On this day in History – Mar 23

• 0337 – Constantine, Emperor of Rome, died at the age of 47.
• 0752 – Stephan II becomes Pope but on the third day after his election, he died before his consecration
• 1153 – Treaty of Konstanz between Frederik I “Barbarossa” and Pope Eugene III.
• 1169 – Shirkuh dies. Kurd General, vizier of Cairo, Saladin’s uncle.
• 1237 – Jan of Brienne dies. King of Jerusalem, Emperor of Constantinople.
• 1312 – The Order of the Knights Templar is officially suppressed
• 1429 – Margaret of Anjou was born (d. 1482). Queen of Henry VI of England
• 1490 – Primera publicación impresa de la “Mishna Torah” de Maimónides.
• 1548 – Itagaki Nobukata dies. A retainer of Takeda Shingen.
• 1555 – Pope Julius III (Giovanni M. del Monte) dies (b. 1487). Pope (1550-55), died. He was succeeded by Marcellus II.
• 1559 – Fernão Lopes de Castanheda dies (b. c. 1500). Portuguese historian.
• 1568 – Peace of Longjumeau ends the Second War of Religion in France. Again Catherine de Medici and Charles IX of France make substantial concessions to the Huguenots.
• 1594 – The French Wars of Religion between the Protestants and Catholics ended when Henri IV took the throne.
• 1606 – Sto. Toribio de Mogrovejo dies. (Obispo)Patrono del Episcopado Latinoamericano Perú.
• 1638 – Religious dissident Anne Hutchinson was expelled from the Massachusetts Bay Colony as punishment for heresy.
• 1651 – Jean-Baptiste Santerre was born (d. 21 Nov 1717). French painter.
• 1661- Pieter de Molyn dies buried. Dutch landscape painter, draftsman, and etcher of Flemish descent, born in London, and baptized there as an infant on 06 April 1595.
• 1699 – John Bartram was born (d. 1777). American botanist.
• 1708 – James Francis Edward Stuart lands at the Firth of Forth.
• 1743 – A obra Messiah, de Handel, foi tocada pela primeira vez no Convent Garden Theatre .
• 1749 – Pierre Simon de Laplace was born (d. 1827). Mathematician and astronomer.
• 1754 – Baron Jurij Vega was born (d. 1802). Slovene mathematician, physicist and artillery officer
• 1758 – Jonathan Edwards dies at the age of 54. American theologian and philosopher.
• 1769 – William Smith was born (d. 1839). Geologist and cartographer
• 1775 – American Revolutionary War: Patrick Henry delivers his famous speech – “give me liberty or give me death” in Williamsburg, Virginia.
• 1801 – Tsar Paul I of Russia is struck with a sword, then strangled, and finally trampled to death in his bedroom at St. Michael Palace (b. 1754).
• 1806 – After traveling through the Louisiana Purchase and reaching the Pacific Ocean, explorers Lewis and Clark and their “Corps of Discovery” begin their arduous journey home.
• 1808 – El mariscal Murat llega a Madrid como general en jefe de las tropas francesas en España.
• 1809 – Hippolyte-Jean Flandrin, French Neoclassical painter and lithographer who died on 21 March 1864; son of amateur painter of portraits Jean-Baptiste-Jacques Flandrin [1773–1838].
• 1814 – Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda was born. Spanish poetess.
• 1823 – Schuyler Colfax was born (d. 1885). Vice President of the United States
• 1831 – Eduard Schlagintweit was born (d. 1866). German writer.
• 1834 – Julius Reubke was born (d. 1858). Composer.
• 1839 – First recorded use of “OK” as an abbreviation for “oll korrect” in the Boston Morning Post.
• 1842 – Stendhal (Marie Henri Beyle) dies (b. 1783). French writer.
• 1848 – Hungary proclaimed its independence of Austria.
• 1849 – At the Battle of Novara, during the first Italian War of Independence, outnumbered Austrian troops under Field Marshal Joseph Radetzky destroyed the poorly trained Italian troops of Charles Albert, king of Sardinia-Piedmont.
• 1849 – Andrés Manuel del Río dies. Mexican mineralogist.
• 1857 – Elisha Otis‘s first elevator is installed at 488 Broadway, New York City.
• 1857 – Alphonse Osbert was born (d. 11 Aug 1939). French Symbolist painter.
• 1858 – Ludwig Quidde was born. German historian and pacifist, Peace Nobel Prize in 1927
• 1867 – José Nórton de Matos was born. Portuguese militar and politician.
• 1868 – The University of California is founded in Oakland, California when the Organic Act is signed into law.
• 1874 – Henri-Charles Manguin was born (d. 25 Sep 1949). French Fauvist painter.
• 1878 – Franz Schreker was born (d. 1934). Composer.
• 1879 – Batalla de Topater y ocupación de Calama por parte del Ejército Chileno durante la Guerra del Pacífico, entre Chile, Perú y Bolivia .
• 1881 – Roger Martin du Gard was born. French novelist, Nobel Prize for Literature laureate in 1937.
• 1882 – Polygamy was outlawed by Congress, specifically targeting the practices of the Mormon church.
• 1882 – Emmy Noether was born (d. 1935). Mathematician.
• 1887 – Prince Felix Yussupov was born (d. 1967). Assassin of Rasputin.
• 1887 – Josef Capek was born. Czech painter, printmaker, illustrator of children’s book, and writer, who died in early April 1945 in the Nazis’ Bergen-Belsen death camp.
• 1887 – Juan Gris (José Victoriano Carmelo González Pérez) was born (d. 11 May 1927) . Spanish Cubist painter and sculptor .
• 1889 – Land run: President Benjamin Harrison opens Oklahoma to white settlement starting on April 22.
• 1889 – Free Woolwich Ferry officially opened in east London.
• 1889 – Yukichi Chuganji was born (d. 2003). Oldest man alive on.
• 1896 – Joaquim Possidónio da Silva dies. Portuguese archeologist and architect.
• 1898 – Ricardo Molinari was born. Argentine writer.
• 1900 – Erich Fromm was born (d. 1980). Psychoanalyst.
• 1903 – Alejandro Casona was born. Dramatist.
• 1903 – Elena Caffarena was born in Iquique (d. 2003). Chilean women rights activist.
• 1903 – The Wright Brothers apply for a patent on their invention of the first successful airplane after much hard work.
• 1904 – Joan Crawford was born (d. 1977). Actress.
• 1905 – Lale Andersen was born (d. 1972). Singer and cabaretist.
• 1907 – Daniel Bovet was born. Scientist, 1957 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine .
• 1909 – Theodore Roosevelt leaves New York for a post-presidency safari in Africa. The trip is sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution and National Geographic Society.
• 1910 – Akira Kurosawa was born († 1998). Japanese film director ( Rashomon (1950)).
• 1912 – Wernher von Braun was born (d. 16 Jun1977). Wernher Magnus Maximilian von Braun was a German-born American engineer who played a prominent role in all aspects of rocketry and space exploration, first in Germany and, after World War II, in the United States .
• 1915 – Vasily Zaitsev was born (d. 1991). World War II hero.
• 1917 – Carolina Muzzili dies (b. 1889). Argentine labour activist, feminist and journalist,
• 1918 – Lithuania proclaims independence.
• 1918 – Proclamación de la independencia de Letonia.
• 1919 – In Milan, Italy, Benito Mussolini founds his Fascist political movement.
• 1929 – Sir Roger Bannister was born. Athlete, first “Miracle Mile” .
• 1930 – Pat Robertson was born. American televangelist
• 1931 – The Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt embrace gallows during the Indian struggle for independence. Their request to be shot by a firing squad is refused.
• 1931 – Bhagat Singh dies (b. 1907). Indian Freedom Fighter.
• 1931 – Batukeshwar Dutt dies, Indian Freedom Fighter.
• 1933 – The Reichstag passes the Enabling Act, making Adolf Hitler dictator of Germany.
• 1935 – Signing of the Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Philippines .
• 1935 – Ana de Castro Osório dies in Lisbon (b. in Mangualde 1935). Portuguese writer whose work had the children as target. She was also a women rights activist / Morre em Lisboa a escritora juvenil e publicista Ana de Castro Osório nascida em Mangualde em 1935. Foi uma das mais notáveis empreendedoras da luta pelos direitos das mulheres em Portugal.
• 1937 – Nace Robert Gallo, médico estadounidense, codescubridor del virus del SIDA.
• 1937 – Craig Breedlove was born. Former land speed record holder .
• 1940 – The famous Pakistan Resolution (Qarardad-e-Pakistan or the then Qarardad-e-Lahore) is put forward at the Annual General Convention of the All India Muslim League.
• 1942 – World War II: In the Indian Ocean, Japanese forces capture the Anadaman Islands.
• 1942 – Walter Rodney, was born, historian and political figure (d. 1980) .
• 1949 – Ric Ocasek was born. Musician (“The Cars“) .
• 1951 – Corinne Clery was born. French actress.
• 1952 – Kim Stanley Robinson was born. Science fiction author .
• 1952 – Nace Teófilo Stevenson, boxeador cubano ganador de la medalla de oro en Munich 72, Montreal 76 y Moscú 80.
• 1953 – Raoul Dufy dies (b. 03 Jun 1877). French Fauvist painter, printmaker, and decorative artist.
• 1953 – Chaka Khan was born. Singer.
• 1955 – Arthur da Silva Bernardes dies (b. 1875). President of Brazil.
• 1956 – José Manuel Durão Barroso was born. Portuguese politician, president of the European Commission .
• 1956 – Pakistan becomes the first Islamic republic in the world.
• 1960 – Franklin Pierce Adams dies (b. 1881). American newspaper columnist.
• 1962 – Início da crise estudantil nas Universidades de Coimbra e de Lisboa, que se prolongará até Maio.
• 1963 – In London, United Kingdom, Grethe & Jørgen Ingmann win the eighth Eurovision Song Contest for Denmark singing “Dansevise” (Dancing tune).
• 1964 – Peter Lorre dies (b. 1904). Actor.
• 1965 – NASA launches Gemini 3, the United States‘ first two-man space flight (crew: Gus Grissom and John Young).
• 1965 – La Asamblea Nacional de Honduras declara presidente constitucional a Oswaldo López Arellano.
• 1968 – Damon Albarn was born. English musician (“Blur“) .
• 1968 – Fernando Hierro was born. Spanish football player
• 1970 – Del Lord dies (b. 1894). Pioneer Hollywood director.
• 1971 – O presidente argentino Roberto Levingston é deposto em um golpe de estado.
• 1971 – Gail Porter was born. British television presenter .
• 1972 – Pedro Lamy was born. Portuguese race car driver.
• 1972 – Judith Godrèche was born. Actress/author .
• 1973 – Jason Kidd was born. Basketball player .
• 1976 – The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights entered into force, incorporating almost all the international human rights proclaimed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948.
• 1976 – Keri Russell was born. Actress .
• 1978 – Nicholle Tom was born. Actress.
• 1978 – The first UNIFIL troops arrived in Lebanon for peacekeeping mission along the Blue Line.
• 1979 – Chad Dittman was born. President and CEO of the Intense Football League.
• 1979 – Orlando Letelier dies (b. 1932). Former Chilean ambassador to the United States.
• 1979 – Misty Hyman was born. American swimmer .
• 1981 – Golpe de Estado en Bangladesh, que derriba al Gobierno.
• 1982 – El poeta mexicano Octavio Paz recibe el premio Cervantes de Literatura.
• 1983 – Barney Clark dies. First artificial heart recipient.
• 1983 – Strategic Defense Initiative: President Ronald Reagan makes his initial proposal to develop technology to intercept enemy missiles.
• 1987 – Willy Brandt dimite como presidente del Partido Socialdemócrata Alemán. Le sucede Hans Jochen Vogel.
• 1987 – 30 hurt as car bomb hits Army base: More than 30 people are injured in a car bomb explosion at the UK Army headquarters in Rheindahlen, West Germany.
• 1989 – Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann announce cold fusion at the University of Utah.
• 1989 – A 1,000-foot diameter Near-Earth asteroid misses the Earth by 400,000 miles.
• 1990 – Katelyn DePutter was born. Poker champion .
• 1992 – Friedrich Hayek dies (b. 1899). British economist, Nobel laureate in 1974.
• 1993 – Hans Werner Richter dies (b. 1908). German author.
• 1994 – At an election rally in Tijuana, Mexican presidential candidate Luis Donaldo Colosio is assassinated by Mario Aburto Martínez.
• 1994 – Giulietta Masina dies in 1994. Italian actress, wife of Federico Felini.
• 1994 – A Russian Airbus A-310 crashed in Siberia and some 70 people were killed.
• 1996 – The Republic of China on Taiwan holds its first direct elections and chooses Lee Teng-hui as President.
• 1997 – Cinco muertos en Canadá en otro suicidio colectivo de la secta del Templo Solar.
• 1998 – The film Titanic tied the record by winning 11 Oscars including best picture and best director (James Cameron) and song. Helen Hunt and Jack Nicholson won the best actor awards and Kim Bassinger and Robin Williams won the best supporting actors awards.
• 1998 – El presidente de Rusia, Boris Nikolaievich Yeltsin, destituye de manera inesperada al primer ministro, Viktor Chernomirdin, y a todo su gabinete, y abre la carrera por su sucesión al frente del Kremlin.
• 1999 – Gunmen assassinate Paraguay‘s Vice President Luis María Argaña.
• 2000- Horst Koehler (57) of Germany, president of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, became the new president of the 182-nation IMF following endorsement by the 24-member board of directors.
• 2000 – In Rwanda Pres. Pasteur Bizimungu resigned following a month long debate on ethnic tensions and corruption. In 2004 Bizimungu was sentenced to 15 years for inciting violence after a falling out with Kagame.
• 2001 – The Russian Mir space station is disposed of, breaking up in the atmosphere before falling into the southern Pacific Ocean near Fiji.
• 2001 – A estação orbital russa MIR reentrou na atmosfera e despenhou-se controladamente no Oceano Pacífico .
• 2002 – Irina Slutskaya captured her first world title, defeating four-time champion Michelle Kwan at the World Figure Skating Championships in Nagano, Japan.
• 2002 – Eileen Farrell dies (b. 1920). American soprano.
• 2003 – In the 75th annual Academy Awards “Chicago” won for Best Picture, Roman Polanski for best director (The Pianist), Adrien Brody for best actor (The Pianist), Nicole Kidman for best actress (The Hours), Chris Cooper for best-supporting actor (Adaptation), and Catherine Zeta-Jones for best supporting actress (Chicago).
• 2003 – Fritz Spiegl dies (b. 1926). Austrian-born journalist.
• 2004 – Rupert Hamer dies (b. 1916). Australian politician.
• 2004 – In Oregon, the commissioners of Benton County decided not to start issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples.
• 2005 – In South Africa some 21,000 Harmony Gold Mining Co. Ltd. mineworkers went on strike after mediation efforts with the union over pay and working conditions failed.
• Pakistan – National Day (Republic Day)
• Otago, New Zealand – Anniversary Day
• International Day of Meteorology