La ultima gaviota – Ricardo Miró Março 2, 2006

Como una franja temblorosa, rota
del manto de la tarde, en raudo vuelo
se esfuma la bandada por el cielo
buscando, acaso, una ribera ignata.

Detrás, muy lejos, sigue una gaviota
que con creciente y pertinaz anhelo
va de la soledad rasgando el velo
por alcanzar la banda ya remota.

De la tarde surgió la casta estrella,
y halló siempre volando a la olvidada,
de la rauda patrulla tras la huella.

Historia de mi vida compendiada,
porque yo soy, cual la gaviota aquella,
ave dejada atrás por la bandada.

Em português:

Como uma franja agitada, rasgada
do manto da tarde, em rápido vôo
se esfuma o bando pelo céu
buscando, acaso, uma ribeira desconhecida.

Atrás, muito longe, segue uma gaivota
que com crescente e persistente desejo
vai da solidão rasgando o véu
por alcançar o bando, já remoto.

Da tarde surgiu a casta estrela
e achou sempre voando a esquecida,
da rápida patrulha atrás a hulha.

História de minha vida compreendida,
porque eu sou, qual gaivota aquela,
ave deixada atrás pelo bando!

Tradução Maria Teresa Almeida Pina

Ricardo Miró (n. cidade de Panamá 1883; m. cidade Panamá, 2 mar 1940).

Natal Africano – João Cabral do Nascimento

Não há pinheiros nem há neve,
Nada do que é convencional,
Nada daquilo que se escreve
Ou que se diz… Mas é Natal.

Que ar abafado! A chuva banha
A terra, morna e vertical.
Plantas da flora mais estranha,
Aves da fauna tropical.

Nem luz, nem cores, nem lembranças
Da hora única e imortal.
Somente o riso das crianças
Que em toda a parte é sempre igual.

Não há pastores nem ovelhas,
Nada do que é tradicional.
As orações, porém, são velhas
E a noite é Noite de Natal.

in Obra Poética Edições Asa, 2003
João Cabral do Nascimento (n. a 22 de Março de 1897, no Funchal; m. a 2 de Março de 1978, em Lisboa).

On this day in History – Mar 2

• 0986 – Lothar dies (b. 1795). King of the Franks, Holy Roman Emperor.
• 0986 – Louis V becomes King of the Franks.
• 1121 – Dirk VI becomes count of Holland.
• 1127 – Charles the Good, Count of Flanders, was murdered
• 1316 – King Robert II of Scotland (1371-90) was born (d. 1390) .
• 1409 – John II of Alençon was born (d. 1476). French soldier.
• 1459 – Pope Adrian VI [Adriaan F. Boeyens], was born in Netherlands (d. 1523). Pope (1522-23).
• 1476 – D. Afonso V é derrotado em Toro pelo exército dos Reis Católicos.
• 1498 – Vasco da Gama’s fleet visited Mozambique Island.
• 1545 – Thomas Bodley was born (d.1613). English diplomat and library founder.
• 1561 – El capitán Pedro del Castillo funda la ciudad argentina de Mendoza.
• 1578 – George Sandys was born (d. 1644). English colonist and poet.
• 1705 – William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield was born (d. 1793). Scottish judge and politician.
• 1717 – The Loves of Mars and Venus becomes the first ballet performed in England.
• 1725 – George F. Handel’s opera “Giulio Cesare in Egitto” premiered in London.
• 1725 – José Benito de Churriguera dies (b. 1665). Spanish architect and sculptor.
• 1770 – Louis Gabriel Suchet was born (d. 1826). French marshal.
• 1779 – Joel Roberts Poinsett was born (d. 1851). American statesman and botanist.
• 1783 – Francisco Salzillo y Alcaraz dies. Sculptor and engineer.
• 1791 – Long-distance communication speeds up with the unveiling of a semaphore machine in Paris.
• 1793 – Sam[uel] Houston was born in Rockbridge County, Virginia (d. 1863). President of the Republic of Texas (1836-38, 1841-44).
• 1797 – Horace Walpole dies (b. 24 Sep 1717). British horror writer, novelist and playwright.
• 1800 – Evgeny Baratynsky was born (d. 1844). Russian poet.
• 1807 – The U.S. Congress passes an act to “prohibit the importation of slaves into any port or place within the jurisdiction of the United States … from any foreign kingdom, place, or country.”
• 1810 – Pope Leo XIII [Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci] was born (d. 20 Jul 1903). Elected 256th pope on 20 February 1878.
• 1819 – Territory of Arkansas organized.
• 1820 – Multatuli was born (d. 1887). Dutch writer.
• 1822 – Manuela Medina [ La Capitana] dies in Texcoco. Mexican heroin and revolucionary
• 1822 – Capitulación del caudillo uruguayo Rivera ante las fuerzas portuguesas.
• 1824 – Bedrich Smetana was born (d. 1884). Czech composer (Bartered Bride, Moldau).
• 1829 – Carl Schurz was born (d. 1906). German revolutionist and American statesman.
• 1836 – Texas Revolution: Declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico on Sam Houston’s 43rd birthday.
• 1840 – Heinrich Wilhelm Matthaüs Olbers (b. 11 Oct 1758). German astronomer and physician, born in Arbergen, Germany. While practising medicine at Bremen, he calculated the orbit of the comet of 1779, discovered the minor planets (asteroids) Pallas (1802) and Vesta (1807), and discovered five comets (all but one already observed at Paris).
• 1849 – Robert Means Thompson was born (d. 1930). American naval officer.
• 1855 – Alexander II becomes Tsar of Russia.
• 1859 – Sholom Aleichem was born (d. 1916). Russian Yiddish novelist.
• 1860 – Susanna M. Salter was born (d. 1961). Mayor of Argonia, Kansas.
• 1861 – Nevada Territory and Dakota Territory are organized as political divisions of the United States.
• 1861 – Emancipation reform of 1861 in Russia: Tsar Alexander II signed the emancipation reform into law.
• 1862 – Boris Borisovich Galitzine was born (d. 1916). Russian physicist.
• 1865 – British newspaper “Morning Chronicle” began publishing.
• 1865 – Second Taranaki War: The Volkner Incident in New Zealand.
• 1865 – Comienza en París la Conferencia Internacional para establecer un sistema de comunicaciones y de tarifas telegráficas.
• 1866 – Excelsior Needle Company of Wolcottville, Connecticut began making sewing machine needles.
• 1867 – Raúl Brandão was born in Foz do Douro, Porto (d. Lisbon 1930). Portuguese writer.
• 1876 – Pope Pius XII [Eugenio Pacelli] was born (d. 09 Oct 1958). 260th pope (1939-1958).
• 1877 – U.S. presidential election, 1876: The U.S. Congress declares Rutherford B. Hayes the winner of the election even though Samuel J. Tilden had won the popular vote on November 7, 1876 (Reconstruction ends).
• 1878 – Ignacio Veintemilla se proclama dictador de la República de Ecuador por segunda vez.
• 1879 – John Eberhard Faber dies in New York (b. 6 Dec 1822). German industrialist, with his brother Lothar von Faber, went to the United States in 1849 and built a Faber manufacturing plant, the first large-scale American pencil factory.
• 1880 – Sir John MacNeill dies (b. 1790). Civil engineer.
• 1882 – Roderick Maclean tenta assassinar a rainha Vitória em Windsor.
• 1887 – August Wilhelm Eichler dies (b. 4 Apr 1839) German botanist who developed one of the first widely used natural systems of plant classification. He worked out the symmetry of the parts of a flower and developed a one of the first systems of plant classification .
• 1887 – Harry E. Soref was born (d. 1 Mar 1957). Locksmith, inventor of the laminated steel padlock, and founder of Master Lock Company (1921).
• 1888 – The Convention of Constantinople is signed, guaranteeing free maritime passage through the Suez Canal during war and peace.
• 1891 – Celebración en España de las primeras elecciones legislativas por sufragio universal.
• 1892 – Ruy Coelho was born in Figueira da Foz (d. in Lisbon, 5 May 1986). Portuguese composer.
• 1895 – Berthe Morisot dies (b. 1841). French Impressionist painter.
• 1896 – Henri Becquerel reported his discovery of the penetrating rays of a uranium compound to the French Academy of Sciences. The photographic plate, fogged by these rays, showing the outline of a metal cross lying between the compound and the plate, is the first recognition of the effects later known as radioactivity.
• 1896 – Ethiopia defeats Italy in the Battle of Adwa, marking the first victory of an African nation over a colonial power.
• 1897 – Ernesto da Silva Guimarães was born. Brazilian writer.
• 1898 – Amélia Rey Colaço was born (d. 8 Jul 1990). Portuguese actress and theater entrepreneur / Nasce Amélia Rey Colaço (m. 8 Jul 1990). Actriz, encenadora e empresária de teatro.
• 1899 – In Washington State, USA, Mount Rainier National Park is established.
• 1900 – Kurt Weill was born in Dessau (d. 1950). German composer (The Threepenny Opera), Brecht collaborator.
• 1901 – The U.S. Congress passes the Platt amendment, limiting the autonomy of Cuba as a condition for the withdrawal of American troops.
• 1902 – Moe Berg was born (d. 1972). American baseball player and spy .
• 1902 – Edward Uhler Condon was born (d. 26 Mar 1974). American physicist for whom the Franck-Condon principle was named (1928) and who applied quantum mechanics to an understanding of atomic, molecular and nuclear structure .
• 1903 – In New York City the Martha Washington Hotel opens. The hotel featured 416 rooms and was the first hotel exclusively for women.
• 1904 – Gabriele d’Annunzio’s “La figlia di Iorio” premiered in Milan.
• 1904 – Theodore Seuss Geisel “Dr. Seuss” was born in Springfield, Massachusetts (d. 24 Sep 1991). Winner of the Pulitzer Prize in 1984 and three Academy Awards, Seuss was the author and illustrator of 44 children’s books, some of which have been made into audiocassettes, animated television specials, and videos for children of all ages.
• 1908 – Gabriel Lippman introduced the new three-dimensional colour photography at the Academy of Sciences.
• 1908 – Walter Bruch was born (d. 1990). German engineer.
• 1909 – Mel Ott was born (d. 1958). Baseball Hall of Famer.
• 1910 – 2 trains crash in snow storm in Wellington WA, 118 die .
• 1913 – Georgii Nikolaevich Flerov was born (d. 19 Nov 1990). Russian scientist who, in 1941, recognized that uranium undergoes spontaneous fission (needing no neutron bombardment). He was one of the early Russian investigators of nuclear fission.
• 1914 – Martin Ritt was born (d. 1990). American director.
• 1915 – O aumento do preço do pão provocou tumultos e assaltos em todo o território português .
• 1916 – El poeta español Juan Ramón Jiménez contrae matrimonio con Zenobia Camprubi en Nueva York.
• 1917 – El Congreso de los Estados Unidos reforma el Acta Orgánica para que Puerto Rico pueda ser territorio de la Unión.
• 1917 – The enactment of the Jones-Shafroth Act grants Puerto Ricans United States citizenship.
• 1917 – Nicholas II of Russia abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Michael.
• 1917 – Puerto Rico became a U.S. territory and Puerto Ricans gained American citizenship. VER
• 1917 – Desi Arnaz was born (d. 1986). Cuban-born actor, bandleader, musician, singer/actor (Ricky Ricardo-I Love Lucy).
• 1918 – Sidónio Pais assiste a uma missa na Sé de Lisboa, reconciliando o regime com a Igreja.
• 1919 – Jennifer Jones was born. Academy Award-winning actress (The Song of Bernadette [1943], Carrie, Love is a Many-Splendored Thing, The Towering Inferno) .
• 1919 – The first Communist International meets in Moscow.
• 1921 – King Nicholas I of Montenegro dies (b. 1841) .
• 1923 – Time magazine made its debut.
• 1923 – Robert H. Michel was born. American politician
• 1923 – Doc Watson was born. Bluegrass singer-musician.
• 1926 – Murray Rothbard was born (d. 1995). American economist.
• 1929 – Jones Act attempts to strengthen Prohibition. Congress passes the Jones Act, the last effort at enforcing Prohibition. Since 1920, when the Eighteenth Amendment went into effect, the United States had banned the production, importation, and sale of alcoholic beverages; but the laws were ineffective at actually preventing the consumption of alcohol. The Jones Act served to strengthen the federal penalties for bootlegging.
• 1930 – John Cullum was born. American actor and singer
• 1930 – D. H. Lawrence dies of tuberculosis in a sanitarium in Vence, France (b. 1885). Writer.
• 1931 – Mikhail Gorbachev was born. President of the Soviet Union, responsible for restructuring the Soviet economy (perestroika) and openness and information (glasnost). He was recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize .
• 1931 – Tom Wolfe was born. American journalist and author (Right Stuff) .
• 1933 – King Kong , the film directed by Meriam C. Cooper, premieres in New York City.
• 1934 – Paul Joseph Cohen was born. American mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1966 for his proof of the independence of the continuum hypothesis from the other axioms of set theory.
• 1935 – Al Waxman was born (d. 2001). Canadian actor.
• 1937 – Abdelaziz Bouteflika was born. President of Algeria
• 1937 – Jose Pena Gomez was born in Valverde, Dominican Republic (d.1998 ). Advocate for the poor and later mayor of Santo Domingo.
• 1937 – José Francisco Guerrero was born. Salvadoran politician.
• 1937 – Valentina Nikolayeva-Tereshkova was born. Russian astronaut who became the first woman to orbit the Earth on Vostok 6.
• 1938 – Ricardo Lagos Escobar was born. Presidente of Chile .
• 1938 – Ben Harney dies, US composer and ragtime pianist (b. 1871) .
• 1939 – Howard Carter dies (b. 9 May 1873). British archaeologist who made one of the richest and most celebrated contributions to Egyptology: the discovery (1922) of the largely intact tomb of King Tutankhamen.
• 1939 – Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli is elected Pope and takes the name Pius XII.
• 1939 – Barbara Luna was born. Actress
• 1940 – Tony Croatto was born (d. 2005). Italian-born singer and composer.
• 1940 – Ricardo Miró dies (b. 1883). Panamanian poet.
• 1941 – Jon Finch was born. Actor.
• 1942 – 14th Academy Awards: “How Green was My Valley”, Gary Cooper & Joan Fontaine win .
• 1942 – John Irving was born in Exeter, New Hampshire. American author (The World According to Garp; The Hotel New Hampshire, Cider House Rules, A Prayer for Owen Meaney… ) .
• 1942 – Lou Reed was born. American singer and guitarist(singer, songwriter, guitarist: group: Velvet Underground; solo: Walk on the Wild Side, Charley’s Girl; I Love You Suzanne; appeared in Paul Simon film: One Trick Pony) .
• 1943 – Peter Straub was born. American author.
• 1943 – George Benson was born. Jazz, blues guitarist (Breezin’, This Masquerade).
• 1943 – World War II: Battle of the Bismarck Sea – United States and Australian forces sink Japanese convoy ships.
• 1944 – 16th Academy Awards: The Outstanding Motion Picture was “Casablanca”, directed by Michael Curtiz, who won an Oscar. Best Actor of 1943 was Paul Lukas for “Watch on the Rhine” and Best Actor in a Supporting Role was Charles Coburn for “The More the Merrier”. The Best Actress award was presented to twenty-four-year-old Jennifer Jones for “The Song of Bernadette” and Best Actress in a Supporting Role was Katina Paxinou in “For Whom the Bell Tolls”.
• 1944 – Uschi Glas was born. German actress.
• 1944 – Alejandro Aura was born. Mexican poet and dramatist.
• 1946 – Ho Chi Minh the Vietnamese Communist leader is elected the President of the short-lived Democratic Republic of Vietnam( North Vietnam).
• 1947 – Nelson Ned was born. Brasilian singer.
• 1947 – Luís de Montalvor [ Luís da Silva Ramos] dies in Lisbon (b. in S. Vicente, Cape Vert, 31 de Jan 1891 ). Portuguese editor and poet.
• 1948 – R. T. Crowley was born, writer, pioneer of EDI (Electronic Data Interchange).
• 1948 – Rory Gallagher was born. Irish guitarist
• 1948 – Jeff Kennett was born. Australian politician, Victorian premier.
• 1949 – Eddie Money was born. New York police officer and singer .
• 1949 – JPR Williams was born. Welsh rugby player .
• 1949 – Captain James Gallagher lands his B-50 Superfortress Lucky Lady II in Fort Worth, Texas after completing the first non-stop around-the-world airplane flight in 94 hours and one minute.
• 1949 – Gates McFadden was born. American actress.
• 1949 – A US B-50 Superfortress, the Lucky Lady II, lands at Fort Worth, Texas, completing the first nonstop round-the-world flight.
• 1949 – Soft-coal strike in US. The US’s soft-coal workers, led by United Mine Workers chief John L. Lewis, hit the picket line to protest the recent appointment of Dr. James Boyd as the head of the Federal Bureau of Mines.
• 1949 – the first automatic street light was installed in New Milford, Conn.
• 1950 – Karen Carpenter was born (d. 1983). American singer and drummer.
• 1951 – Cassie Yates was born. Actress.
• 1951 – Roberto Dañino Zapata, nacimiento de, peruano, Vicepresidente Senior del Banco Mundial.
• 1952 – Laraine Newman was born. American actress and comedian .
• 1952 – Mark Evanier was born. American writer.
• 1952 – Laraine Newman was born. Actress
• 1953 – Russ Feingold was born. American politician.
• 1953 – Jim Lightbody dies (b. 1882). American middle-distance runner.
• 1955 – the William Inge play “Bus Stop” opened at the Music Box Theatre in New York
• 1955 – Jay Osmond was born. American pop star / drummer for “The Osmond Brothers”.
• 1955 – Shoko Asahara was born. Japanese religious leader.
• 1955 – King Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia abdicates the throne in favor of his father, King Norodom Suramarit.
• 1956 – Morocco declares its independence from France.
• 1956 – John Cowsill was born. Musician/drummer, singer, The Cowsills and The Beach Boys .
• 1956 – Mark Evans was born. Australian bassist of AC/DC .
• 1958 – Antartic crossed for the first time by Dr Vivian Fuchs
• 1958 – Yemen announces that it will join the United Arab Republic .
• 1958 – Ian Woosnam was born. Welsh golfer
• 1958 – Kevin Curren was born. Tennis player.
• 1959 – Larry Stewart was born. Country singer (Restless Heart).
• 1959 – Miles Davis holds the first recording session for Kind of Blue at Columbia 30th Street Studio in New York, NY.
• 1960 – Stanisław Taczak dies (b. 1874). Polish general, commander-in-chief of the Greater Poland Uprising (1918-1919) against the Germans.
• 1961 – Simone Young was born. Australian conductor.
• 1962 – Morioka Hiroyuki was born. Japanese writer.
• 1962 – Jon Bon Jovi was born. American singer, songwriter, and actor.
• 1962 – In Hershey, Pennsylvania, Wilt Chamberlain of the Philadelphia 76ers scores 100 points against the New York Knicks, breaking several National Basketball Association records.
• 1962 – Charles de la Vallée Poussin dies. Mathematician.
• 1962 – In Burma, the army led by General Ne Win seizes power in a coup.
• 1962 – Morioka Hiroyuki, was born, writer, conlanger .
• 1962 – Jon Bon Jovi, was born, singer, songwriter, and actor .
• 1963 – Release of Please Please Me in the United Kingdom, the first LP from The Beatles.
• 1964 – Megan Leigh was born (d. 1990). American actress.
• 1965 – the movie version of Rodgers and Hammerstein’s musical “The Sound of Music” had its world premiere at New York’s Rivoli Theater.
• 1965 – Bombing of North Vietnam starts. Operation Rolling Thunder begins with more than 100 United States Air Force jet bombers striking an ammunition depot at Xom Bang, 10 miles inside North Vietnam.
• 1967 – 9th Grammy Awards: Strangers in Night & Michele win .
• 1967 – José Martínez Ruiz (Azorín) dies. Writer
• 1968 – World Ice Pairs Figure Skating Championship in Geneva won by Lyudmila Belousova and Oleg Protopopov (USSR). Ladies Figure Skating Championship won by Peggy Fleming (USA). Men’s Figure Skating Championship won by Emmerich Danzer (Austria).
• 1968 – Daniel Craig was born. English actor.
• 1969 – In Toulouse, France the first test flight of the Concorde is conducted.
• 1969 – Soviet and Chinese forces clash at a border outpost on the Ussuri River.
• 1969 – the Concorde SST Supersonic jet aircraft made its maiden flight.
• 1970 – Rhodesia declares itself a republic, breaking its last links with the British crown.
• 1970 – American Airlines’ first flight of a Boeing 747.
• 1971 – Bangladesh se declara independiente de Pakistán.1970 American Airlines’ first flight of a Boeing 747.
• 1971 – Amber Smith was born in Tampa, Florida. Supermodel and actress (Faithful, Funeral, Mirror Has 2 Faces …) .
• 1972 – The Pioneer 10 spaceprobe is launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida with a mission to explore the outer planets.
• 1972 – Jean-Bédel Bokassa appointed himself President for life of Central African Republic.
• 1973 – Trevor Sinclair was born. English footballer.
• 1973 – Arab commandos, “Black September” terrorists, led by Abu Jihad executed 3 hostages in Khartoum, Sudan, after Pres. Nixon refused their demands. US ambassador Cleo A. Noel, deputy George Curtis Moore and Belgian charge d’affaires Guy Eid.
• 1974 – Monika Niederstätter was born. Italian athlete.
• 1974 – 16th Grammy Awards: Killing Me Softly & Bette Midler win. Stevie Wonder got five Grammy Awards for his album, “Innervisions” and his hit songs, “You Are The Sunshine of My Life” and “Superstition”.
• 1974 – The worldwide hit single Seasons in the Sun first hits #1 on the U.S. Billboard charts.
• 1974 – Grand jury concludes President Nixon is involved in Watergate cover-up
• 1976 – Casey was born. Rock musician (Jimmie’s Chicken Shack).
• 1977 – Bette Davis is 1st woman to receive Life Achievement Award.
• 1977 – Los líderes comunistas europeos se reúnen en Madrid.
• 1977 – Chris Martin was born. British musician (Coldplay).
• 1977 – Andrew Strauss was born. English cricketer.
• 1977 – Heather McComb was born. American actress.
• 1978 – Czech Vladimír Remek becomes the first non-Russian or non-American to go into space, when he is launched aboard Soyuz 28.
• 1978 – Edward Griffith Begle dies (b. 27 Nov 1914). American mathematician, a topologist, who was a leader in the development of “new math” after the launch of the Sputnik satellite by the Soviet Union in 1957 raised concerns about the adequacy of science and mathematics education in American schools.
• 1978 – João Cabral do Nascimento dies. Portuguese poet.
• 1979 – Damien Duff was born. Irish footballer
• 1981 – Bryce Dallas Howard was born. American actress .
• 1982 – Kevin Kurányi was born. German footballer.
• 1982 – Henrik Lundqvist was born. Swedish hockey player.
• 1982 – Ben Roethlisberger was born. American football player.
• 1982 – Corey Webster was born. American football player.
• 1982 – Philip K. Dick dies (b. 1928). Science fiction writer,
• 1985 – Robert Iler was born. American actor (“The Sopranos”)
• 1985 – Reggie Bush was born. American football player
• 1985 – El Presidente de Pakistán, Mohamed Zia Ulk Haq, anuncia el restablecimiento de la Constitución, derogada tras un golpe de estado.
• 1985 – TV anime series Mobile Suit Z Gundum broadcasts its first episode in Japan.
• 1986 – The British Queen signs a proclamation giving Australia legal independence .
• 1986 – Corazon Aquino was sworn into office as president of the Philipines. Her first public declaration was to restore the civil rights of the citizens of her country.
• 1987 – Chrysler acquires American Motors .
• 1987 – Randolph Scott, dies, actor, (b. 1898) .
• 1988 – 30th Grammy Awards : Graceland, Joshua Tree, Jody Watley win. Best Pop Vocal Performance Female was Whitney Houston and Male was Sting
• 1989 – Twelve European Community nations agree to ban the production of all chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) by the end of the century.
• 1989 – Liam Hogan was born. Comedian .
• 1990 – Nelson Mandela elected deputy President of the African National Congress.
• 1991 – Serge Gainsbourg dies (b. 1928). French singer, composer and actor
• 1992 – Sandy Dennis dies in Westport, Connecticut at age 54. Actress .
• 1992 – The U.N. General Assembly welcomed eight former Soviet republics and San Marino as its newest members.
• 1994 – Sofía de Grecia Reina de España recibe el Premio Wiesenthal de Derechos Humanos por su compromiso continuo en favor de la tolerancia y de la lucha contra el antisemitismo y el racismo.
• 1995 – Nick Leeson is arrested for his role in the collapse of Barings Bank.
• 1995 – Yahoo! is incorporated, establishing the Internet Portal as a model.
• 1995 – Ferry boat sinks off Sumbe Angola, 42+ killed .
• 1996 – Falecem, num acidente aéreo, os integrantes do conjunto musical “Mamonas Assassinas”.
• 1996 – Serbian President Slobodan Milosevic is reelected president of the Socialist Party of Serbia by 1795 out of 1799 party delegates. Milosevic’s government continues to hinder opposition parties, which nevertheless gain increasing support.
• 1996 – Jacobo Majluta dies at 61. President of Dominican Republic (1982).
• 1997 – Saudi Arab billionaire Prince al-Waleed bin Talal aquires 5% of Apple Computer
• 1997 – Nick Faldo wins Nissan Golf Open .
• 1997 – Carson Mark, dies (b. 6 Jul 1913). Canadian-born American scientist who, as head of the theoretical division at the Los Alamos (N.M.) Scientific Laboratory, was instrumental in the development of the hydrogen bomb.
• 1998 – US Justice Department files antitrust brief against Microsoft The Justice Department declared an antitrust war on Microsoft on this day in 1998. The department filed a court brief alleging that Microsoft’s Windows 95 licensing requirements violated the terms of a 1995 settlement and that its practice of bundling its Web browser with Windows 95 stifled competition.
• 1998 – Data sent from the Galileo spaceprobe indicates that Jupiter‘s moon Europa has a liquid ocean under a thick crust of ice.
• 1998 – El presidente del Gobierno central de Nicaragua, Arnold Alemán, alcanza una victoria muy ajustada en las elecciones parlamentarias regionales, que tuvieron una abstención del 50%.
• 1999 – Dusty Springfield, dies (b. 1939). Singer, (“You Don’t Have to Say You Love Me”, “Wishin’ and Hopin’”, “The Look of Love”, “Son of a Preacher Man”).
• 2000 – O ex-ditador chileno, General Augusto Pinochet deixa a Grã-Bretanha e volta ao seu país, horas após ter sido declarado mentalmente incapaz de ser julgado por abuso aos direitos humanos.
• 2001 – John Diamond, dies, British journalist, (b. 1953) .
• 2001 – The Taliban began the destruction of ancient Budha statues in Afghanistan.
• 2002 – U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: Operation Anaconda begins, ending on March 19) after killing 500 Taliban and al Qaeda fighters, with 11 allied troop fatalities.
• 2003 – The first International Symposium on Taiwan Sign Language Linguistics is held at Chung Cheng University.
• 2003 – Hank Ballard, dies, singer, composer .
• 2003 – Malcolm Williamson, dies, Australian composer, (b. 1931) .
• 2004 – Voters in the U.S. state of Georgia vote on a referendum concerning its Confederacy-derived flag.
• 2004 – Disgruntled by the state’s education act (Act 60), residents of Killington, Vermont vote to become part of New Hampshire.
• 2004 – War in Iraq: Al Qaeda carries out the Ashoura Massacre in Iraq, killing 170 and wounding over 500.
• 2004 – War in Iraq: A United Nations report from the weapons inspection teams states that Iraq had no weapons of mass destruction of any significance after 1994, despite widespread belief to the contrary before the invasion.
• 2004 – Mercedes McCambridge dies (b. 1918). Actress (b. 1918), Oscar winner for All the King’s Men; later became the raspy voice of demon-possessed girl in The Exorcist.
• 2004 –Marge Schott dies (b. 1928). Former owner of the Cincinnati Reds.
• 2005 – Randy Moss gets traded from the Minnesota Vikings to the Oakland Raiders.
• 2005 – The number of U.S. military deaths in Iraq reached 1,500.
• 2005 – The woman who accused NBA star Kobe Bryant of rape settled her lawsuit against him, ending the case.
• Brazil – Tourism Nacional Day

On this day in History – Mar 2

• 0986 – Lothar dies (b. 1795). King of the Franks, Holy Roman Emperor.
• 0986 – Louis V becomes King of the Franks.
• 1121 – Dirk VI becomes count of Holland.
• 1127 – Charles the Good, Count of Flanders, was murdered
• 1316 – King Robert II of Scotland (1371-90) was born (d. 1390) .
• 1409 – John II of Alençon was born (d. 1476). French soldier.
• 1459 – Pope Adrian VI [Adriaan F. Boeyens], was born in Netherlands (d. 1523). Pope (1522-23).
• 1476 – D. Afonso V é derrotado em Toro pelo exército dos Reis Católicos.
• 1498 – Vasco da Gama’s fleet visited Mozambique Island.
• 1545 – Thomas Bodley was born (d.1613). English diplomat and library founder.
• 1561 – El capitán Pedro del Castillo funda la ciudad argentina de Mendoza.
• 1578 – George Sandys was born (d. 1644). English colonist and poet.
• 1705 – William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield was born (d. 1793). Scottish judge and politician.
• 1717 – The Loves of Mars and Venus becomes the first ballet performed in England.
• 1725 – George F. Handel’s opera “Giulio Cesare in Egitto” premiered in London.
• 1725 – José Benito de Churriguera dies (b. 1665). Spanish architect and sculptor.
• 1770 – Louis Gabriel Suchet was born (d. 1826). French marshal.
• 1779 – Joel Roberts Poinsett was born (d. 1851). American statesman and botanist.
• 1783 – Francisco Salzillo y Alcaraz dies. Sculptor and engineer.
• 1791 – Long-distance communication speeds up with the unveiling of a semaphore machine in Paris.
• 1793 – Sam[uel] Houston was born in Rockbridge County, Virginia (d. 1863). President of the Republic of Texas (1836-38, 1841-44).
• 1797 – Horace Walpole dies (b. 24 Sep 1717). British horror writer, novelist and playwright.
• 1800 – Evgeny Baratynsky was born (d. 1844). Russian poet.
• 1807 – The U.S. Congress passes an act to “prohibit the importation of slaves into any port or place within the jurisdiction of the United States … from any foreign kingdom, place, or country.”
• 1810 – Pope Leo XIII [Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci] was born (d. 20 Jul 1903). Elected 256th pope on 20 February 1878.
• 1819 – Territory of Arkansas organized.
• 1820 – Multatuli was born (d. 1887). Dutch writer.
• 1822 – Manuela Medina [ La Capitana] dies in Texcoco. Mexican heroin and revolucionary
• 1822 – Capitulación del caudillo uruguayo Rivera ante las fuerzas portuguesas.
• 1824 – Bedrich Smetana was born (d. 1884). Czech composer (Bartered Bride, Moldau).
• 1829 – Carl Schurz was born (d. 1906). German revolutionist and American statesman.
• 1836 – Texas Revolution: Declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico on Sam Houston’s 43rd birthday.
• 1840 – Heinrich Wilhelm Matthaüs Olbers (b. 11 Oct 1758). German astronomer and physician, born in Arbergen, Germany. While practising medicine at Bremen, he calculated the orbit of the comet of 1779, discovered the minor planets (asteroids) Pallas (1802) and Vesta (1807), and discovered five comets (all but one already observed at Paris).
• 1849 – Robert Means Thompson was born (d. 1930). American naval officer.
• 1855 – Alexander II becomes Tsar of Russia.
• 1859 – Sholom Aleichem was born (d. 1916). Russian Yiddish novelist.
• 1860 – Susanna M. Salter was born (d. 1961). Mayor of Argonia, Kansas.
• 1861 – Nevada Territory and Dakota Territory are organized as political divisions of the United States.
• 1861 – Emancipation reform of 1861 in Russia: Tsar Alexander II signed the emancipation reform into law.
• 1862 – Boris Borisovich Galitzine was born (d. 1916). Russian physicist.
• 1865 – British newspaper “Morning Chronicle” began publishing.
• 1865 – Second Taranaki War: The Volkner Incident in New Zealand.
• 1865 – Comienza en París la Conferencia Internacional para establecer un sistema de comunicaciones y de tarifas telegráficas.
• 1866 – Excelsior Needle Company of Wolcottville, Connecticut began making sewing machine needles.
• 1867 – Raúl Brandão was born in Foz do Douro, Porto (d. Lisbon 1930). Portuguese writer.
• 1876 – Pope Pius XII [Eugenio Pacelli] was born (d. 09 Oct 1958). 260th pope (1939-1958).
• 1877 – U.S. presidential election, 1876: The U.S. Congress declares Rutherford B. Hayes the winner of the election even though Samuel J. Tilden had won the popular vote on November 7, 1876 (Reconstruction ends).
• 1878 – Ignacio Veintemilla se proclama dictador de la República de Ecuador por segunda vez.
• 1879 – John Eberhard Faber dies in New York (b. 6 Dec 1822). German industrialist, with his brother Lothar von Faber, went to the United States in 1849 and built a Faber manufacturing plant, the first large-scale American pencil factory.
• 1880 – Sir John MacNeill dies (b. 1790). Civil engineer.
• 1882 – Roderick Maclean tenta assassinar a rainha Vitória em Windsor.
• 1887 – August Wilhelm Eichler dies (b. 4 Apr 1839) German botanist who developed one of the first widely used natural systems of plant classification. He worked out the symmetry of the parts of a flower and developed a one of the first systems of plant classification .
• 1887 – Harry E. Soref was born (d. 1 Mar 1957). Locksmith, inventor of the laminated steel padlock, and founder of Master Lock Company (1921).
• 1888 – The Convention of Constantinople is signed, guaranteeing free maritime passage through the Suez Canal during war and peace.
• 1891 – Celebración en España de las primeras elecciones legislativas por sufragio universal.
• 1892 – Ruy Coelho was born in Figueira da Foz (d. in Lisbon, 5 May 1986). Portuguese composer.
• 1895 – Berthe Morisot dies (b. 1841). French Impressionist painter.
• 1896 – Henri Becquerel reported his discovery of the penetrating rays of a uranium compound to the French Academy of Sciences. The photographic plate, fogged by these rays, showing the outline of a metal cross lying between the compound and the plate, is the first recognition of the effects later known as radioactivity.
• 1896 – Ethiopia defeats Italy in the Battle of Adwa, marking the first victory of an African nation over a colonial power.
• 1897 – Ernesto da Silva Guimarães was born. Brazilian writer.
• 1898 – Amélia Rey Colaço was born (d. 8 Jul 1990). Portuguese actress and theater entrepreneur / Nasce Amélia Rey Colaço (m. 8 Jul 1990). Actriz, encenadora e empresária de teatro.
• 1899 – In Washington State, USA, Mount Rainier National Park is established.
• 1900 – Kurt Weill was born in Dessau (d. 1950). German composer (The Threepenny Opera), Brecht collaborator.
• 1901 – The U.S. Congress passes the Platt amendment, limiting the autonomy of Cuba as a condition for the withdrawal of American troops.
• 1902 – Moe Berg was born (d. 1972). American baseball player and spy .
• 1902 – Edward Uhler Condon was born (d. 26 Mar 1974). American physicist for whom the Franck-Condon principle was named (1928) and who applied quantum mechanics to an understanding of atomic, molecular and nuclear structure .
• 1903 – In New York City the Martha Washington Hotel opens. The hotel featured 416 rooms and was the first hotel exclusively for women.
• 1904 – Gabriele d’Annunzio’s “La figlia di Iorio” premiered in Milan.
• 1904 – Theodore Seuss Geisel “Dr. Seuss” was born in Springfield, Massachusetts (d. 24 Sep 1991). Winner of the Pulitzer Prize in 1984 and three Academy Awards, Seuss was the author and illustrator of 44 children’s books, some of which have been made into audiocassettes, animated television specials, and videos for children of all ages.
• 1908 – Gabriel Lippman introduced the new three-dimensional colour photography at the Academy of Sciences.
• 1908 – Walter Bruch was born (d. 1990). German engineer.
• 1909 – Mel Ott was born (d. 1958). Baseball Hall of Famer.
• 1910 – 2 trains crash in snow storm in Wellington WA, 118 die .
• 1913 – Georgii Nikolaevich Flerov was born (d. 19 Nov 1990). Russian scientist who, in 1941, recognized that uranium undergoes spontaneous fission (needing no neutron bombardment). He was one of the early Russian investigators of nuclear fission.
• 1914 – Martin Ritt was born (d. 1990). American director.
• 1915 – O aumento do preço do pão provocou tumultos e assaltos em todo o território português .
• 1916 – El poeta español Juan Ramón Jiménez contrae matrimonio con Zenobia Camprubi en Nueva York.
• 1917 – El Congreso de los Estados Unidos reforma el Acta Orgánica para que Puerto Rico pueda ser territorio de la Unión.
• 1917 – The enactment of the Jones-Shafroth Act grants Puerto Ricans United States citizenship.
• 1917 – Nicholas II of Russia abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Michael.
• 1917 – Puerto Rico became a U.S. territory and Puerto Ricans gained American citizenship. VER
• 1917 – Desi Arnaz was born (d. 1986). Cuban-born actor, bandleader, musician, singer/actor (Ricky Ricardo-I Love Lucy).
• 1918 – Sidónio Pais assiste a uma missa na Sé de Lisboa, reconciliando o regime com a Igreja.
• 1919 – Jennifer Jones was born. Academy Award-winning actress (The Song of Bernadette [1943], Carrie, Love is a Many-Splendored Thing, The Towering Inferno) .
• 1919 – The first Communist International meets in Moscow.
• 1921 – King Nicholas I of Montenegro dies (b. 1841) .
• 1923 – Time magazine made its debut.
• 1923 – Robert H. Michel was born. American politician
• 1923 – Doc Watson was born. Bluegrass singer-musician.
• 1926 – Murray Rothbard was born (d. 1995). American economist.
• 1929 – Jones Act attempts to strengthen Prohibition. Congress passes the Jones Act, the last effort at enforcing Prohibition. Since 1920, when the Eighteenth Amendment went into effect, the United States had banned the production, importation, and sale of alcoholic beverages; but the laws were ineffective at actually preventing the consumption of alcohol. The Jones Act served to strengthen the federal penalties for bootlegging.
• 1930 – John Cullum was born. American actor and singer
• 1930 – D. H. Lawrence dies of tuberculosis in a sanitarium in Vence, France (b. 1885). Writer.
• 1931 – Mikhail Gorbachev was born. President of the Soviet Union, responsible for restructuring the Soviet economy (perestroika) and openness and information (glasnost). He was recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize .
• 1931 – Tom Wolfe was born. American journalist and author (Right Stuff) .
• 1933 – King Kong , the film directed by Meriam C. Cooper, premieres in New York City.
• 1934 – Paul Joseph Cohen was born. American mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1966 for his proof of the independence of the continuum hypothesis from the other axioms of set theory.
• 1935 – Al Waxman was born (d. 2001). Canadian actor.
• 1937 – Abdelaziz Bouteflika was born. President of Algeria
• 1937 – Jose Pena Gomez was born in Valverde, Dominican Republic (d.1998 ). Advocate for the poor and later mayor of Santo Domingo.
• 1937 – José Francisco Guerrero was born. Salvadoran politician.
• 1937 – Valentina Nikolayeva-Tereshkova was born. Russian astronaut who became the first woman to orbit the Earth on Vostok 6.
• 1938 – Ricardo Lagos Escobar was born. Presidente of Chile .
• 1938 – Ben Harney dies, US composer and ragtime pianist (b. 1871) .
• 1939 – Howard Carter dies (b. 9 May 1873). British archaeologist who made one of the richest and most celebrated contributions to Egyptology: the discovery (1922) of the largely intact tomb of King Tutankhamen.
• 1939 – Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli is elected Pope and takes the name Pius XII.
• 1939 – Barbara Luna was born. Actress
• 1940 – Tony Croatto was born (d. 2005). Italian-born singer and composer.
• 1940 – Ricardo Miró dies (b. 1883). Panamanian poet.
• 1941 – Jon Finch was born. Actor.
• 1942 – 14th Academy Awards: “How Green was My Valley”, Gary Cooper & Joan Fontaine win .
• 1942 – John Irving was born in Exeter, New Hampshire. American author (The World According to Garp; The Hotel New Hampshire, Cider House Rules, A Prayer for Owen Meaney… ) .
• 1942 – Lou Reed was born. American singer and guitarist(singer, songwriter, guitarist: group: Velvet Underground; solo: Walk on the Wild Side, Charley’s Girl; I Love You Suzanne; appeared in Paul Simon film: One Trick Pony) .
• 1943 – Peter Straub was born. American author.
• 1943 – George Benson was born. Jazz, blues guitarist (Breezin’, This Masquerade).
• 1943 – World War II: Battle of the Bismarck Sea – United States and Australian forces sink Japanese convoy ships.
• 1944 – 16th Academy Awards: The Outstanding Motion Picture was “Casablanca”, directed by Michael Curtiz, who won an Oscar. Best Actor of 1943 was Paul Lukas for “Watch on the Rhine” and Best Actor in a Supporting Role was Charles Coburn for “The More the Merrier”. The Best Actress award was presented to twenty-four-year-old Jennifer Jones for “The Song of Bernadette” and Best Actress in a Supporting Role was Katina Paxinou in “For Whom the Bell Tolls”.
• 1944 – Uschi Glas was born. German actress.
• 1944 – Alejandro Aura was born. Mexican poet and dramatist.
• 1946 – Ho Chi Minh the Vietnamese Communist leader is elected the President of the short-lived Democratic Republic of Vietnam( North Vietnam).
• 1947 – Nelson Ned was born. Brasilian singer.
• 1947 – Luís de Montalvor [ Luís da Silva Ramos] dies in Lisbon (b. in S. Vicente, Cape Vert, 31 de Jan 1891 ). Portuguese editor and poet.
• 1948 – R. T. Crowley was born, writer, pioneer of EDI (Electronic Data Interchange).
• 1948 – Rory Gallagher was born. Irish guitarist
• 1948 – Jeff Kennett was born. Australian politician, Victorian premier.
• 1949 – Eddie Money was born. New York police officer and singer .
• 1949 – JPR Williams was born. Welsh rugby player .
• 1949 – Captain James Gallagher lands his B-50 Superfortress Lucky Lady II in Fort Worth, Texas after completing the first non-stop around-the-world airplane flight in 94 hours and one minute.
• 1949 – Gates McFadden was born. American actress.
• 1949 – A US B-50 Superfortress, the Lucky Lady II, lands at Fort Worth, Texas, completing the first nonstop round-the-world flight.
• 1949 – Soft-coal strike in US. The US’s soft-coal workers, led by United Mine Workers chief John L. Lewis, hit the picket line to protest the recent appointment of Dr. James Boyd as the head of the Federal Bureau of Mines.
• 1949 – the first automatic street light was installed in New Milford, Conn.
• 1950 – Karen Carpenter was born (d. 1983). American singer and drummer.
• 1951 – Cassie Yates was born. Actress.
• 1951 – Roberto Dañino Zapata, nacimiento de, peruano, Vicepresidente Senior del Banco Mundial.
• 1952 – Laraine Newman was born. American actress and comedian .
• 1952 – Mark Evanier was born. American writer.
• 1952 – Laraine Newman was born. Actress
• 1953 – Russ Feingold was born. American politician.
• 1953 – Jim Lightbody dies (b. 1882). American middle-distance runner.
• 1955 – the William Inge play “Bus Stop” opened at the Music Box Theatre in New York
• 1955 – Jay Osmond was born. American pop star / drummer for “The Osmond Brothers”.
• 1955 – Shoko Asahara was born. Japanese religious leader.
• 1955 – King Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia abdicates the throne in favor of his father, King Norodom Suramarit.
• 1956 – Morocco declares its independence from France.
• 1956 – John Cowsill was born. Musician/drummer, singer, The Cowsills and The Beach Boys .
• 1956 – Mark Evans was born. Australian bassist of AC/DC .
• 1958 – Antartic crossed for the first time by Dr Vivian Fuchs
• 1958 – Yemen announces that it will join the United Arab Republic .
• 1958 – Ian Woosnam was born. Welsh golfer
• 1958 – Kevin Curren was born. Tennis player.
• 1959 – Larry Stewart was born. Country singer (Restless Heart).
• 1959 – Miles Davis holds the first recording session for Kind of Blue at Columbia 30th Street Studio in New York, NY.
• 1960 – Stanisław Taczak dies (b. 1874). Polish general, commander-in-chief of the Greater Poland Uprising (1918-1919) against the Germans.
• 1961 – Simone Young was born. Australian conductor.
• 1962 – Morioka Hiroyuki was born. Japanese writer.
• 1962 – Jon Bon Jovi was born. American singer, songwriter, and actor.
• 1962 – In Hershey, Pennsylvania, Wilt Chamberlain of the Philadelphia 76ers scores 100 points against the New York Knicks, breaking several National Basketball Association records.
• 1962 – Charles de la Vallée Poussin dies. Mathematician.
• 1962 – In Burma, the army led by General Ne Win seizes power in a coup.
• 1962 – Morioka Hiroyuki, was born, writer, conlanger .
• 1962 – Jon Bon Jovi, was born, singer, songwriter, and actor .
• 1963 – Release of Please Please Me in the United Kingdom, the first LP from The Beatles.
• 1964 – Megan Leigh was born (d. 1990). American actress.
• 1965 – the movie version of Rodgers and Hammerstein’s musical “The Sound of Music” had its world premiere at New York’s Rivoli Theater.
• 1965 – Bombing of North Vietnam starts. Operation Rolling Thunder begins with more than 100 United States Air Force jet bombers striking an ammunition depot at Xom Bang, 10 miles inside North Vietnam.
• 1967 – 9th Grammy Awards: Strangers in Night & Michele win .
• 1967 – José Martínez Ruiz (Azorín) dies. Writer
• 1968 – World Ice Pairs Figure Skating Championship in Geneva won by Lyudmila Belousova and Oleg Protopopov (USSR). Ladies Figure Skating Championship won by Peggy Fleming (USA). Men’s Figure Skating Championship won by Emmerich Danzer (Austria).
• 1968 – Daniel Craig was born. English actor.
• 1969 – In Toulouse, France the first test flight of the Concorde is conducted.
• 1969 – Soviet and Chinese forces clash at a border outpost on the Ussuri River.
• 1969 – the Concorde SST Supersonic jet aircraft made its maiden flight.
• 1970 – Rhodesia declares itself a republic, breaking its last links with the British crown.
• 1970 – American Airlines’ first flight of a Boeing 747.
• 1971 – Bangladesh se declara independiente de Pakistán.1970 American Airlines’ first flight of a Boeing 747.
• 1971 – Amber Smith was born in Tampa, Florida. Supermodel and actress (Faithful, Funeral, Mirror Has 2 Faces …) .
• 1972 – The Pioneer 10 spaceprobe is launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida with a mission to explore the outer planets.
• 1972 – Jean-Bédel Bokassa appointed himself President for life of Central African Republic.
• 1973 – Trevor Sinclair was born. English footballer.
• 1973 – Arab commandos, “Black September” terrorists, led by Abu Jihad executed 3 hostages in Khartoum, Sudan, after Pres. Nixon refused their demands. US ambassador Cleo A. Noel, deputy George Curtis Moore and Belgian charge d’affaires Guy Eid.
• 1974 – Monika Niederstätter was born. Italian athlete.
• 1974 – 16th Grammy Awards: Killing Me Softly & Bette Midler win. Stevie Wonder got five Grammy Awards for his album, “Innervisions” and his hit songs, “You Are The Sunshine of My Life” and “Superstition”.
• 1974 – The worldwide hit single Seasons in the Sun first hits #1 on the U.S. Billboard charts.
• 1974 – Grand jury concludes President Nixon is involved in Watergate cover-up
• 1976 – Casey was born. Rock musician (Jimmie’s Chicken Shack).
• 1977 – Bette Davis is 1st woman to receive Life Achievement Award.
• 1977 – Los líderes comunistas europeos se reúnen en Madrid.
• 1977 – Chris Martin was born. British musician (Coldplay).
• 1977 – Andrew Strauss was born. English cricketer.
• 1977 – Heather McComb was born. American actress.
• 1978 – Czech Vladimír Remek becomes the first non-Russian or non-American to go into space, when he is launched aboard Soyuz 28.
• 1978 – Edward Griffith Begle dies (b. 27 Nov 1914). American mathematician, a topologist, who was a leader in the development of “new math” after the launch of the Sputnik satellite by the Soviet Union in 1957 raised concerns about the adequacy of science and mathematics education in American schools.
• 1978 – João Cabral do Nascimento dies. Portuguese poet.
• 1979 – Damien Duff was born. Irish footballer
• 1981 – Bryce Dallas Howard was born. American actress .
• 1982 – Kevin Kurányi was born. German footballer.
• 1982 – Henrik Lundqvist was born. Swedish hockey player.
• 1982 – Ben Roethlisberger was born. American football player.
• 1982 – Corey Webster was born. American football player.
• 1982 – Philip K. Dick dies (b. 1928). Science fiction writer,
• 1985 – Robert Iler was born. American actor (“The Sopranos”)
• 1985 – Reggie Bush was born. American football player
• 1985 – El Presidente de Pakistán, Mohamed Zia Ulk Haq, anuncia el restablecimiento de la Constitución, derogada tras un golpe de estado.
• 1985 – TV anime series Mobile Suit Z Gundum broadcasts its first episode in Japan.
• 1986 – The British Queen signs a proclamation giving Australia legal independence .
• 1986 – Corazon Aquino was sworn into office as president of the Philipines. Her first public declaration was to restore the civil rights of the citizens of her country.
• 1987 – Chrysler acquires American Motors .
• 1987 – Randolph Scott, dies, actor, (b. 1898) .
• 1988 – 30th Grammy Awards : Graceland, Joshua Tree, Jody Watley win. Best Pop Vocal Performance Female was Whitney Houston and Male was Sting
• 1989 – Twelve European Community nations agree to ban the production of all chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) by the end of the century.
• 1989 – Liam Hogan was born. Comedian .
• 1990 – Nelson Mandela elected deputy President of the African National Congress.
• 1991 – Serge Gainsbourg dies (b. 1928). French singer, composer and actor
• 1992 – Sandy Dennis dies in Westport, Connecticut at age 54. Actress .
• 1992 – The U.N. General Assembly welcomed eight former Soviet republics and San Marino as its newest members.
• 1994 – Sofía de Grecia Reina de España recibe el Premio Wiesenthal de Derechos Humanos por su compromiso continuo en favor de la tolerancia y de la lucha contra el antisemitismo y el racismo.
• 1995 – Nick Leeson is arrested for his role in the collapse of Barings Bank.
• 1995 – Yahoo! is incorporated, establishing the Internet Portal as a model.
• 1995 – Ferry boat sinks off Sumbe Angola, 42+ killed .
• 1996 – Falecem, num acidente aéreo, os integrantes do conjunto musical “Mamonas Assassinas”.
• 1996 – Serbian President Slobodan Milosevic is reelected president of the Socialist Party of Serbia by 1795 out of 1799 party delegates. Milosevic’s government continues to hinder opposition parties, which nevertheless gain increasing support.
• 1996 – Jacobo Majluta dies at 61. President of Dominican Republic (1982).
• 1997 – Saudi Arab billionaire Prince al-Waleed bin Talal aquires 5% of Apple Computer
• 1997 – Nick Faldo wins Nissan Golf Open .
• 1997 – Carson Mark, dies (b. 6 Jul 1913). Canadian-born American scientist who, as head of the theoretical division at the Los Alamos (N.M.) Scientific Laboratory, was instrumental in the development of the hydrogen bomb.
• 1998 – US Justice Department files antitrust brief against Microsoft The Justice Department declared an antitrust war on Microsoft on this day in 1998. The department filed a court brief alleging that Microsoft’s Windows 95 licensing requirements violated the terms of a 1995 settlement and that its practice of bundling its Web browser with Windows 95 stifled competition.
• 1998 – Data sent from the Galileo spaceprobe indicates that Jupiter‘s moon Europa has a liquid ocean under a thick crust of ice.
• 1998 – El presidente del Gobierno central de Nicaragua, Arnold Alemán, alcanza una victoria muy ajustada en las elecciones parlamentarias regionales, que tuvieron una abstención del 50%.
• 1999 – Dusty Springfield, dies (b. 1939). Singer, (“You Don’t Have to Say You Love Me”, “Wishin’ and Hopin’”, “The Look of Love”, “Son of a Preacher Man”).
• 2000 – O ex-ditador chileno, General Augusto Pinochet deixa a Grã-Bretanha e volta ao seu país, horas após ter sido declarado mentalmente incapaz de ser julgado por abuso aos direitos humanos.
• 2001 – John Diamond, dies, British journalist, (b. 1953) .
• 2001 – The Taliban began the destruction of ancient Budha statues in Afghanistan.
• 2002 – U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: Operation Anaconda begins, ending on March 19) after killing 500 Taliban and al Qaeda fighters, with 11 allied troop fatalities.
• 2003 – The first International Symposium on Taiwan Sign Language Linguistics is held at Chung Cheng University.
• 2003 – Hank Ballard, dies, singer, composer .
• 2003 – Malcolm Williamson, dies, Australian composer, (b. 1931) .
• 2004 – Voters in the U.S. state of Georgia vote on a referendum concerning its Confederacy-derived flag.
• 2004 – Disgruntled by the state’s education act (Act 60), residents of Killington, Vermont vote to become part of New Hampshire.
• 2004 – War in Iraq: Al Qaeda carries out the Ashoura Massacre in Iraq, killing 170 and wounding over 500.
• 2004 – War in Iraq: A United Nations report from the weapons inspection teams states that Iraq had no weapons of mass destruction of any significance after 1994, despite widespread belief to the contrary before the invasion.
• 2004 – Mercedes McCambridge dies (b. 1918). Actress (b. 1918), Oscar winner for All the King’s Men; later became the raspy voice of demon-possessed girl in The Exorcist.
• 2004 –Marge Schott dies (b. 1928). Former owner of the Cincinnati Reds.
• 2005 – Randy Moss gets traded from the Minnesota Vikings to the Oakland Raiders.
• 2005 – The number of U.S. military deaths in Iraq reached 1,500.
• 2005 – The woman who accused NBA star Kobe Bryant of rape settled her lawsuit against him, ending the case.
• Brazil – Tourism Nacional Day