crown colony. liza la guerra civil española y comienza la dictadura franquista.
• 1938 – Ali (Alice) MacGraw was born in Pound Ridge, New York, USA. Actress: ( Goodbye Columbus, Love Story, The Getaway, The Winds of War).
• 1939 – Espanha : Termina a Guerra Civil, com a tomada de Madrid pelas tropas de Franco. A Guerra tinha começado em 1936.
• 1940 – Wangari Maathai, was born . Environmentalist, activist Nobel Prize for Peace em 2004.
• 1945 – World War II: Operation Iceberg – United States troops land on Okinawa in the last campaign of the war.
• 1946 – Aleutian Island earthquake: A 7.8 magnitude earthquake near the Aleutian Islands creates a tsunami that strikes the Hawaiian Islands killing 159 (mostly in Hilo, Hawaii).
• 1946 – Noah Beery, dies . Actor.
• 1947 – King George II of Greece dies (b. 1890).
• 1948 – Cold War: Berlin Airlift – Military forces, under direction of the Soviet-controlled government in East Germany, set-up a land blockade of West Berlin.
• 1948 – Jimmy Cliff, was born. Musician.
• 1949 – Gil Scott-Heron, was born. Musician, composer.
• 1949 – Newfoundland becomes the tenth Province of Canada .
• 1949 – Chinese Civil War: Communist Party of China hold unsuccessful peace talks with the Kuomintang in Beijing, after three years of fighting.
• 1949 – Zsa Zsa Gabor and George Sanders got married.
• 1950 – Charles R. Drew, dies (b. 1904). Physician.
• 1953 – Barry Sonnenfeld, was born. Producer, director.
• 1954 – President Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes the creation of the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado.
• 1955 – Ronnie Burk, was born (d. 2003). Surrealist and AIDS activist.
• 1957 – La India adopta el sistema métrico decimal.
• 1959 – A Mauritânia adopta a sua bandeira.
• 1960 – The United States launches the first weather satellite, TIROS-1.
• 1960 – Lançamento do primeiro satélite meteorológico pelos Estados Unidos da América.
• 1965 – Muere la cosmetóloga y esthéticienne Helena Rubinstein.
• 1965 – Mark Jackson, was born. Professional basketball player.
• 1966 – Flann O’Brien, dies (b. 1911). Humorist.
• 1967- The UnitedStates Department of Transportation begins operation.
• 1968 – Lev Davidovich Landau, dies (b. 1908). Russian physicist.
• 1969 – The Hawker Siddeley Harrier enters service with the RAF.
• 1970 – President Richard Nixon signs the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act into law banning cigarette advertisements in the United States starting on January 1, 1971.
• 1970 – American Motors introduces the Gremlin.
• 1970 – Sung Hi Lee, was born in Seoul, South Korea. Atress.
• 1971 – Method Man, was born. Musician.
• 1973 – Project Tiger, a tiger conservation project, is launched in the Corbett National Park, India.
• 1973 – In Britain, Value Added Tax (VAT) replaced Purchase Tax and Selective Employment Tax.
• 1975 – Magdalena Maleeva was born in Sofia Bulgaria, tennis star (1995 Chicago Moscow) .
• 1975 – Cambodia President Lon Nol flees for Red Khmer.
• 1976 – Apple Computer Company is formed by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak.
• 1976 – Clarence Seedorf Surinam/Dutch soccer player (Ajax, Real Madrid…)
• 1976 – Max Ernst, dies (b. 02 Apr 1891). German /French Surrealist painter and sculptor.
• 1979 – Iran‘s government becomes Islamic Republic by a 98% vote, overthrowing the Shah officially.
• 1980 – Randy Orton, was born. Professional wrestler.
• 1981- Theresa Sokyrka, was born. Canadian Idol runner-up.
• 1982 – Miguel Espinosa Gironés, dies. Spanish writer.
• 1984 – Marvin Gaye, dies shot to death by his father (b. 1939). Singer.
• 1984 -Uruguay: cacerolada contra la dictadura militar.
• 1985 – David Lee Roth announces his departure from Van Halen.
• 1985 – The album “We Are the World” was released. Eight rock stars donated previously unreleased material for the LP.
• 1988 – Joe Besser, dies. Actor, comedian; member of the Three Stooges
• 1991 – Martha Graham, dies (b. 1894). Dancer, choreographer.
• 1993 – Alan Kulwicki, dies (b. 1954). NASCAR driver, 1992 Winston Cup Champion.
• 1993 – Solly Zuckerman, dies. South-African born British zoologist .
• 1994 – Robert Doisneau, dies. French photographer.
• 1996 – University of Kentucky team wins NCAA Men’s Division I Basketball Championship.
• 1996 – Alfredo Nobre da Costa morre (n. 1927). Primeiro Ministro de Portugal entre 28 Ago 1978 e 22 Nov 1978.
• 1996 – Mário Viegas morre em Lisboa, Portugal (nasceu em Santarém em 10 Novembro de 1948). Encenador. Actor. Declamador. Filmografia como actor, escritor compreende, designadamente Judeu, O (1996) … aka The Jew (USA); Afirma Pereira (1996)… aka According to Pereira (USA) ; Fado Lusitano (1994) (voice) Narrator; A Divina Comédia (1991) …. aka The Divine Comedy ; Cornos de Cronos, Os (1991) ; A Mulher do Próximo (1988) ; Repórter X (1987) ; Sem Sombra de Pecado (1983) ; Kilas, o Mau da Fita (1981) … aka The Killers (International: English title) ; Rei das Berlengas, O (1978); Funeral do Patrão, O (1975) ] .
• 1996 – Uma reorganização administrativa na Escócia institui as Autoridades Unitárias .
• 1998 – Rozz Williams, dies (b. 1963). Member of Christian Death.
• 1999 – Nunavut is established as a Canadian territory carved from the eastern part of the Northwest Territories.
• 2000 – Bob and George, a webcomic, appears on the Internet.
• 2001- An EP-3E United States Navy plane collides with a Chinese People’s Liberation Army fighter jet. The Navy crew makes an emergency landing in Hainan, People’s Republic of China and is detained.
• 2001 – Former president of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Slobodan Milosevic surrenders to police special forces, to be tried on charges of war crimes.
• 2001 – The first legal same-sex marriage in the Netherlands is celebrated.
• 2002 – The Netherlands legalizes euthanasia, becoming the only nation in the world to do so.
• 2003 – In Sturgis, Michigan, seven men place signs around town reading “All your base are belong to us,” based on the popular mistranslation from the Japanese video game Zero Wing.
• 2003 – Leslie Cheung, dies (b. 1956). Actor.
• 2003 – Hyosuke Kujiraoka, dies. Former vice speaker of the House of Representatives .
• 2003 – Jessica Lynch was rescued by U.S. commandos in a raid on an Iraqi hospital.
• 2004 – George W. Bush signs the Unborn Victims of Violence Act, which makes an attack that leads to the death of a mother and her unborn child two criminal charges.
• 2004 – The first legal same-sex marriage in the Canadian province of Quebec: Michael Hendricks and René Leboeuf wed in Montreal.
• 2005 – O troféu da Taça Uefa é entregue pelo Valência (último vencedor) na Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. A Taça ficará exposta no Pavilhão do Conhecimento, no Parque das Nações, até à final a ser disputtada no Estádio Alvalalade XXI, a 18 de Maio, altura que será entregue à equipa vencedora da prova na época 2004/2005.
• April 1 is known as April Fool’s Day in many countries. Dia da mentira.

On this day in History – Mar 31 Março 31, 2005

• 250 – Constantius Chlorus, was born. Roman Emperor (d. 306).
• 307 – After divorcing his wife Minerva, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Maximian.
• 1128 – Num diploma desta data, o nome de D. Afonso Henriques aparece à frente de Fernão Peres de Trava, pela primeira vez, demonstrando a tentativa de pacificação entre D. Teresa, Fernão Peres de Trava e a nobreza portucalense revoltada.
• 1371 – É assinado o Tratado de Alcoutim entre D. Fernando e Henrique II de Castela, pelo qual se põe fim à guerra começada em 1369. D. Fernando abdicava das suas pretensões à coroa de Castela, obtendo em troca um alargamento do território de Portugal e o acordo para o seu casamento com a Infanta Dona Leonor, filha mais velha do rei de Castela.
• 1492 – Os reis Católicos, Fernando de Aragão e Isabel de Castela, assinam o decreto de expulsão dos judeus da Espanha.
• 1499 – Pope Pius IV was born (d. 1565) .
• 1504 – Guru Angad Dev, was born. Second Guru of the Sikhs (d. 1552) .
• 1519 – Henry II of France was born. (d. 1559) .
• 1536 – Ashikaga Yoshiteru, was born. Ashikaga shogun (d. 1565) .
• 1596 – René Descartes, was born in La Haye, France. Mathematician (d. 11 Feb 1650) .
• 1621 – Filipe II de Portugal, III de Castela, morre, sucedendo-lhe Filipe III com 16 anos.
• 1621 – Andrew Marvell, was born. English poet (d. 1678) .
• 1667 – Assinatura do tratado de aliança entre D. Afonso VI e Luís XIV (França), contra Carlos II de Espanha.
• 1675 – Pope Benedict XIV was born (d. 1758).
• 1693 – Nasceu o inventor inglês John Harrison, responsável pelo cronómetro .
• 1703 – Portugal, Inglaterra e Holanda assinaram um tratado de aliança ofensiva e defensiva .
• 1717 – A sermon on “The Nature of the Kingdom of Christ” by Benjamin Hoadly, the Bishop of Bangor, provoked the Bangorian Controversy.
• 1732 – Joseph Haydn, was born in Rohrau, Austria. ( d. 31 May 1809 in Vienna). Composer.
• 1742 – P. D. Q. Bach, was born. Fictitious composer (d. 1807).
• 1774- American Revolutionary War: The Kingdom of Great Britain orders the port of Boston, Massachusetts closed in the Boston Port Act.
• 1783 – Nikita Ivanovich Panin, dies, Russian statesman (b. 1718).
• 1791 – Mozart aceita a encomenda anónima de um Requiem, enquanto última a composição da Flauta Mágica.
• 1809 – Nikolai Gogol, was born. Russian writer (d. 1852) .
• 1809 – Edward FitzGerald, was born . Poet (d. 1883) .
• 1811 – Robert Wilhelm Bunsen, was born. Chemist, inventor: Bunsen burner (d. 1899).
• 1821 – É extinta a Inquisição em Portugal, por uma sessão das Cortes Gerais, Extraordinárias e Constituintes da Nação Portuguesa. Tinha sido instituída por meio da bula “Cum ad nihit magis”, de 23 de Maio de 1536.
• 1837 – John Constable, dies, painter (b. 1776) .
• 1839 – Las fuerzas gubernamentales del general y político argentino Juan Manuel de Rosas masacran a los sublevados del barón de Astrada, quien perece en la lucha.
• 1854 – Commodore Matthew Perry signs the Treaty of Kanagawa with the Japanese government, opening the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade.
• 1855 – Charlotte Brontë, dies, English author (b. 1816) .
• 1864 – Manuel Murillo Toro es designado presidente de la República de Colombia .
• 1866 – Spanish Navy bombs the harbour of Valparaíso, Chile .
• 1878 – La Asamblea Nacional de Ecuador promulga una Nueva Constitución bajo la presidencia de Ignacio Veintimilla.
• 1878 – Jack Johnson, was born (d. 1946). African-American boxer.
• 1879 – Se establece por decreto en Venezuela el bolívar como moneda nacional.
• 1880 – Henryk Wieniawski, dies, composer .
• 1885 – The United Kingdom establishes a protectorate over Bechuanaland.
• 1885 – Pascin, the “Prince of Montparnasse” was born (d. 1930) .
• 1889 – The Eiffel Tower is inaugurated.
• 1900 – Richard Alexander Walter Windsor, was born. Duke of Gloucester .
• 1903 – Richard Pearse reportedly flies a heavier-than-air machine in powered flight near Pleasant Point, South Canterbury, New Zealand; some claim 1902
• 1906 – The Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (later National Collegiate Athletic Association) is established to set rules for amateur sports in the United States.
• 1908 – Nascimento de Eugénio Salvador em Lisboa, Portugal (m. Nov. 1992). Actor [Aqui D’El Rei! (1992) (TV) . A Maluquinha de Arroios (1970) Bonança & C.a (1969) Passagem de Nível (1965) Aqui Há Fantasmas (1964) Parque das Ilusões, O (1963) Pupilas do Senhor Reitor, As (1961) Vidas Sem Rumo (1956) Comissário de Polícia, O (1953) Duas Causas (1953) Três da Vida Airada, Os (1952) Um Marido Solteiro (1952); Eram Duzentos Irmãos (1952); Madragoa (1952); Sonhar É Fácil (1951); Sol e Toiros (1949) ; Fado, História d’uma Cantadeira (1948); Cais do Sodré (1946) ;Maria Papoila (1937/I) Lisboa (1930)].
• 1909 – Serbia accepts Austrian control over Bosnia-Herzegovina.
• 1911 – Elisabeth Grümmer, was born. Alsatian soprano (d. 1986) .
• 1912 – Hermann Höcherl, was born. German politician (d. 1989) .
• 1912 – Karl May, dies, author (b. 1842) .
• 1913 – John Pierpont Morgan, dies, American financier and banker (b. 1837) .
• 1914 – Octavio Paz, was born. Mexican writer, diplomat, and nobel laureate (d. 1998) .
• 1915 – Albert Hourani, was born. historian (d. 1993) .
• 1890 – Sir William Lawrence Bragg, físico británico, premio Nobel de Física en 1915.
• 1915 – Wyndham Halswelle, dies, British runner .
• 1915 – Nace Sixto Palavecino, músico argentino.
• 1917 – Emil Adolf von Behring, dies, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1901 (b. 1854) .
• 1917 – Estados Unidos toma posesión de las islas Vírgenes, compradas a Dinamarca por veinte millones de dólares .
• 1917 – The United States takes possession of the U.S. Virgin Islands after paying $25 million to Denmark.
• 1918 – Daylight Savings Time goes into effect in the United States for the first time.
• 1922 – Richard Kiley, was born. Actor, singer (d. 1999) .
• 1926 – John Fowles, was born. Author .
• 1927 – César Chávez, was born. Labor activist (d. 1993) .
• 1927 – William Daniels, was born. Actor .
• 1928 – Gordie Howe, was born. ice hockey player .
• 1928 – Lefty Frizzell, was born. country music performer .
• 1930 – The Motion Pictures Production Code is instituted, imposing strict guidelines on the treatment of sex, crime, religion and violence in motion pictures for the next forty years .
• 1931 – An earthquake destroys Managua Nicaragua, killing 2,000.
• 1931 – Knute Rockne, dies American football coach (b. 1888) .
• 1932 – Nagisa Oshima was born in Kyoto, Japan. Director, Writer, Editor, Actor, Director [ (TV) Kyoto, My Mother’s Place (1991); Max mon amour (1986); Merry Christmas Mr. Lawrence (1983) ; Ai no borei (1978) aka Empire of Passion (USA) ;Ai no corrida (1976) aka Bullfight of Love (Japan: literal English title).. aka Empire of the Senses; The Battle of Tsushima (1975) ; Natsu no imoto (1972)… aka Dear Summer Sister; Shonen (1969)… aka Boy (USA);Nihon shunka-kô (1967)… aka A Treatise on Japanese Bawdy Songs; Ai to kibo no machi (1959)… aka A Street of Love and Hope (literal English title) and many others.].
• 1933 – The Civilian Conservation Corps is established with the mission to relieve rampant unemployment.
• 1933 – El presidente de Uruguay, Gabriel Terra, da un golpe de Estado y disuelve el Parlamento.
• 1934 – Shirley Jones, was born. singer, actress .
• 1935 – Richard Chamberlain, was born actor (Dr. Kildare) .
• 1935 – Herb Alpert, was born. Musician .
• 1935 – Nasce Ruth Escobar, actriz, jornalista e política brasileira .
• 1939 – Zviad Gamsakhurdia, was born (d. 1993). Scientist and writer, first President of the Republic of Georgia .
• 1939 – Volker Schlöndorff, was born. German film director .
• 1940 – Patrick Leahy, was born. United States Senator from Vermont .
• 1943 – Christopher Walken, was born. Actor .
• 1945 – Anne Frank, whose world-famous diary was published after WW II , dies (b. 1929) .
• 1945 – Hans Fischer, químico y médico alemán, premio Nobel de Química en 1930.
• 1946 – Gonzalo Márquez, was born. Major League Baseball player (d. 1984) .
• 1948 – Al Gore, was born. Former Vice President of the United States .
• 1948 – Rhea Perlman, was born. Actress .
• 1948 – Aprovação pelo Congresso dos Estados Unidos da América do chamdao “Plano Marshall”.
• 1949 – Bethel Enproe Adam, was born. Second Angam Baby .
• 1947 – En Paraguay, las fuerzas rebeldes contra el Gobierno de Higinio Moriñigo son derrotadas en Piripuco.
• 1947 – Nace de César Gaviria, estadista y diplomático colombiano.
• 1949 – Terranova ingresa en la Federación Canadiense, y se constituye en la décima provincia de Canadá.
• 1953 – Foram descobertos os “Manuscritos do Mar Morto” .
• 1954 – Edwin Armstrong, dies, electrical engineer .
• 1956 – Ralph DePalma, dies, race car driver (b. 1884) .
• 1959 – The 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, crosses the border into India and is granted political asylum.
• 1964 – Golpe militar de 1964 no Brasil derruba o presidente João Goulart .
• 1964 – The Dictatorship in Brazil, under the aegis of general Castello Branco, begins.
• 1966 – The Soviet Union launches Luna 10 which later becomes the first spaceprobe to enter orbit around the Moon.
• 1966 – Roger Black, was born. British athlete .
• 1967 – Jimi Hendrix burns his guitar for the first time at London‘s Astoria Theatre. He is sent to the hospital afterwards for burns on his hands.
• 1968 – President Lyndon Johnson announces he will not run for re-election.
• 1970 – Explorer 1 re-enters the Earth‘s atmosphere (after 12 years in orbit).
• 1970 – Eight terrorists from the Japanese Red Army hijacked a Japan Airlines Boeing 727 at Tokyo International Airport, wielding samurai swords and carrying a bomb.
• 1971 – Ewan McGregor, was born. Scottish actor .
• 1971 – Pavel Bure, was born. Ice hockey player .
• 1972 – Alejandro Amenábar, was born in Santiago do Chile, actor, writer, director cine
• 1976 – Josh Saviano, was born. Actor (The Wonder Years) .
• 1978 – Charles Best, dies, medical scientist (b. 1899) .
• 1979 – In Jerusalem, Israel, Gali Atari & Milk and Honey win the twenth-fourth Eurovision Song Contest for Israel singing “Hallelujah”.
• 1980 – Jesse Owens, dies, athlete (b. 1913)
• 1984 – El presidente de Honduras, Roberto Suazo Córdova, asume el mando temporal de las Fuerzas Armadas.
• 1985 – The first ever WrestleMania is held in New York City‘s Madison Square Garden.
  1986 – A Mexicana Boeing 727 enroute to Puerto Vallarta erupts in flames and crashes in the mountains northwest of Mexico City, killing 166 .
• 1986 – Six metropolitan county councils are abolished in England .
• 1987 – El Papa, Juan Pablo II, llega a Montevideo en su octava visita a Iberoamérica.
• 1988 – William McMahon, dies, twentieth Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1908) ,
• 1989 – Yaser Arafat es proclamado presidente de Palestina por decisión unánime de los 70 miembros del Comité Central de la OLP.
• 1990 – El político español José María Aznar es elegido presidente del Partido Popular.
• 1990 – Boxer Julio César Chávez defeats Meldrick Taylor to unify the boxing‘s world junior welterweight title in a very controversial fight known as “Thunder Meets Lightning“.
• 1991 – The Warsaw Pact comes to an end.
• 1992 – Boris Yeltsin firma en Moscú el Tratado de la Federación con 18 repúblicas rusas.
• 1992 – The television news program Dateline NBC premieres.
• 1992 – A inflação no Brasil atinge um pico recorde de 84,3% no mês. Nos últimos 12 meses a inflação havia chegado a 4.854%
• 1993 – O Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas aprovam o uso de força militar na Iugoslávia.
• 1993 – Actor Brandon Lee is accidentally killed during the filming of The Crow (b. 1965).
• 1994 – The journal Nature reports the finding in Ethiopia of the first complete Australopithecus afarensis skull (see Human evolution).
• 1995 – Popular Tex-Mex singer Selena Quintanilla is murdered by her assistant Yolanda Saldivar in a Corpus Christi, Texas motel after a heated discussion where the latter was accused of ripping off the artist’s fan club.
• 1995 – Selena, dies, Tejano singer (b. 1971) .
• 1998 – Bella Abzug, dies American politician (b. 1920) .
• 1998 – Netscape gives the code base of its browser under an open-source license agreement, thus creating Mozilla Foundation, a not-for-profit corporation to oversee the development of Mozilla.
• 2002 – Barry Took, dies, British comedian and writer.
• 2003 – H.S.M. Coxeter, dies, geometer and author.
• 2003 – Michael Jeter, dies, actor .
• 2004 – Google announces Gmail, the first web-based mail service to offer 1 gigabyte of storage.
• 2004 – In Fallujah, Iraq, 4 American private military contractors working for Blackwater USA, are killed and their bodies mutilated after being ambushed.
• 2004 – Sandton Square in Johannesburg, South Africa, is renamed Nelson Mandela Square.
• Brasil: Dia da Integração Nacional

On this day in History – Mar 31

• 250 – Constantius Chlorus, was born. Roman Emperor (d. 306).
• 307 – After divorcing his wife Minerva, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Maximian.
• 1128 – Num diploma desta data, o nome de D. Afonso Henriques aparece à frente de Fernão Peres de Trava, pela primeira vez, demonstrando a tentativa de pacificação entre D. Teresa, Fernão Peres de Trava e a nobreza portucalense revoltada.
• 1371 – É assinado o Tratado de Alcoutim entre D. Fernando e Henrique II de Castela, pelo qual se põe fim à guerra começada em 1369. D. Fernando abdicava das suas pretensões à coroa de Castela, obtendo em troca um alargamento do território de Portugal e o acordo para o seu casamento com a Infanta Dona Leonor, filha mais velha do rei de Castela.
• 1492 – Os reis Católicos, Fernando de Aragão e Isabel de Castela, assinam o decreto de expulsão dos judeus da Espanha.
• 1499 – Pope Pius IV was born (d. 1565) .
• 1504 – Guru Angad Dev, was born. Second Guru of the Sikhs (d. 1552) .
• 1519 – Henry II of France was born. (d. 1559) .
• 1536 – Ashikaga Yoshiteru, was born. Ashikaga shogun (d. 1565) .
• 1596 – René Descartes, was born in La Haye, France. Mathematician (d. 11 Feb 1650) .
• 1621 – Filipe II de Portugal, III de Castela, morre, sucedendo-lhe Filipe III com 16 anos.
• 1621 – Andrew Marvell, was born. English poet (d. 1678) .
• 1667 – Assinatura do tratado de aliança entre D. Afonso VI e Luís XIV (França), contra Carlos II de Espanha.
• 1675 – Pope Benedict XIV was born (d. 1758).
• 1693 – Nasceu o inventor inglês John Harrison, responsável pelo cronómetro .
• 1703 – Portugal, Inglaterra e Holanda assinaram um tratado de aliança ofensiva e defensiva .
• 1717 – A sermon on “The Nature of the Kingdom of Christ” by Benjamin Hoadly, the Bishop of Bangor, provoked the Bangorian Controversy.
• 1732 – Joseph Haydn, was born in Rohrau, Austria. ( d. 31 May 1809 in Vienna). Composer.
• 1742 – P. D. Q. Bach, was born. Fictitious composer (d. 1807).
• 1774- American Revolutionary War: The Kingdom of Great Britain orders the port of Boston, Massachusetts closed in the Boston Port Act.
• 1783 – Nikita Ivanovich Panin, dies, Russian statesman (b. 1718).
• 1791 – Mozart aceita a encomenda anónima de um Requiem, enquanto última a composição da Flauta Mágica.
• 1809 – Nikolai Gogol, was born. Russian writer (d. 1852) .
• 1809 – Edward FitzGerald, was born . Poet (d. 1883) .
• 1811 – Robert Wilhelm Bunsen, was born. Chemist, inventor: Bunsen burner (d. 1899).
• 1821 – É extinta a Inquisição em Portugal, por uma sessão das Cortes Gerais, Extraordinárias e Constituintes da Nação Portuguesa. Tinha sido instituída por meio da bula “Cum ad nihit magis”, de 23 de Maio de 1536.
• 1837 – John Constable, dies, painter (b. 1776) .
• 1839 – Las fuerzas gubernamentales del general y político argentino Juan Manuel de Rosas masacran a los sublevados del barón de Astrada, quien perece en la lucha.
• 1854 – Commodore Matthew Perry signs the Treaty of Kanagawa with the Japanese government, opening the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade.
• 1855 – Charlotte Brontë, dies, English author (b. 1816) .
• 1864 – Manuel Murillo Toro es designado presidente de la República de Colombia .
• 1866 – Spanish Navy bombs the harbour of Valparaíso, Chile .
• 1878 – La Asamblea Nacional de Ecuador promulga una Nueva Constitución bajo la presidencia de Ignacio Veintimilla.
• 1878 – Jack Johnson, was born (d. 1946). African-American boxer.
• 1879 – Se establece por decreto en Venezuela el bolívar como moneda nacional.
• 1880 – Henryk Wieniawski, dies, composer .
• 1885 – The United Kingdom establishes a protectorate over Bechuanaland.
• 1885 – Pascin, the “Prince of Montparnasse” was born (d. 1930) .
• 1889 – The Eiffel Tower is inaugurated.
• 1900 – Richard Alexander Walter Windsor, was born. Duke of Gloucester .
• 1903 – Richard Pearse reportedly flies a heavier-than-air machine in powered flight near Pleasant Point, South Canterbury, New Zealand; some claim 1902
• 1906 – The Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (later National Collegiate Athletic Association) is established to set rules for amateur sports in the United States.
• 1908 – Nascimento de Eugénio Salvador em Lisboa, Portugal (m. Nov. 1992). Actor [Aqui D’El Rei! (1992) (TV) . A Maluquinha de Arroios (1970) Bonança & C.a (1969) Passagem de Nível (1965) Aqui Há Fantasmas (1964) Parque das Ilusões, O (1963) Pupilas do Senhor Reitor, As (1961) Vidas Sem Rumo (1956) Comissário de Polícia, O (1953) Duas Causas (1953) Três da Vida Airada, Os (1952) Um Marido Solteiro (1952); Eram Duzentos Irmãos (1952); Madragoa (1952); Sonhar É Fácil (1951); Sol e Toiros (1949) ; Fado, História d’uma Cantadeira (1948); Cais do Sodré (1946) ;Maria Papoila (1937/I) Lisboa (1930)].
• 1909 – Serbia accepts Austrian control over Bosnia-Herzegovina.
• 1911 – Elisabeth Grümmer, was born. Alsatian soprano (d. 1986) .
• 1912 – Hermann Höcherl, was born. German politician (d. 1989) .
• 1912 – Karl May, dies, author (b. 1842) .
• 1913 – John Pierpont Morgan, dies, American financier and banker (b. 1837) .
• 1914 – Octavio Paz, was born. Mexican writer, diplomat, and nobel laureate (d. 1998) .
• 1915 – Albert Hourani, was born. historian (d. 1993) .
• 1890 – Sir William Lawrence Bragg, físico británico, premio Nobel de Física en 1915.
• 1915 – Wyndham Halswelle, dies, British runner .
• 1915 – Nace Sixto Palavecino, músico argentino.
• 1917 – Emil Adolf von Behring, dies, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1901 (b. 1854) .
• 1917 – Estados Unidos toma posesión de las islas Vírgenes, compradas a Dinamarca por veinte millones de dólares .
• 1917 – The United States takes possession of the U.S. Virgin Islands after paying $25 million to Denmark.
• 1918 – Daylight Savings Time goes into effect in the United States for the first time.
• 1922 – Richard Kiley, was born. Actor, singer (d. 1999) .
• 1926 – John Fowles, was born. Author .
• 1927 – César Chávez, was born. Labor activist (d. 1993) .
• 1927 – William Daniels, was born. Actor .
• 1928 – Gordie Howe, was born. ice hockey player .
• 1928 – Lefty Frizzell, was born. country music performer .
• 1930 – The Motion Pictures Production Code is instituted, imposing strict guidelines on the treatment of sex, crime, religion and violence in motion pictures for the next forty years .
• 1931 – An earthquake destroys Managua Nicaragua, killing 2,000.
• 1931 – Knute Rockne, dies American football coach (b. 1888) .
• 1932 – Nagisa Oshima was born in Kyoto, Japan. Director, Writer, Editor, Actor, Director [ (TV) Kyoto, My Mother’s Place (1991); Max mon amour (1986); Merry Christmas Mr. Lawrence (1983) ; Ai no borei (1978) aka Empire of Passion (USA) ;Ai no corrida (1976) aka Bullfight of Love (Japan: literal English title).. aka Empire of the Senses; The Battle of Tsushima (1975) ; Natsu no imoto (1972)… aka Dear Summer Sister; Shonen (1969)… aka Boy (USA);Nihon shunka-kô (1967)… aka A Treatise on Japanese Bawdy Songs; Ai to kibo no machi (1959)… aka A Street of Love and Hope (literal English title) and many others.].
• 1933 – The Civilian Conservation Corps is established with the mission to relieve rampant unemployment.
• 1933 – El presidente de Uruguay, Gabriel Terra, da un golpe de Estado y disuelve el Parlamento.
• 1934 – Shirley Jones, was born. singer, actress .
• 1935 – Richard Chamberlain, was born actor (Dr. Kildare) .
• 1935 – Herb Alpert, was born. Musician .
• 1935 – Nasce Ruth Escobar, actriz, jornalista e política brasileira .
• 1939 – Zviad Gamsakhurdia, was born (d. 1993). Scientist and writer, first President of the Republic of Georgia .
• 1939 – Volker Schlöndorff, was born. German film director .
• 1940 – Patrick Leahy, was born. United States Senator from Vermont .
• 1943 – Christopher Walken, was born. Actor .
• 1945 – Anne Frank, whose world-famous diary was published after WW II , dies (b. 1929) .
• 1945 – Hans Fischer, químico y médico alemán, premio Nobel de Química en 1930.
• 1946 – Gonzalo Márquez, was born. Major League Baseball player (d. 1984) .
• 1948 – Al Gore, was born. Former Vice President of the United States .
• 1948 – Rhea Perlman, was born. Actress .
• 1948 – Aprovação pelo Congresso dos Estados Unidos da América do chamdao “Plano Marshall”.
• 1949 – Bethel Enproe Adam, was born. Second Angam Baby .
• 1947 – En Paraguay, las fuerzas rebeldes contra el Gobierno de Higinio Moriñigo son derrotadas en Piripuco.
• 1947 – Nace de César Gaviria, estadista y diplomático colombiano.
• 1949 – Terranova ingresa en la Federación Canadiense, y se constituye en la décima provincia de Canadá.
• 1953 – Foram descobertos os “Manuscritos do Mar Morto” .
• 1954 – Edwin Armstrong, dies, electrical engineer .
• 1956 – Ralph DePalma, dies, race car driver (b. 1884) .
• 1959 – The 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, crosses the border into India and is granted political asylum.
• 1964 – Golpe militar de 1964 no Brasil derruba o presidente João Goulart .
• 1964 – The Dictatorship in Brazil, under the aegis of general Castello Branco, begins.
• 1966 – The Soviet Union launches Luna 10 which later becomes the first spaceprobe to enter orbit around the Moon.
• 1966 – Roger Black, was born. British athlete .
• 1967 – Jimi Hendrix burns his guitar for the first time at London‘s Astoria Theatre. He is sent to the hospital afterwards for burns on his hands.
• 1968 – President Lyndon Johnson announces he will not run for re-election.
• 1970 – Explorer 1 re-enters the Earth‘s atmosphere (after 12 years in orbit).
• 1970 – Eight terrorists from the Japanese Red Army hijacked a Japan Airlines Boeing 727 at Tokyo International Airport, wielding samurai swords and carrying a bomb.
• 1971 – Ewan McGregor, was born. Scottish actor .
• 1971 – Pavel Bure, was born. Ice hockey player .
• 1972 – Alejandro Amenábar, was born in Santiago do Chile, actor, writer, director cine
• 1976 – Josh Saviano, was born. Actor (The Wonder Years) .
• 1978 – Charles Best, dies, medical scientist (b. 1899) .
• 1979 – In Jerusalem, Israel, Gali Atari & Milk and Honey win the twenth-fourth Eurovision Song Contest for Israel singing “Hallelujah”.
• 1980 – Jesse Owens, dies, athlete (b. 1913)
• 1984 – El presidente de Honduras, Roberto Suazo Córdova, asume el mando temporal de las Fuerzas Armadas.
• 1985 – The first ever WrestleMania is held in New York City‘s Madison Square Garden.
  1986 – A Mexicana Boeing 727 enroute to Puerto Vallarta erupts in flames and crashes in the mountains northwest of Mexico City, killing 166 .
• 1986 – Six metropolitan county councils are abolished in England .
• 1987 – El Papa, Juan Pablo II, llega a Montevideo en su octava visita a Iberoamérica.
• 1988 – William McMahon, dies, twentieth Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1908) ,
• 1989 – Yaser Arafat es proclamado presidente de Palestina por decisión unánime de los 70 miembros del Comité Central de la OLP.
• 1990 – El político español José María Aznar es elegido presidente del Partido Popular.
• 1990 – Boxer Julio César Chávez defeats Meldrick Taylor to unify the boxing‘s world junior welterweight title in a very controversial fight known as “Thunder Meets Lightning“.
• 1991 – The Warsaw Pact comes to an end.
• 1992 – Boris Yeltsin firma en Moscú el Tratado de la Federación con 18 repúblicas rusas.
• 1992 – The television news program Dateline NBC premieres.
• 1992 – A inflação no Brasil atinge um pico recorde de 84,3% no mês. Nos últimos 12 meses a inflação havia chegado a 4.854%
• 1993 – O Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas aprovam o uso de força militar na Iugoslávia.
• 1993 – Actor Brandon Lee is accidentally killed during the filming of The Crow (b. 1965).
• 1994 – The journal Nature reports the finding in Ethiopia of the first complete Australopithecus afarensis skull (see Human evolution).
• 1995 – Popular Tex-Mex singer Selena Quintanilla is murdered by her assistant Yolanda Saldivar in a Corpus Christi, Texas motel after a heated discussion where the latter was accused of ripping off the artist’s fan club.
• 1995 – Selena, dies, Tejano singer (b. 1971) .
• 1998 – Bella Abzug, dies American politician (b. 1920) .
• 1998 – Netscape gives the code base of its browser under an open-source license agreement, thus creating Mozilla Foundation, a not-for-profit corporation to oversee the development of Mozilla.
• 2002 – Barry Took, dies, British comedian and writer.
• 2003 – H.S.M. Coxeter, dies, geometer and author.
• 2003 – Michael Jeter, dies, actor .
• 2004 – Google announces Gmail, the first web-based mail service to offer 1 gigabyte of storage.
• 2004 – In Fallujah, Iraq, 4 American private military contractors working for Blackwater USA, are killed and their bodies mutilated after being ambushed.
• 2004 – Sandton Square in Johannesburg, South Africa, is renamed Nelson Mandela Square.
• Brasil: Dia da Integração Nacional

On this day in History – Mar 31

• 250 – Constantius Chlorus, was born. Roman Emperor (d. 306).
• 307 – After divorcing his wife Minerva, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Maximian.
• 1128 – Num diploma desta data, o nome de D. Afonso Henriques aparece à frente de Fernão Peres de Trava, pela primeira vez, demonstrando a tentativa de pacificação entre D. Teresa, Fernão Peres de Trava e a nobreza portucalense revoltada.
• 1371 – É assinado o Tratado de Alcoutim entre D. Fernando e Henrique II de Castela, pelo qual se põe fim à guerra começada em 1369. D. Fernando abdicava das suas pretensões à coroa de Castela, obtendo em troca um alargamento do território de Portugal e o acordo para o seu casamento com a Infanta Dona Leonor, filha mais velha do rei de Castela.
• 1492 – Os reis Católicos, Fernando de Aragão e Isabel de Castela, assinam o decreto de expulsão dos judeus da Espanha.
• 1499 – Pope Pius IV was born (d. 1565) .
• 1504 – Guru Angad Dev, was born. Second Guru of the Sikhs (d. 1552) .
• 1519 – Henry II of France was born. (d. 1559) .
• 1536 – Ashikaga Yoshiteru, was born. Ashikaga shogun (d. 1565) .
• 1596 – René Descartes, was born in La Haye, France. Mathematician (d. 11 Feb 1650) .
• 1621 – Filipe II de Portugal, III de Castela, morre, sucedendo-lhe Filipe III com 16 anos.
• 1621 – Andrew Marvell, was born. English poet (d. 1678) .
• 1667 – Assinatura do tratado de aliança entre D. Afonso VI e Luís XIV (França), contra Carlos II de Espanha.
• 1675 – Pope Benedict XIV was born (d. 1758).
• 1693 – Nasceu o inventor inglês John Harrison, responsável pelo cronómetro .
• 1703 – Portugal, Inglaterra e Holanda assinaram um tratado de aliança ofensiva e defensiva .
• 1717 – A sermon on “The Nature of the Kingdom of Christ” by Benjamin Hoadly, the Bishop of Bangor, provoked the Bangorian Controversy.
• 1732 – Joseph Haydn, was born in Rohrau, Austria. ( d. 31 May 1809 in Vienna). Composer.
• 1742 – P. D. Q. Bach, was born. Fictitious composer (d. 1807).
• 1774- American Revolutionary War: The Kingdom of Great Britain orders the port of Boston, Massachusetts closed in the Boston Port Act.
• 1783 – Nikita Ivanovich Panin, dies, Russian statesman (b. 1718).
• 1791 – Mozart aceita a encomenda anónima de um Requiem, enquanto última a composição da Flauta Mágica.
• 1809 – Nikolai Gogol, was born. Russian writer (d. 1852) .
• 1809 – Edward FitzGerald, was born . Poet (d. 1883) .
• 1811 – Robert Wilhelm Bunsen, was born. Chemist, inventor: Bunsen burner (d. 1899).
• 1821 – É extinta a Inquisição em Portugal, por uma sessão das Cortes Gerais, Extraordinárias e Constituintes da Nação Portuguesa. Tinha sido instituída por meio da bula “Cum ad nihit magis”, de 23 de Maio de 1536.
• 1837 – John Constable, dies, painter (b. 1776) .
• 1839 – Las fuerzas gubernamentales del general y político argentino Juan Manuel de Rosas masacran a los sublevados del barón de Astrada, quien perece en la lucha.
• 1854 – Commodore Matthew Perry signs the Treaty of Kanagawa with the Japanese government, opening the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade.
• 1855 – Charlotte Brontë, dies, English author (b. 1816) .
• 1864 – Manuel Murillo Toro es designado presidente de la República de Colombia .
• 1866 – Spanish Navy bombs the harbour of Valparaíso, Chile .
• 1878 – La Asamblea Nacional de Ecuador promulga una Nueva Constitución bajo la presidencia de Ignacio Veintimilla.
• 1878 – Jack Johnson, was born (d. 1946). African-American boxer.
• 1879 – Se establece por decreto en Venezuela el bolívar como moneda nacional.
• 1880 – Henryk Wieniawski, dies, composer .
• 1885 – The United Kingdom establishes a protectorate over Bechuanaland.
• 1885 – Pascin, the “Prince of Montparnasse” was born (d. 1930) .
• 1889 – The Eiffel Tower is inaugurated.
• 1900 – Richard Alexander Walter Windsor, was born. Duke of Gloucester .
• 1903 – Richard Pearse reportedly flies a heavier-than-air machine in powered flight near Pleasant Point, South Canterbury, New Zealand; some claim 1902
• 1906 – The Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (later National Collegiate Athletic Association) is established to set rules for amateur sports in the United States.
• 1908 – Nascimento de Eugénio Salvador em Lisboa, Portugal (m. Nov. 1992). Actor [Aqui D’El Rei! (1992) (TV) . A Maluquinha de Arroios (1970) Bonança & C.a (1969) Passagem de Nível (1965) Aqui Há Fantasmas (1964) Parque das Ilusões, O (1963) Pupilas do Senhor Reitor, As (1961) Vidas Sem Rumo (1956) Comissário de Polícia, O (1953) Duas Causas (1953) Três da Vida Airada, Os (1952) Um Marido Solteiro (1952); Eram Duzentos Irmãos (1952); Madragoa (1952); Sonhar É Fácil (1951); Sol e Toiros (1949) ; Fado, História d’uma Cantadeira (1948); Cais do Sodré (1946) ;Maria Papoila (1937/I) Lisboa (1930)].
• 1909 – Serbia accepts Austrian control over Bosnia-Herzegovina.
• 1911 – Elisabeth Grümmer, was born. Alsatian soprano (d. 1986) .
• 1912 – Hermann Höcherl, was born. German politician (d. 1989) .
• 1912 – Karl May, dies, author (b. 1842) .
• 1913 – John Pierpont Morgan, dies, American financier and banker (b. 1837) .
• 1914 – Octavio Paz, was born. Mexican writer, diplomat, and nobel laureate (d. 1998) .
• 1915 – Albert Hourani, was born. historian (d. 1993) .
• 1890 – Sir William Lawrence Bragg, físico británico, premio Nobel de Física en 1915.
• 1915 – Wyndham Halswelle, dies, British runner .
• 1915 – Nace Sixto Palavecino, músico argentino.
• 1917 – Emil Adolf von Behring, dies, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1901 (b. 1854) .
• 1917 – Estados Unidos toma posesión de las islas Vírgenes, compradas a Dinamarca por veinte millones de dólares .
• 1917 – The United States takes possession of the U.S. Virgin Islands after paying $25 million to Denmark.
• 1918 – Daylight Savings Time goes into effect in the United States for the first time.
• 1922 – Richard Kiley, was born. Actor, singer (d. 1999) .
• 1926 – John Fowles, was born. Author .
• 1927 – César Chávez, was born. Labor activist (d. 1993) .
• 1927 – William Daniels, was born. Actor .
• 1928 – Gordie Howe, was born. ice hockey player .
• 1928 – Lefty Frizzell, was born. country music performer .
• 1930 – The Motion Pictures Production Code is instituted, imposing strict guidelines on the treatment of sex, crime, religion and violence in motion pictures for the next forty years .
• 1931 – An earthquake destroys Managua Nicaragua, killing 2,000.
• 1931 – Knute Rockne, dies American football coach (b. 1888) .
• 1932 – Nagisa Oshima was born in Kyoto, Japan. Director, Writer, Editor, Actor, Director [ (TV) Kyoto, My Mother’s Place (1991); Max mon amour (1986); Merry Christmas Mr. Lawrence (1983) ; Ai no borei (1978) aka Empire of Passion (USA) ;Ai no corrida (1976) aka Bullfight of Love (Japan: literal English title).. aka Empire of the Senses; The Battle of Tsushima (1975) ; Natsu no imoto (1972)… aka Dear Summer Sister; Shonen (1969)… aka Boy (USA);Nihon shunka-kô (1967)… aka A Treatise on Japanese Bawdy Songs; Ai to kibo no machi (1959)… aka A Street of Love and Hope (literal English title) and many others.].
• 1933 – The Civilian Conservation Corps is established with the mission to relieve rampant unemployment.
• 1933 – El presidente de Uruguay, Gabriel Terra, da un golpe de Estado y disuelve el Parlamento.
• 1934 – Shirley Jones, was born. singer, actress .
• 1935 – Richard Chamberlain, was born actor (Dr. Kildare) .
• 1935 – Herb Alpert, was born. Musician .
• 1935 – Nasce Ruth Escobar, actriz, jornalista e política brasileira .
• 1939 – Zviad Gamsakhurdia, was born (d. 1993). Scientist and writer, first President of the Republic of Georgia .
• 1939 – Volker Schlöndorff, was born. German film director .
• 1940 – Patrick Leahy, was born. United States Senator from Vermont .
• 1943 – Christopher Walken, was born. Actor .
• 1945 – Anne Frank, whose world-famous diary was published after WW II , dies (b. 1929) .
• 1945 – Hans Fischer, químico y médico alemán, premio Nobel de Química en 1930.
• 1946 – Gonzalo Márquez, was born. Major League Baseball player (d. 1984) .
• 1948 – Al Gore, was born. Former Vice President of the United States .
• 1948 – Rhea Perlman, was born. Actress .
• 1948 – Aprovação pelo Congresso dos Estados Unidos da América do chamdao “Plano Marshall”.
• 1949 – Bethel Enproe Adam, was born. Second Angam Baby .
• 1947 – En Paraguay, las fuerzas rebeldes contra el Gobierno de Higinio Moriñigo son derrotadas en Piripuco.
• 1947 – Nace de César Gaviria, estadista y diplomático colombiano.
• 1949 – Terranova ingresa en la Federación Canadiense, y se constituye en la décima provincia de Canadá.
• 1953 – Foram descobertos os “Manuscritos do Mar Morto” .
• 1954 – Edwin Armstrong, dies, electrical engineer .
• 1956 – Ralph DePalma, dies, race car driver (b. 1884) .
• 1959 – The 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, crosses the border into India and is granted political asylum.
• 1964 – Golpe militar de 1964 no Brasil derruba o presidente João Goulart .
• 1964 – The Dictatorship in Brazil, under the aegis of general Castello Branco, begins.
• 1966 – The Soviet Union launches Luna 10 which later becomes the first spaceprobe to enter orbit around the Moon.
• 1966 – Roger Black, was born. British athlete .
• 1967 – Jimi Hendrix burns his guitar for the first time at London‘s Astoria Theatre. He is sent to the hospital afterwards for burns on his hands.
• 1968 – President Lyndon Johnson announces he will not run for re-election.
• 1970 – Explorer 1 re-enters the Earth‘s atmosphere (after 12 years in orbit).
• 1970 – Eight terrorists from the Japanese Red Army hijacked a Japan Airlines Boeing 727 at Tokyo International Airport, wielding samurai swords and carrying a bomb.
• 1971 – Ewan McGregor, was born. Scottish actor .
• 1971 – Pavel Bure, was born. Ice hockey player .
• 1972 – Alejandro Amenábar, was born in Santiago do Chile, actor, writer, director cine
• 1976 – Josh Saviano, was born. Actor (The Wonder Years) .
• 1978 – Charles Best, dies, medical scientist (b. 1899) .
• 1979 – In Jerusalem, Israel, Gali Atari & Milk and Honey win the twenth-fourth Eurovision Song Contest for Israel singing “Hallelujah”.
• 1980 – Jesse Owens, dies, athlete (b. 1913)
• 1984 – El presidente de Honduras, Roberto Suazo Córdova, asume el mando temporal de las Fuerzas Armadas.
• 1985 – The first ever WrestleMania is held in New York City‘s Madison Square Garden.
  1986 – A Mexicana Boeing 727 enroute to Puerto Vallarta erupts in flames and crashes in the mountains northwest of Mexico City, killing 166 .
• 1986 – Six metropolitan county councils are abolished in England .
• 1987 – El Papa, Juan Pablo II, llega a Montevideo en su octava visita a Iberoamérica.
• 1988 – William McMahon, dies, twentieth Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1908) ,
• 1989 – Yaser Arafat es proclamado presidente de Palestina por decisión unánime de los 70 miembros del Comité Central de la OLP.
• 1990 – El político español José María Aznar es elegido presidente del Partido Popular.
• 1990 – Boxer Julio César Chávez defeats Meldrick Taylor to unify the boxing‘s world junior welterweight title in a very controversial fight known as “Thunder Meets Lightning“.
• 1991 – The Warsaw Pact comes to an end.
• 1992 – Boris Yeltsin firma en Moscú el Tratado de la Federación con 18 repúblicas rusas.
• 1992 – The television news program Dateline NBC premieres.
• 1992 – A inflação no Brasil atinge um pico recorde de 84,3% no mês. Nos últimos 12 meses a inflação havia chegado a 4.854%
• 1993 – O Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas aprovam o uso de força militar na Iugoslávia.
• 1993 – Actor Brandon Lee is accidentally killed during the filming of The Crow (b. 1965).
• 1994 – The journal Nature reports the finding in Ethiopia of the first complete Australopithecus afarensis skull (see Human evolution).
• 1995 – Popular Tex-Mex singer Selena Quintanilla is murdered by her assistant Yolanda Saldivar in a Corpus Christi, Texas motel after a heated discussion where the latter was accused of ripping off the artist’s fan club.
• 1995 – Selena, dies, Tejano singer (b. 1971) .
• 1998 – Bella Abzug, dies American politician (b. 1920) .
• 1998 – Netscape gives the code base of its browser under an open-source license agreement, thus creating Mozilla Foundation, a not-for-profit corporation to oversee the development of Mozilla.
• 2002 – Barry Took, dies, British comedian and writer.
• 2003 – H.S.M. Coxeter, dies, geometer and author.
• 2003 – Michael Jeter, dies, actor .
• 2004 – Google announces Gmail, the first web-based mail service to offer 1 gigabyte of storage.
• 2004 – In Fallujah, Iraq, 4 American private military contractors working for Blackwater USA, are killed and their bodies mutilated after being ambushed.
• 2004 – Sandton Square in Johannesburg, South Africa, is renamed Nelson Mandela Square.
• Brasil: Dia da Integração Nacional

Portugal empata na Eslováquia 1 – 1 Março 30, 2005

Do mal o menos. Em Junho ajustamos contas

ESLOVÁQUIA – Contofalsky; Petras; Hanek; Varga e Karhan; Zabavnik, Hlinka, Mintal e Michalik; Jakubk e Nemeth.
PORTUGAL – Ricardo; Paulo Ferreira, Ricardo Carvalho, Jorge Andrade e Nuno Valente; Costinha, Maniche; Cristiano Ronaldo, Deco e Simão; Pauleta.
Árbitros: Alain Sars, Aux – Frédéric Arnault,Vincent Texier , 4º Pascal Garibian

Uma exibição descolorida e pouco ambiciosa da equipa de Portugal não permitiu fazer melhor do que empatar na Eslováquia em jogo para o Grupo 3 Europeu de Qualificação para o Mundial da Alemanha 2006.

Portugal a começar mal o jogo sofrendo o golo aos 7′ na sequencia de um penalty, cometido por Paulo Ferreira sobre Mintal, que Kahran concretizou. À medida que o jogo decorria Portugal foi melhorando mas passou ainda por um calafrio numa jogada de contra ataque aos 22′ com finalização de Nemeth que Ricardo evitou com grande defesa o 2-0. Portugal a perder tinha que ter iniciativa e dispôs de uma grande oportunidade por Simão em plena área frente ao guarda redes falhou o 1-1 ao chutar contra o corpo deste (34′). A tendencia do jogo era de ataque de Portugal mas no início da 2ª parte repetiu-se a “cena” da primeira.

Os eslovacos começam melhor a 2ª parte, menos recuados e com mais iniciativa. Scolari mexe na equipa e na altura não se diria que se concordava com a alteração. Tirou Pauleta entrou Postiga (aos 56′) ou seja avançado por avançado com a agravante de Postiga não estar a fazer grande época no seu clube.

Cristiano Ronaldo aos 60′ em jogada de inspiração desfere um pontapé de fora da área que se diria indefensável, mas uma defesa absolutamente espantosa de Contofalsky, todo esticado na horizontal conseguiu evitar o 1-1 desviando a bola para canto. Tratou-se, porém, de um adiamento porque na sequência do canto Ricardo Carvalho ganhou de cabeça e depois Postiga (jackpot de Scolari) a desviar vitoriosamente para o 1-1.

Os eslovacos sentiram o golo e abanaram mas Portugal não teve maior ambição para procurar a vitória; foi então a partir dos 80′ que os eslovacos, voltaram a acreditar que podiam ganhar e atacaram vendo-se erros de Nuno Valente – a obrigar Costinha a fazer falta e levar cartão amarelo – e o próprio Postiga num mau alívio e a conceder canto a ajudar a Eslováquia nas suas ambições. Aos 92′ na sequência de um canto a bola foi afastada mas um remate de fora da área de Mintal faria o golo se Ricardo não fizesse também uma excelente defesa garantindo o 1-1.

Exibição modesta de um Portugal “mole” com jogadores de fraco rendimento Paulo Ferreira, Deco, Pauleta e Simão Sabrosa (que falhou um golo) perante uma Eslováquia muito física e agressiva (25 – 10 em faltas!! ) num relvado muito irregular, cheio de buracos, em que a bola não rolava antes saltava o que também dificultou as operações da equipa mais técnica. Cristiano Ronaldo foi o melhor português. Na Eslováquia o guarda-redes e Mintal demonstraram ser jogadores acima da média.

O resultado acaba por ser razoável para Portugal que em Junho recebe em casa os eslovacos e considerando que a Russia também só conseguiu empatar na Estónia por igual resultado ou seja 1-1.

Portugal e Eslováquia comandam com 14 pontos e a Rússia é terceiro com 11, todos com 6 jogos disputados.

Van Gogh was born this day of the year 1853

Vincent Van Gogh (30.Mar.1853 – 29.Jul.1890)

…And was in this day of the year 1987 that his painting “Sunflowers” was bought by US$ 39,85 million. No doubt, a man who made very valuable things.

Sunflowers, 1889
Oil on Canvas,
Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam
(Vincent van Gogh Foundation)
(photo from internet)