On this day in History – Apr. 1 Março 31, 2007

• 0527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.
• 1085 – Emperor Shenzong of China dies (b. 1048)
• 1132 – St-Hugues dies (b. 1053). Bishop of Guenette.
• 1204 – Eleanor of Aquitaine dies (b. c. 122). Wife of Henry II of England.
• 1205 – King Amalric II of Jerusalem dies (b. 1145).
• 1220 – Emperor Go-Saga of Japan was born (d. 1272).
• 1318 – Berwick-upon-Tweed is captured by the Scottish from the English.
• 1340 – Niels Ebbesen kills Gerhard III of Holstein in his bedroom, ending the 1332-1340 interregnum in Denmark.
• 1389 – Pacto de no agresión entre la Confederación Suiza y Austria.
• 1431 – Portugal: D. Nuno Álvares Pereira (“O Santo Condestável”) dies.
• 1528 – Francisco de Peñalosa dies. Spanish composer.
• 1543 – François de Bonne, duc de Lesdiguières was born (d. 1626). Constable of France
• 1572 – in the Eighty Years’ War, the Watergeuzen capture Brielle from the Spaniards, gaining the first foothold on land for what would become the Dutch Republic.
• 1578 – William Harvey was born (d. 1657). Physician, discovered blood circulation.
• 1580 – Alonso Mudarra dies. Spanish composer
• 1610 – Charles de Saint-Évremond was born (d. 1703). French soldier.
• 1618 – Jan Philips Righolz Conwemberg van Thielen Mechelen was born (d. 1667). Flemish painter, brother-in-law of Théodore Rombouts
• 1621 – Massasoit, chief of the Wampanoags, and John Carver, governor of Plymouth Colony, sign the first peace treaty between Native Americans and Pilgrims.
• 1621 – Cristofano Allori dies (b. 17 Oct 1577). Florentine painter.
• 1637 – Niwa Nagashige dies (b. 1571). Japanese daimyo and retainer.
• 1640 – Georg Mohr was born (d. 1697). Danish mathematician.
• 1647 – John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester was born (d. 1680). English poet.
• 1649 – fray Juan Bautista Maino (or Mayno) dies. Spanish Baroque painter, who studied under Caravaggio and El Greco.
• 1682 – Franz Egon of Fürstenberg dies (b. 1625). Bishop of Strassburg.
• 1684 – Roger Williams was born (d. 1603). English theologian and colonist.
• 1753 – Joseph de Maistre was born (d. 1821). French diplomat and writer.
• 1765 – Luigi Schiavonetti was born (d. 1810). Italian engraver.
• 1776 – Sophie Germain was born (d. 1831). Mathematician.
• 1778 – Oliver Pollock, a New Orleans businessman, created the “$” symbol.
• 1784 – Johannes Janson dies (b. 17 Apr 1729). Dutch artist.
• 1787 – Floyer Sydenham, English classical scholar (b. 1710)
• 1789 – In New York City, the United States House of Representatives holds its first quorum and elects Frederick Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania as its first House Speaker.
• 1791 – Richard Butler dies (b. 1743). American soldier.
• 1793 – In Japan, the volcano Unsen erupted killing about 53,000.
• 1802 – Joseph-Siffrède Duplessis dies (b. 22 Sep 1725). French artist.
• 1815 – Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck was born in Schönhausen, Altmark, Prussia [now Germany] (d. 30 Jul 1878). Prusso-German statesman and chancellor of the German Empire.
• 1815 – Edward Clark was born (d. 1880). Governor of Texas.
• 1823 – Simon Bolivar Buckner Lieutenant General (Confederate Army), was born ( died in 1914).
• 1826 – Samuel Morey patents the internal combustion engine.
• 1831 – Samuel Albert (or Albrecht) Anker was born (d. 16 Jul 1910). Swiss painter and illustrator, specialized in Children.
• 1833 – El general mexicano Antonio López de Santa Anna se erige en presidente de la república.
• 1833 – Se inaugura la Parroquia de Nuestra Señora de Balvanera, en Buenos Aires.
• 1834 – James Fisk was born (d. 1872). Entrepreneur.
• 1839 – Nicolas-Didier Boguet dies (b. 18 Feb 1755). French painter and draftsman.
• 1839 – Benjamin Pierce dies (b. 1757). Governor of New Hampshire.
• 1854 – Hard Times begins serialisation in Charles Dickens magazine, Household Words.
• 1854 – Bill Traylor was born (d. 1949). American artist.
• 1856 – Acacio Gabriel Viegas was born (d. 1933). Indian physician.
• 1856 – Falleció en Buenos Aires, el General Eustaquio Díaz Vélez, patriota que fuera defensor de la Independencia Argentina, estadista y hacendado. Nació en Buenos Aires, el día 2 de Noviembre de 1782.
• 1856 – Charles Maurin was born (d. 22 Jul 1914). French painter and printmaker. Among his paintings are the Prelude to Lohengrin and Maternity.
• 1857 – Herman Melville publishes The Confidence-Man.
• 1865 – American Civil War: Battle of Five Forks – In Petersburg, Virginia, Confederate General Robert E. Lee begins his final offensive.
• 1865 – Richard Zsigmondy was born. Austrian-born chemist, Nobel Prize 1925.
• 1866 – Ferruccio Busoni was born (d. 1924). Italian pianist and composer.
• 1867 – Singapore becomes British crown colony.
• 1868 – Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute is established in Hampton, Virginia.
• 1868 – Edmond Rostand was born in Marseille (d. 02 Dec 1918). French poet and dramatist, best-known from his play Cyrano de Bergerac.
• 1872 – Frederick Maurice dies (b. 1805). English theologian.
• 1872 – William Frederick Horry dies executed by William Marwood (b. 1843)
• 1873 – The British steamer SS Atlantic sinks off Nova Scotia killing 547.
• 1873 – Sergei Rachmaninoff was born (d. 1943). Composer, pianist, and conductor ( Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini).
• 1875 – Edgar Wallace was born (d. 1932). English playwright, novelist.
• 1878 – (Jean François) Eugène Gautier dies on Paris (b. 27 Feb 1822). French composer.
• 1878 – John Corry Wilson Daly dies (b. 1796). Canadian politician.
• 1880 – Agha Petros was born (d. 1932). Assyrian general.
• 1883 – Lon Chaney, Sr., was born in Colorado Springs, Colorado (d. 26 Aug 1930). American actor. Due to his ability to portray an endless variety of characters throughout his career, he became known as “The Man of a Thousand Faces”.
• 1885 – Wallace (Fitzgerald) Beery was born (d. 15 Apr 1949). Academy award- winning actor: (The Champ [1931-1932], Grand Hotel, We’re in the Navy Now, Treasure Island, The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, The Last of the Mohicans, China Seas) .
• 1888 – Alberto Vacarezza was born in Buenos Aires († 06 Aug 1959). Argentine playwriter.
• 1888 – Soccer team Sparta forms in Rotterdam.
• 1889 – Japan : Official foundation of the city Yokohama
• 1891 – The Wrigley Company is founded in Chicago, Illinois.
• 1891 – Painter Paul Gauguin [07 Jun 1848 – 08 May 1903] leaves Marseille for Tahiti.
• 1893 – The United States Navy rank of Chief Petty Officer is created.
• 1895 – Alberta Hunter was born (d. 1984). American singer.
• 1896 – Theodore Robinson US Impressionist painter born on 03 June 1852. He studied under Claude Monet .
• 1897 – Nita Naldi was born (d. 1961). American actress.
• 1898 – William James Sidis was born (d. 1944). American genius.
• 1899 – Gustavs Celmins was born (d. 1968). Latvian politician.
• 1900 – Robert McDowell was born (d. 1988). Mayor of Maryborough, Queensland
• 1901 – Whittaker Chambers was born (d. 1961). American writer, editor, and defector
• 1901 – El ingeniero James Gibb inventa el tenis de mesa o ping pong.
• 1902 – Maria Polydouri was born (d. 1930). Greek poet.
• 1906 – Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev was born (d. 1989). Russian engineer and airplane designer.
• 1908 – Se funda el club Los Forzosos de Almagro, que a mediados de 1909 se rebautizó San Lorenzo de Almagro.
• 1908 – Abraham Maslow was born (d. 1970). American psychologist.
• 1909 – Eddy Duchin was born (d. 1951). American popular pianist & bandleader.
• 1910 – Andreas Achenbach dies (b. 29 Sep 1815). German realist landscape painter.
• 1910 – Mikaïl Alexandrovitch Wrubel (or Wroubel), dies (b. 05 Mar 1856). Russian artist.
• 1910 – Dumitru Dan (Romania) completed a 62,137 mile (100,000 m) walk
• 1912 – The Greek athlete Konstantinos Tsiklitiras breaks the world record in standing long jump jumping 3,47 meters.
• 1914 – Lor Tok was born (d. 2002). Thai comedian and actor
• 1914 – Rube Waddell dies. Baseball Hall of Famer.
• 1915 – Otto Wilhelm Fischer was born (d. 2004). Austrian actor .
• 1917 – Scott Joplin dies in a mental institution in New York City (b. 1868). American musician, composer .
• 1918 – Royal Air Force is formed with the amalgamation of the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS). The RAF took its place beside the British navy and army as a separate military service with its own ministry.
• 1919 – Joseph Murray was born. American surgeon, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• 1920 – Toshiro Mifune was born (d. 1997). Japanese actor.
• 1921 – Ken Reardon was born. Canadian ice hockey player
• 1922 – William Manchester was born. American writer.
• 1922 – Emperor Karl (Franz Josef) of Austria dies (b. 1887) .
• 1923 – Primeira exibição pública de um filme sonoro, no Rialto Theather de Nova Iorque.
• 1924 – Adolf Hitler is sentenced to five years in jail for his participation in the “Beer Hall Putsch.” However, he spends only nine months in jail, during which he wrote his famous book, Mein Kampf.
• 1924 – First revenue flight for Belgium’s Sabena Airlines.
• 1924 – Brendan Byrne was born. Governor of New Jersey
• 1926 – Charles Bressler was born. American tenor.
• 1926 – Anne McCaffrey was born. American science fiction author.
• 1926 – Charles Angrand dies (b. 19 ou 29 Apr 1854). French Normand painter.
• 1928 – Jane Powell was born. Dancer, actress, singer .
• 1928 – George Grizzard was born. American actor.
• 1929 – Payut Ngaokrachang was born. Thai animator
• 1929 – Jane Powell was born. American dancer, actress, and singer
• 1929 – Bo Schembechler was born(d. 2006). American football coach.
• 1929 – Milan Kundera was born in Brno, Czechoslovakia. Writer (Unbearable Lightness of Being, L’art du Roman, Joke) .
• 1929 – Louie Marx introduced the Yo-Yo.
• 1930 – Estreia na Alemanha do filme “O anjo azul”, dirigido por Joseph von Sternberg. Nele se estreia a actriz Marlene Dietrich.
• 1930 – Grace Lee Whitney was born. American actress
• 1930 – Empress Zawditu of Ethiopia dies (b. 1876) .
• 1930 – Cosima Wagner dies (b. 1837). Daughter of Franz Liszt and wife of Richard Wagner.
• 1931 – Rolf Hochhuth was born. German writer .
• 1932 – Gordon Jump was born (d. 2003). American actor, “Maytag Repairman”.
• 1932 – Debbie Reynolds was born. American actress .
• 1933 – The recently elected Nazis under Julius Streicher organize a one-day boycott of all Jewish-owned businesses in Germany, ushering in the series of anti-Semitic acts that will be known as the Holocaust.
• 1933 – Claude Cohen-Tannoudji was born. French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1934 – Bonnie and Clyde kill two young highway patrolmen near Grapevine, Texas.
• 1934 – Rod Kanehl was born (d. 2004). Major League Baseball player.
• 1934 – El sacerdote Juan Bosco – beatificado cinco años antes – es proclamado Santo de la Iglesia Católica.
• 1934 – Don Hastings was born. American television actor.
• 1935 – Larry McDonald was born (d. 1983). American politician.
• 1936 – Jean-Pascal Delamuraz was born (d..1998). Swiss politician, president of the Confederation in 1989 and 1996
• 1936 – Se realiza en Mendoza la primera Fiesta de la Vendimia.
• 1937 – Aden becomes a British crown colony. liza la guerra civil española y comienza la dictadura franquista.
• 1938 – Ali MacGraw, Ali (Alice) MacGraw was born in Pound Ridge, New York, USA. Actress: ( Goodbye Columbus, Love Story, The Getaway, The Winds of War).
• 1938 – John Quade was born. American actor
• 1939 – Generalísimo Francisco Franco of the Spanish State announced the end of the Spanish Civil War, when the last of the Republican forces surrendered.
• 1939 – Phil Niekro was born. American baseball player.
• 1939 – Rudolph Isley was born. American singer (The Isley Brothers)
• 1940 – Wangari Maathai was born. Kenyan environmentalist, activist Nobel Prize for Peace em 2004.
• 1941 – The Blockade Runner Badge for German navy is instituted.
• 1942 – Samuel R. Delany was born. American author
• 1942 – Annie Nightingale was born. British disc jockey
• 1944 – Accidental American bombing of the Swiss city of Schaffhausen. The bombers were lost.
• 1944 – Rusty Staub was born. American baseball player.
• 1945 – World War II: Operation Iceberg – United States troops land on Okinawa in the last campaign of the war.
• 1945 – John Barbata was born. American drummer
• 1946 – Aleutian Island earthquake: A 7.8 magnitude earthquake near the Aleutian Islands creates a tsunami that strikes the Hawaiian Islands killing 159 (mostly in Hilo, Hawaii).
• 1946 – Formation of the Malayan Union.
• 1946 – Ronnie Lane was born. British musician (The Small Faces and The Faces) (d. 1997)
• 1946 – Noah Beery dies (b. 1882). American actor.
• 1947 – Alain Connes was born. French mathematician
• 1947 – Norm Van Lier was born. American basketball player
• 1947 – Robin Scott was born. British singer
• 1947 – King George II of Greece dies (b. 1890).
• 1948 – Cold War: Berlin Airlift – Military forces, under direction of the Soviet-controlled government in East Germany, set-up a land blockade of West Berlin.
• 1948 – Faroe Islands receive autonomy from Denmark.
• 1948 – Jimmy Cliff was born. Jamaican musician.
• 1949 – Chinese Civil War: Communist Party of China hold unsuccessful peace talks with the Kuomintang in Beijing, after three years of fighting.
• 1949 – The twenty-six counties of the Irish Free State become the Republic of Ireland.
• 1949 – Zsa Zsa Gabor and George Sanders got married.
• 1949 – Gérard Mestrallet was born. French businessman
• 1949 – Gil Scott-Heron was born. American musician and composer
• 1949 – Sammy Nelson was born. Irish footballer
• 1950 – Samuel Alito was born. U.S. Supreme Court Justice
• 1950 – Charles R. Drew dies (b. 1904). American physician.
• 1952 – Annette O’Toole was born. American actress
• 1952 – Bernard Stiegler was born. French philosopher
• 1953 – Barry Sonnenfeld was born. Producer, director.
• 1954 – President Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes the creation of the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado.
• 1954 – Jeff Porcaro was born (d. 1992). American drummer (Toto).
• 1955 – The EOKA rebellion starts in Cyprus, aiming at the island’s independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1955 – Ronnie Burk was born (d. 2003). Surrealist and AIDS activist.
• 1957 – La India adopta el sistema métrico decimal.
• 1959 – A Mauritânia adopta a sua bandeira.
• 1960 – The United States launches the first weather satellite, TIROS-1.
• 1960 – Lançamento do primeiro satélite meteorológico pelos Estados Unidos da América.
• 1960 – Michael Praed was born. British actor
• 1962 – Manuel Monteiro was born. Portuguese politician well known for his role as CDS/PP member.
• 1964 – Erik Breukink was born. Dutch cyclist and manager
• 1964 – Scott Stevens was born. Canadian ice hockey player.
• 1964 – Alberto Bordalo dies (b. 1924). Brazilian writer.
• 1965 – Mark Jackson was born. American basketball player
• 1965 – Robert Steadman was born. English composer
• 1965 – Mark Jackson was born. Professional basketball player.
• 1965 – Helena Rubinstein dies (b. 1870). Cosmetic manufacturer.
• 1966 – Flann O’Brien dies (b. 1911)., Irish humorist.
• 1967 – The UnitedStates Department of Transportation begins operation.
• 1968 – Lev Davidovich Landau dies (b. 1908). Russian physicist.
• 1969 – The Hawker Siddeley Harrier enters service with the RAF.
• 1970 – President Richard Nixon signs the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act into law banning cigarette advertisements in the United States starting on January 1, 1971.
• 1970 – American Motors introduces the Gremlin.
• 1970 – Sung Hi Lee was born in Seoul, South Korea. Atress.
• 1971 – Method Man was born. American musician.
• 1971 – Shinji Nakano was born. Japanese race car driver
• 1972 – The first major league baseball players strike in the U.S. begins.
• 1972 – Allen and Albert Hughes was born. American film directors
• 1972 – Jesse Tobias was born. American musician
• 1972 – Darren McCarty was born. Canadian ice hockey player
• 1973 – Project Tiger, a tiger conservation project, is launched in the Corbett National Park, India.
• 1973 – In Britain, Value Added Tax (VAT) replaced Purchase Tax and Selective Employment Tax.
• 1973 – Christian Finnegan was born. American comedian
• 1973 – Stephen Fleming was born. New Zealand cricketer
• 1974 – In the United Kingdom, the Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties come into being
• 1974 – Richard Christy was born. American drummer
• 1974 – Sandra Völker was born. German swimmer
• 1975 – Magdalena Maleeva was born in Sofia Bulgaria, tennis star (1995 Chicago Moscow) .
• 1975 – Cambodia President Lon Nol flees for Red Khmer.
• 1975 – George Bastl was born.Swiss tennis player
• 1976 – Apple Computer Company is formed by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak.
• 1976 – Conrail takes over operations from six bankrupt railroads in the northeastern U.S..
• 1976 – Clarence Seedorf was born. Surinamese-born Dutch footballer (Ajax, Real Madrid…)
• 1976 – Max Ernst dies (b. 02 Apr 1891). German /French Surrealist painter and sculptor.
• 1977 – Haimar Zubeldia was born. Spanish cyclist
• 1978 – Miroslava Vavrinec was born. Swiss tennis player
• 1978 – Jean-Pierre Dumont was born. Canadian ice hockey player
• 1979 – Iran’s government becomes Islamic Republic by a 98% vote, overthrowing the Shah officially.
• 1979 – Ivano Balić was born. Croatian handballer .
• 1979 – Bruno Coquatrix dies (b. 1910). French music impresario.
• 1980 – New York City’s Transit Worker Union 100 goes on strike, lasting 11 days.
• 1980 – Randy Orton was born. American professional wrestler.
• 1980 – Bijou Phillips was born. American actress
• 1980 – Yūko Takeuchi was born. Japanese actress
• 1981 – Daylight saving time is introduced in the USSR.
• 1981 – Theresa Sokyrka was born. Canadian Idol runner-up.
• 1981 – Hannah Spearritt was born. British singer (S Club 7)
• 1981 – Antonis Fotsis was born. Greek basketball player
• 1981 – Eua Sunthornsanan dies (b. 1910). Thai composer and bandleader.
• 1982 – Sam Huntington was born. American actor
• 1982 – Gemma Hunt was born. British children’s television presenter (CBBC-Xchange)
• 1983 – Ólafur Ingi Skúlason was born. Icelandic footballer
• 1983 – Sean Taylor was born. American football player
• 1983 – Franck Ribery was born. French footballer
• 1982 – Miguel Espinosa Gironés dies. Spanish writer.
• 1984 – Marvin Gaye dies shot to death by his father (b. 1939). American singer.
• 1984 -Uruguay: cacerolada contra la dictadura militar.
• 1984 – Olga Rei was born. Russian television personality
• 1985 – David Lee Roth announces his departure from Van Halen.
• 1985 – The album “We Are the World” was released. Eight rock stars donated previously unreleased material for the LP.
• 1986 – Ireen Wüst was born. Dutch speed skater.
• 1986 – Erik Bruhn dies (b. 1928). Danish ballet dancer, choreographer.
• 1987 – Ding Junhui was born. Chinese snooker player
• 1988 – Courtney McCool was born. American gymnast
• 1988 – Joe Besser dies. Actor, comedian; member of the Three Stooges
• 1988 – Jim Jordan dies (b. 1896). American actor (Fibber McGee).
• 1989 – Margaret Thatcher’s new local government tax, the Poll tax, was introduced in Scotland.
• 1991 – Martha Graham dies (b. 1894). American dancer, choreographer.
• 1993 – Alan Kulwicki dies (b. 1954). NASCAR driver, 1992 Winston Cup Champion.
• 1993 – Solly Zuckerman dies. South-African born British zoologist .
• 1994 – Robert Doisneau dies (b. 1912). French photographer.
• 1996 – University of Kentucky team wins NCAA Men’s Division I Basketball Championship.
• 1996 – The Halifax Regional Municipality in Nova Scotia was created .
• 1996 – Mário Viegas dies (b. 1948). Portuguese actor / Mário Viegas morre em Lisboa, Portugal (nasceu em Santarém em 10 Novembro de 1948). Encenador. Actor. Declamador. Filmografia como actor, escritor compreende, designadamente Judeu, O (1996) … aka The Jew (USA); Afirma Pereira (1996)… aka According to Pereira (USA) ; Fado Lusitano (1994) (voice) Narrator; A Divina Comédia (1991) …. aka The Divine Comedy ; Cornos de Cronos, Os (1991) ; A Mulher do Próximo (1988) ; Repórter X (1987) ; Sem Sombra de Pecado (1983) ; Kilas, o Mau da Fita (1981) … aka The Killers (International: English title) ; Rei das Berlengas, O (1978); Funeral do Patrão, O (1975) ] .
• 1996 – Uma reorganização administrativa na Escócia institui as Autoridades Unitárias .
• 1996 – Florence Buchsbaum dies (b. 1926). Theater director and musician.
• 1998 – Gene Evans dies (b. 1922). American actor.
• 1998 – Rozz Williams dies (b. 1963). American musician, member of Christian Death.
• 1999 – Nunavut is established as a Canadian territory carved from the eastern part of the Northwest Territories.
• 2000 – Bob and George, a webcomic, appears on the Internet.
• 2000 – Alexander Mackenzie Stuart, Baron Mackenzie-Stuart dies (b. 1924). President of the European Court of Justice.
• 2001 – An EP-3E United States Navy plane collides with a Chinese People’s Liberation Army fighter jet. The Navy crew makes an emergency landing in Hainan, People’s Republic of China and is detained.
• 2001 – Former president of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Slobodan Milosevic surrenders to police special forces, to be tried on charges of war crimes.
• 2001 – The first legal same-sex marriage in the Netherlands is celebrated.
• 2001 – Olivia Barclay dies (b. 1919). British astrologer.
• 2001 – Jo-Jo Moore dies (b. 1908). American baseball player.
• 2001 – Trinh Cong Son dies (b. 1939). Vietnamese composer.
• 2002 – The Netherlands legalizes euthanasia, becoming the only nation in the world to do so.
• 2002 – Simo Hayha dies (b. 1905). Finnish marksman.
• 2003 – In Sturgis, Michigan, seven men place signs around town reading “All your base are belong to us,” based on the popular mistranslation from the Japanese video game Zero Wing.
• 2003 – Leslie Cheung dies (b. 1956). Hong-Kong actor and singer.
• 2003 – Hyosuke Kujiraoka dies. Former vice speaker of the House of Representatives .
• 2003 – Jessica Lynch was rescued by U.S. commandos in a raid on an Iraqi hospital.
• 2004 – George W. Bush signs the Unborn Victims of Violence Act, which makes an attack that leads to the death of a mother and her unborn child two criminal charges.
• 2004 – The first legal same-sex marriage in the Canadian province of Quebec: Michael Hendricks and René Leboeuf wed in Montreal.
• 2004 – Carrie Snodgress dies (b. 1946). American actress.
• 2005 – Harald Juhnke dies (b. 1929). German entertainer.
• 2005 – Jack Keller dies (b. 1936). American songwriter
• 2005 – Ioannis Kyrastas dies (b. 1952). Greek footballer and manager.
• 2005 – Robert Coldwell Wood dies (b. 1923). American university president and political appointee.
• 2005 – Alexander Brott dies (b. 1915). Canadian violinist, conductor and composer.
• 2006 – The Serious Organised Crime Agency, dubbed the ‘British FBI’, is created in the United Kingdom.
• 2006 – In Tam dies (b. 1916). Cambodian politician.
• April 1 is known as April Fool’s Day in many countries. Dia da mentira.
• Japan – The official start of school years in most universities and schools. Also, the official first day of work at companies and offices for new university graduates hires, marked by welcoming ceremonies and speeches.
• Canada – Beginning of government’s fiscal year.
• India – Start of financial year.
• Orissa – a state in eastern India

On this day in History – Apr. 1 Março 31, 2007

• 0527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.
• 1085 – Emperor Shenzong of China dies (b. 1048)
• 1132 – St-Hugues dies (b. 1053). Bishop of Guenette.
• 1204 – Eleanor of Aquitaine dies (b. c. 122). Wife of Henry II of England.
• 1205 – King Amalric II of Jerusalem dies (b. 1145).
• 1220 – Emperor Go-Saga of Japan was born (d. 1272).
• 1318 – Berwick-upon-Tweed is captured by the Scottish from the English.
• 1340 – Niels Ebbesen kills Gerhard III of Holstein in his bedroom, ending the 1332-1340 interregnum in Denmark.
• 1389 – Pacto de no agresión entre la Confederación Suiza y Austria.
• 1431 – Portugal: D. Nuno Álvares Pereira (“O Santo Condestável”) dies.
• 1528 – Francisco de Peñalosa dies. Spanish composer.
• 1543 – François de Bonne, duc de Lesdiguières was born (d. 1626). Constable of France
• 1572 – in the Eighty Years’ War, the Watergeuzen capture Brielle from the Spaniards, gaining the first foothold on land for what would become the Dutch Republic.
• 1578 – William Harvey was born (d. 1657). Physician, discovered blood circulation.
• 1580 – Alonso Mudarra dies. Spanish composer
• 1610 – Charles de Saint-Évremond was born (d. 1703). French soldier.
• 1618 – Jan Philips Righolz Conwemberg van Thielen Mechelen was born (d. 1667). Flemish painter, brother-in-law of Théodore Rombouts
• 1621 – Massasoit, chief of the Wampanoags, and John Carver, governor of Plymouth Colony, sign the first peace treaty between Native Americans and Pilgrims.
• 1621 – Cristofano Allori dies (b. 17 Oct 1577). Florentine painter.
• 1637 – Niwa Nagashige dies (b. 1571). Japanese daimyo and retainer.
• 1640 – Georg Mohr was born (d. 1697). Danish mathematician.
• 1647 – John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester was born (d. 1680). English poet.
• 1649 – fray Juan Bautista Maino (or Mayno) dies. Spanish Baroque painter, who studied under Caravaggio and El Greco.
• 1682 – Franz Egon of Fürstenberg dies (b. 1625). Bishop of Strassburg.
• 1684 – Roger Williams was born (d. 1603). English theologian and colonist.
• 1753 – Joseph de Maistre was born (d. 1821). French diplomat and writer.
• 1765 – Luigi Schiavonetti was born (d. 1810). Italian engraver.
• 1776 – Sophie Germain was born (d. 1831). Mathematician.
• 1778 – Oliver Pollock, a New Orleans businessman, created the “$” symbol.
• 1784 – Johannes Janson dies (b. 17 Apr 1729). Dutch artist.
• 1787 – Floyer Sydenham, English classical scholar (b. 1710)
• 1789 – In New York City, the United States House of Representatives holds its first quorum and elects Frederick Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania as its first House Speaker.
• 1791 – Richard Butler dies (b. 1743). American soldier.
• 1793 – In Japan, the volcano Unsen erupted killing about 53,000.
• 1802 – Joseph-Siffrède Duplessis dies (b. 22 Sep 1725). French artist.
• 1815 – Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck was born in Schönhausen, Altmark, Prussia [now Germany] (d. 30 Jul 1878). Prusso-German statesman and chancellor of the German Empire.
• 1815 – Edward Clark was born (d. 1880). Governor of Texas.
• 1823 – Simon Bolivar Buckner Lieutenant General (Confederate Army), was born ( died in 1914).
• 1826 – Samuel Morey patents the internal combustion engine.
• 1831 – Samuel Albert (or Albrecht) Anker was born (d. 16 Jul 1910). Swiss painter and illustrator, specialized in Children.
• 1833 – El general mexicano Antonio López de Santa Anna se erige en presidente de la república.
• 1833 – Se inaugura la Parroquia de Nuestra Señora de Balvanera, en Buenos Aires.
• 1834 – James Fisk was born (d. 1872). Entrepreneur.
• 1839 – Nicolas-Didier Boguet dies (b. 18 Feb 1755). French painter and draftsman.
• 1839 – Benjamin Pierce dies (b. 1757). Governor of New Hampshire.
• 1854 – Hard Times begins serialisation in Charles Dickens magazine, Household Words.
• 1854 – Bill Traylor was born (d. 1949). American artist.
• 1856 – Acacio Gabriel Viegas was born (d. 1933). Indian physician.
• 1856 – Falleció en Buenos Aires, el General Eustaquio Díaz Vélez, patriota que fuera defensor de la Independencia Argentina, estadista y hacendado. Nació en Buenos Aires, el día 2 de Noviembre de 1782.
• 1856 – Charles Maurin was born (d. 22 Jul 1914). French painter and printmaker. Among his paintings are the Prelude to Lohengrin and Maternity.
• 1857 – Herman Melville publishes The Confidence-Man.
• 1865 – American Civil War: Battle of Five Forks – In Petersburg, Virginia, Confederate General Robert E. Lee begins his final offensive.
• 1865 – Richard Zsigmondy was born. Austrian-born chemist, Nobel Prize 1925.
• 1866 – Ferruccio Busoni was born (d. 1924). Italian pianist and composer.
• 1867 – Singapore becomes British crown colony.
• 1868 – Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute is established in Hampton, Virginia.
• 1868 – Edmond Rostand was born in Marseille (d. 02 Dec 1918). French poet and dramatist, best-known from his play Cyrano de Bergerac.
• 1872 – Frederick Maurice dies (b. 1805). English theologian.
• 1872 – William Frederick Horry dies executed by William Marwood (b. 1843)
• 1873 – The British steamer SS Atlantic sinks off Nova Scotia killing 547.
• 1873 – Sergei Rachmaninoff was born (d. 1943). Composer, pianist, and conductor ( Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini).
• 1875 – Edgar Wallace was born (d. 1932). English playwright, novelist.
• 1878 – (Jean François) Eugène Gautier dies on Paris (b. 27 Feb 1822). French composer.
• 1878 – John Corry Wilson Daly dies (b. 1796). Canadian politician.
• 1880 – Agha Petros was born (d. 1932). Assyrian general.
• 1883 – Lon Chaney, Sr., was born in Colorado Springs, Colorado (d. 26 Aug 1930). American actor. Due to his ability to portray an endless variety of characters throughout his career, he became known as “The Man of a Thousand Faces”.
• 1885 – Wallace (Fitzgerald) Beery was born (d. 15 Apr 1949). Academy award- winning actor: (The Champ [1931-1932], Grand Hotel, We’re in the Navy Now, Treasure Island, The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, The Last of the Mohicans, China Seas) .
• 1888 – Alberto Vacarezza was born in Buenos Aires († 06 Aug 1959). Argentine playwriter.
• 1888 – Soccer team Sparta forms in Rotterdam.
• 1889 – Japan : Official foundation of the city Yokohama
• 1891 – The Wrigley Company is founded in Chicago, Illinois.
• 1891 – Painter Paul Gauguin [07 Jun 1848 – 08 May 1903] leaves Marseille for Tahiti.
• 1893 – The United States Navy rank of Chief Petty Officer is created.
• 1895 – Alberta Hunter was born (d. 1984). American singer.
• 1896 – Theodore Robinson US Impressionist painter born on 03 June 1852. He studied under Claude Monet .
• 1897 – Nita Naldi was born (d. 1961). American actress.
• 1898 – William James Sidis was born (d. 1944). American genius.
• 1899 – Gustavs Celmins was born (d. 1968). Latvian politician.
• 1900 – Robert McDowell was born (d. 1988). Mayor of Maryborough, Queensland
• 1901 – Whittaker Chambers was born (d. 1961). American writer, editor, and defector
• 1901 – El ingeniero James Gibb inventa el tenis de mesa o ping pong.
• 1902 – Maria Polydouri was born (d. 1930). Greek poet.
• 1906 – Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev was born (d. 1989). Russian engineer and airplane designer.
• 1908 – Se funda el club Los Forzosos de Almagro, que a mediados de 1909 se rebautizó San Lorenzo de Almagro.
• 1908 – Abraham Maslow was born (d. 1970). American psychologist.
• 1909 – Eddy Duchin was born (d. 1951). American popular pianist & bandleader.
• 1910 – Andreas Achenbach dies (b. 29 Sep 1815). German realist landscape painter.
• 1910 – Mikaïl Alexandrovitch Wrubel (or Wroubel), dies (b. 05 Mar 1856). Russian artist.
• 1910 – Dumitru Dan (Romania) completed a 62,137 mile (100,000 m) walk
• 1912 – The Greek athlete Konstantinos Tsiklitiras breaks the world record in standing long jump jumping 3,47 meters.
• 1914 – Lor Tok was born (d. 2002). Thai comedian and actor
• 1914 – Rube Waddell dies. Baseball Hall of Famer.
• 1915 – Otto Wilhelm Fischer was born (d. 2004). Austrian actor .
• 1917 – Scott Joplin dies in a mental institution in New York City (b. 1868). American musician, composer .
• 1918 – Royal Air Force is formed with the amalgamation of the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS). The RAF took its place beside the British navy and army as a separate military service with its own ministry.
• 1919 – Joseph Murray was born. American surgeon, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• 1920 – Toshiro Mifune was born (d. 1997). Japanese actor.
• 1921 – Ken Reardon was born. Canadian ice hockey player
• 1922 – William Manchester was born. American writer.
• 1922 – Emperor Karl (Franz Josef) of Austria dies (b. 1887) .
• 1923 – Primeira exibição pública de um filme sonoro, no Rialto Theather de Nova Iorque.
• 1924 – Adolf Hitler is sentenced to five years in jail for his participation in the “Beer Hall Putsch.” However, he spends only nine months in jail, during which he wrote his famous book, Mein Kampf.
• 1924 – First revenue flight for Belgium’s Sabena Airlines.
• 1924 – Brendan Byrne was born. Governor of New Jersey
• 1926 – Charles Bressler was born. American tenor.
• 1926 – Anne McCaffrey was born. American science fiction author.
• 1926 – Charles Angrand dies (b. 19 ou 29 Apr 1854). French Normand painter.
• 1928 – Jane Powell was born. Dancer, actress, singer .
• 1928 – George Grizzard was born. American actor.
• 1929 – Payut Ngaokrachang was born. Thai animator
• 1929 – Jane Powell was born. American dancer, actress, and singer
• 1929 – Bo Schembechler was born(d. 2006). American football coach.
• 1929 – Milan Kundera was born in Brno, Czechoslovakia. Writer (Unbearable Lightness of Being, L’art du Roman, Joke) .
• 1929 – Louie Marx introduced the Yo-Yo.
• 1930 – Estreia na Alemanha do filme “O anjo azul”, dirigido por Joseph von Sternberg. Nele se estreia a actriz Marlene Dietrich.
• 1930 – Grace Lee Whitney was born. American actress
• 1930 – Empress Zawditu of Ethiopia dies (b. 1876) .
• 1930 – Cosima Wagner dies (b. 1837). Daughter of Franz Liszt and wife of Richard Wagner.
• 1931 – Rolf Hochhuth was born. German writer .
• 1932 – Gordon Jump was born (d. 2003). American actor, “Maytag Repairman”.
• 1932 – Debbie Reynolds was born. American actress .
• 1933 – The recently elected Nazis under Julius Streicher organize a one-day boycott of all Jewish-owned businesses in Germany, ushering in the series of anti-Semitic acts that will be known as the Holocaust.
• 1933 – Claude Cohen-Tannoudji was born. French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1934 – Bonnie and Clyde kill two young highway patrolmen near Grapevine, Texas.
• 1934 – Rod Kanehl was born (d. 2004). Major League Baseball player.
• 1934 – El sacerdote Juan Bosco – beatificado cinco años antes – es proclamado Santo de la Iglesia Católica.
• 1934 – Don Hastings was born. American television actor.
• 1935 – Larry McDonald was born (d. 1983). American politician.
• 1936 – Jean-Pascal Delamuraz was born (d..1998). Swiss politician, president of the Confederation in 1989 and 1996
• 1936 – Se realiza en Mendoza la primera Fiesta de la Vendimia.
• 1937 – Aden becomes a British crown colony. liza la guerra civil española y comienza la dictadura franquista.
• 1938 – Ali MacGraw, Ali (Alice) MacGraw was born in Pound Ridge, New York, USA. Actress: ( Goodbye Columbus, Love Story, The Getaway, The Winds of War).
• 1938 – John Quade was born. American actor
• 1939 – Generalísimo Francisco Franco of the Spanish State announced the end of the Spanish Civil War, when the last of the Republican forces surrendered.
• 1939 – Phil Niekro was born. American baseball player.
• 1939 – Rudolph Isley was born. American singer (The Isley Brothers)
• 1940 – Wangari Maathai was born. Kenyan environmentalist, activist Nobel Prize for Peace em 2004.
• 1941 – The Blockade Runner Badge for German navy is instituted.
• 1942 – Samuel R. Delany was born. American author
• 1942 – Annie Nightingale was born. British disc jockey
• 1944 – Accidental American bombing of the Swiss city of Schaffhausen. The bombers were lost.
• 1944 – Rusty Staub was born. American baseball player.
• 1945 – World War II: Operation Iceberg – United States troops land on Okinawa in the last campaign of the war.
• 1945 – John Barbata was born. American drummer
• 1946 – Aleutian Island earthquake: A 7.8 magnitude earthquake near the Aleutian Islands creates a tsunami that strikes the Hawaiian Islands killing 159 (mostly in Hilo, Hawaii).
• 1946 – Formation of the Malayan Union.
• 1946 – Ronnie Lane was born. British musician (The Small Faces and The Faces) (d. 1997)
• 1946 – Noah Beery dies (b. 1882). American actor.
• 1947 – Alain Connes was born. French mathematician
• 1947 – Norm Van Lier was born. American basketball player
• 1947 – Robin Scott was born. British singer
• 1947 – King George II of Greece dies (b. 1890).
• 1948 – Cold War: Berlin Airlift – Military forces, under direction of the Soviet-controlled government in East Germany, set-up a land blockade of West Berlin.
• 1948 – Faroe Islands receive autonomy from Denmark.
• 1948 – Jimmy Cliff was born. Jamaican musician.
• 1949 – Chinese Civil War: Communist Party of China hold unsuccessful peace talks with the Kuomintang in Beijing, after three years of fighting.
• 1949 – The twenty-six counties of the Irish Free State become the Republic of Ireland.
• 1949 – Zsa Zsa Gabor and George Sanders got married.
• 1949 – Gérard Mestrallet was born. French businessman
• 1949 – Gil Scott-Heron was born. American musician and composer
• 1949 – Sammy Nelson was born. Irish footballer
• 1950 – Samuel Alito was born. U.S. Supreme Court Justice
• 1950 – Charles R. Drew dies (b. 1904). American physician.
• 1952 – Annette O’Toole was born. American actress
• 1952 – Bernard Stiegler was born. French philosopher
• 1953 – Barry Sonnenfeld was born. Producer, director.
• 1954 – President Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes the creation of the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado.
• 1954 – Jeff Porcaro was born (d. 1992). American drummer (Toto).
• 1955 – The EOKA rebellion starts in Cyprus, aiming at the island’s independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1955 – Ronnie Burk was born (d. 2003). Surrealist and AIDS activist.
• 1957 – La India adopta el sistema métrico decimal.
• 1959 – A Mauritânia adopta a sua bandeira.
• 1960 – The United States launches the first weather satellite, TIROS-1.
• 1960 – Lançamento do primeiro satélite meteorológico pelos Estados Unidos da América.
• 1960 – Michael Praed was born. British actor
• 1962 – Manuel Monteiro was born. Portuguese politician well known for his role as CDS/PP member.
• 1964 – Erik Breukink was born. Dutch cyclist and manager
• 1964 – Scott Stevens was born. Canadian ice hockey player.
• 1964 – Alberto Bordalo dies (b. 1924). Brazilian writer.
• 1965 – Mark Jackson was born. American basketball player
• 1965 – Robert Steadman was born. English composer
• 1965 – Mark Jackson was born. Professional basketball player.
• 1965 – Helena Rubinstein dies (b. 1870). Cosmetic manufacturer.
• 1966 – Flann O’Brien dies (b. 1911)., Irish humorist.
• 1967 – The UnitedStates Department of Transportation begins operation.
• 1968 – Lev Davidovich Landau dies (b. 1908). Russian physicist.
• 1969 – The Hawker Siddeley Harrier enters service with the RAF.
• 1970 – President Richard Nixon signs the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act into law banning cigarette advertisements in the United States starting on January 1, 1971.
• 1970 – American Motors introduces the Gremlin.
• 1970 – Sung Hi Lee was born in Seoul, South Korea. Atress.
• 1971 – Method Man was born. American musician.
• 1971 – Shinji Nakano was born. Japanese race car driver
• 1972 – The first major league baseball players strike in the U.S. begins.
• 1972 – Allen and Albert Hughes was born. American film directors
• 1972 – Jesse Tobias was born. American musician
• 1972 – Darren McCarty was born. Canadian ice hockey player
• 1973 – Project Tiger, a tiger conservation project, is launched in the Corbett National Park, India.
• 1973 – In Britain, Value Added Tax (VAT) replaced Purchase Tax and Selective Employment Tax.
• 1973 – Christian Finnegan was born. American comedian
• 1973 – Stephen Fleming was born. New Zealand cricketer
• 1974 – In the United Kingdom, the Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties come into being
• 1974 – Richard Christy was born. American drummer
• 1974 – Sandra Völker was born. German swimmer
• 1975 – Magdalena Maleeva was born in Sofia Bulgaria, tennis star (1995 Chicago Moscow) .
• 1975 – Cambodia President Lon Nol flees for Red Khmer.
• 1975 – George Bastl was born.Swiss tennis player
• 1976 – Apple Computer Company is formed by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak.
• 1976 – Conrail takes over operations from six bankrupt railroads in the northeastern U.S..
• 1976 – Clarence Seedorf was born. Surinamese-born Dutch footballer (Ajax, Real Madrid…)
• 1976 – Max Ernst dies (b. 02 Apr 1891). German /French Surrealist painter and sculptor.
• 1977 – Haimar Zubeldia was born. Spanish cyclist
• 1978 – Miroslava Vavrinec was born. Swiss tennis player
• 1978 – Jean-Pierre Dumont was born. Canadian ice hockey player
• 1979 – Iran’s government becomes Islamic Republic by a 98% vote, overthrowing the Shah officially.
• 1979 – Ivano Balić was born. Croatian handballer .
• 1979 – Bruno Coquatrix dies (b. 1910). French music impresario.
• 1980 – New York City’s Transit Worker Union 100 goes on strike, lasting 11 days.
• 1980 – Randy Orton was born. American professional wrestler.
• 1980 – Bijou Phillips was born. American actress
• 1980 – Yūko Takeuchi was born. Japanese actress
• 1981 – Daylight saving time is introduced in the USSR.
• 1981 – Theresa Sokyrka was born. Canadian Idol runner-up.
• 1981 – Hannah Spearritt was born. British singer (S Club 7)
• 1981 – Antonis Fotsis was born. Greek basketball player
• 1981 – Eua Sunthornsanan dies (b. 1910). Thai composer and bandleader.
• 1982 – Sam Huntington was born. American actor
• 1982 – Gemma Hunt was born. British children’s television presenter (CBBC-Xchange)
• 1983 – Ólafur Ingi Skúlason was born. Icelandic footballer
• 1983 – Sean Taylor was born. American football player
• 1983 – Franck Ribery was born. French footballer
• 1982 – Miguel Espinosa Gironés dies. Spanish writer.
• 1984 – Marvin Gaye dies shot to death by his father (b. 1939). American singer.
• 1984 -Uruguay: cacerolada contra la dictadura militar.
• 1984 – Olga Rei was born. Russian television personality
• 1985 – David Lee Roth announces his departure from Van Halen.
• 1985 – The album “We Are the World” was released. Eight rock stars donated previously unreleased material for the LP.
• 1986 – Ireen Wüst was born. Dutch speed skater.
• 1986 – Erik Bruhn dies (b. 1928). Danish ballet dancer, choreographer.
• 1987 – Ding Junhui was born. Chinese snooker player
• 1988 – Courtney McCool was born. American gymnast
• 1988 – Joe Besser dies. Actor, comedian; member of the Three Stooges
• 1988 – Jim Jordan dies (b. 1896). American actor (Fibber McGee).
• 1989 – Margaret Thatcher’s new local government tax, the Poll tax, was introduced in Scotland.
• 1991 – Martha Graham dies (b. 1894). American dancer, choreographer.
• 1993 – Alan Kulwicki dies (b. 1954). NASCAR driver, 1992 Winston Cup Champion.
• 1993 – Solly Zuckerman dies. South-African born British zoologist .
• 1994 – Robert Doisneau dies (b. 1912). French photographer.
• 1996 – University of Kentucky team wins NCAA Men’s Division I Basketball Championship.
• 1996 – The Halifax Regional Municipality in Nova Scotia was created .
• 1996 – Mário Viegas dies (b. 1948). Portuguese actor / Mário Viegas morre em Lisboa, Portugal (nasceu em Santarém em 10 Novembro de 1948). Encenador. Actor. Declamador. Filmografia como actor, escritor compreende, designadamente Judeu, O (1996) … aka The Jew (USA); Afirma Pereira (1996)… aka According to Pereira (USA) ; Fado Lusitano (1994) (voice) Narrator; A Divina Comédia (1991) …. aka The Divine Comedy ; Cornos de Cronos, Os (1991) ; A Mulher do Próximo (1988) ; Repórter X (1987) ; Sem Sombra de Pecado (1983) ; Kilas, o Mau da Fita (1981) … aka The Killers (International: English title) ; Rei das Berlengas, O (1978); Funeral do Patrão, O (1975) ] .
• 1996 – Uma reorganização administrativa na Escócia institui as Autoridades Unitárias .
• 1996 – Florence Buchsbaum dies (b. 1926). Theater director and musician.
• 1998 – Gene Evans dies (b. 1922). American actor.
• 1998 – Rozz Williams dies (b. 1963). American musician, member of Christian Death.
• 1999 – Nunavut is established as a Canadian territory carved from the eastern part of the Northwest Territories.
• 2000 – Bob and George, a webcomic, appears on the Internet.
• 2000 – Alexander Mackenzie Stuart, Baron Mackenzie-Stuart dies (b. 1924). President of the European Court of Justice.
• 2001 – An EP-3E United States Navy plane collides with a Chinese People’s Liberation Army fighter jet. The Navy crew makes an emergency landing in Hainan, People’s Republic of China and is detained.
• 2001 – Former president of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Slobodan Milosevic surrenders to police special forces, to be tried on charges of war crimes.
• 2001 – The first legal same-sex marriage in the Netherlands is celebrated.
• 2001 – Olivia Barclay dies (b. 1919). British astrologer.
• 2001 – Jo-Jo Moore dies (b. 1908). American baseball player.
• 2001 – Trinh Cong Son dies (b. 1939). Vietnamese composer.
• 2002 – The Netherlands legalizes euthanasia, becoming the only nation in the world to do so.
• 2002 – Simo Hayha dies (b. 1905). Finnish marksman.
• 2003 – In Sturgis, Michigan, seven men place signs around town reading “All your base are belong to us,” based on the popular mistranslation from the Japanese video game Zero Wing.
• 2003 – Leslie Cheung dies (b. 1956). Hong-Kong actor and singer.
• 2003 – Hyosuke Kujiraoka dies. Former vice speaker of the House of Representatives .
• 2003 – Jessica Lynch was rescued by U.S. commandos in a raid on an Iraqi hospital.
• 2004 – George W. Bush signs the Unborn Victims of Violence Act, which makes an attack that leads to the death of a mother and her unborn child two criminal charges.
• 2004 – The first legal same-sex marriage in the Canadian province of Quebec: Michael Hendricks and René Leboeuf wed in Montreal.
• 2004 – Carrie Snodgress dies (b. 1946). American actress.
• 2005 – Harald Juhnke dies (b. 1929). German entertainer.
• 2005 – Jack Keller dies (b. 1936). American songwriter
• 2005 – Ioannis Kyrastas dies (b. 1952). Greek footballer and manager.
• 2005 – Robert Coldwell Wood dies (b. 1923). American university president and political appointee.
• 2005 – Alexander Brott dies (b. 1915). Canadian violinist, conductor and composer.
• 2006 – The Serious Organised Crime Agency, dubbed the ‘British FBI’, is created in the United Kingdom.
• 2006 – In Tam dies (b. 1916). Cambodian politician.
• April 1 is known as April Fool’s Day in many countries. Dia da mentira.
• Japan – The official start of school years in most universities and schools. Also, the official first day of work at companies and offices for new university graduates hires, marked by welcoming ceremonies and speeches.
• Canada – Beginning of government’s fiscal year.
• India – Start of financial year.
• Orissa – a state in eastern India

Ao ataque !!! Março 31, 2007

Já só falta um dia. E o ambiente aquece em Março friorento…

Os jogos da selecção de Portugal, fizeram com que o ambiente antes do clásico Benfica-Porto não aquecesse demasiado antes do tempo. Porém, com a proximidade do jogo, o entusiasmo aumenta. E vai sendo tempo para jogar ao ataque, mesmo antes do jogo começar.

Jesualdo começou dizendo que o Porto vai jogar ao ataque porque não sabe fazer outra coisa. Fernando Santos replica dizendo que tem confiança nos seus jogadores e que espera estar em primeiro às 11 horas da noite de amanhã.

Acho que as declarações de ambos se enquadram dentro do desportivismo aceitável e que não ultrapassaram os limites da sã convivencia. Ainda bem

Mas Jesualdo disse qualquer coisa subliminar relativamente ao árbitro Paulo Proença, que esperava que ele fizesse uma arbitragem de coragem! Isto aqui, já tem água no bico. Como o jogo é na Luz admitia Jesualdo que o árbitro para ser isento tem de ser corajoso?

Como se sabe esse árbitro assumiu que era benfiquista. Eu como adepto, acho que benfiquistas desses são bens dispensáveis e não fiquei muito contente com a sua nomeação. É que arbitragens passadas desse senhor estão-me atravessadas. E nem preciso de consulta. Digo de memória três jogos em que o Benfica foi excessivamente prejudicado por esse senhor:

Penafiel-Benfica 1-0, com quatro lances de penalty possíveis a favor do Benfica e nenhum assinalado.

Boavista-Benfica, no Bessa, acho que na época em que o Boavista foi campeão, com dois penalties favoráveis ao Benfica também esquecidos, ainda Mantorras era o jogador excepcional que os problemas fisícos fizeram com que não se consolidasse.

Mas se os prnalties que para serem marcados a favor do Benfica é preciso haver terramoto, marca esse senhor sem dificuldade nenhuma contra, até inventando-os:

Benfica-Sporting, com Liedson a mergulhar sem que Moreira lhe tocasse e no momento seguinte o guardião encarnado a ir buscar a bola no fundo da baliza após a concretização do penalty que Proença assinalou.

Depois disto e das recentes arbitragens do Porto: três golos antecedidos de fora de jogo com o Beira-Mar e um penalty não assinalado contra o Marítimo que daria o 1-1, quereria Jesualdo fazer apelo a que é preciso ter coragem para não marcar penalties que são ( a favor do Benfica), e marcar penalties que não são (contra o Benfica?). Veremos… Ainda não se esgotaram os ecos do golo que o Benfica marcou e que não valeu porque Baía não podia dar frangos.

Para além da arbitragem veremos quem tem armas a sério amanhã para jogar ao ataque. Se as armas são como as dos Estados Unidos utilizadas no ataque ao Iraque ou se são as balas do Raul Solnado que depois de disparadas se têm de ir buscar outra vez para recarregar.

Deixo um desejo final: Com tanto ataque, que não haja mortos, nem feridos de verdade!

Penafiel-Benfica – 7 Maio 2005
O que é que Proença anda a fazer – Maio de 2005

Ao ataque !!! Março 31, 2007

Já só falta um dia. E o ambiente aquece em Março friorento…

Os jogos da selecção de Portugal, fizeram com que o ambiente antes do clásico Benfica-Porto não aquecesse demasiado antes do tempo. Porém, com a proximidade do jogo, o entusiasmo aumenta. E vai sendo tempo para jogar ao ataque, mesmo antes do jogo começar.

Jesualdo começou dizendo que o Porto vai jogar ao ataque porque não sabe fazer outra coisa. Fernando Santos replica dizendo que tem confiança nos seus jogadores e que espera estar em primeiro às 11 horas da noite de amanhã.

Acho que as declarações de ambos se enquadram dentro do desportivismo aceitável e que não ultrapassaram os limites da sã convivencia. Ainda bem

Mas Jesualdo disse qualquer coisa subliminar relativamente ao árbitro Paulo Proença, que esperava que ele fizesse uma arbitragem de coragem! Isto aqui, já tem água no bico. Como o jogo é na Luz admitia Jesualdo que o árbitro para ser isento tem de ser corajoso?

Como se sabe esse árbitro assumiu que era benfiquista. Eu como adepto, acho que benfiquistas desses são bens dispensáveis e não fiquei muito contente com a sua nomeação. É que arbitragens passadas desse senhor estão-me atravessadas. E nem preciso de consulta. Digo de memória três jogos em que o Benfica foi excessivamente prejudicado por esse senhor:

Penafiel-Benfica 1-0, com quatro lances de penalty possíveis a favor do Benfica e nenhum assinalado.

Boavista-Benfica, no Bessa, acho que na época em que o Boavista foi campeão, com dois penalties favoráveis ao Benfica também esquecidos, ainda Mantorras era o jogador excepcional que os problemas fisícos fizeram com que não se consolidasse.

Mas se os prnalties que para serem marcados a favor do Benfica é preciso haver terramoto, marca esse senhor sem dificuldade nenhuma contra, até inventando-os:

Benfica-Sporting, com Liedson a mergulhar sem que Moreira lhe tocasse e no momento seguinte o guardião encarnado a ir buscar a bola no fundo da baliza após a concretização do penalty que Proença assinalou.

Depois disto e das recentes arbitragens do Porto: três golos antecedidos de fora de jogo com o Beira-Mar e um penalty não assinalado contra o Marítimo que daria o 1-1, quereria Jesualdo fazer apelo a que é preciso ter coragem para não marcar penalties que são ( a favor do Benfica), e marcar penalties que não são (contra o Benfica?). Veremos… Ainda não se esgotaram os ecos do golo que o Benfica marcou e que não valeu porque Baía não podia dar frangos.

Para além da arbitragem veremos quem tem armas a sério amanhã para jogar ao ataque. Se as armas são como as dos Estados Unidos utilizadas no ataque ao Iraque ou se são as balas do Raul Solnado que depois de disparadas se têm de ir buscar outra vez para recarregar.

Deixo um desejo final: Com tanto ataque, que não haja mortos, nem feridos de verdade!

Penafiel-Benfica – 7 Maio 2005
O que é que Proença anda a fazer – Maio de 2005

Ao ataque !!! Março 31, 2007

Já só falta um dia. E o ambiente aquece em Março friorento…

Os jogos da selecção de Portugal, fizeram com que o ambiente antes do clásico Benfica-Porto não aquecesse demasiado antes do tempo. Porém, com a proximidade do jogo, o entusiasmo aumenta. E vai sendo tempo para jogar ao ataque, mesmo antes do jogo começar.

Jesualdo começou dizendo que o Porto vai jogar ao ataque porque não sabe fazer outra coisa. Fernando Santos replica dizendo que tem confiança nos seus jogadores e que espera estar em primeiro às 11 horas da noite de amanhã.

Acho que as declarações de ambos se enquadram dentro do desportivismo aceitável e que não ultrapassaram os limites da sã convivencia. Ainda bem

Mas Jesualdo disse qualquer coisa subliminar relativamente ao árbitro Paulo Proença, que esperava que ele fizesse uma arbitragem de coragem! Isto aqui, já tem água no bico. Como o jogo é na Luz admitia Jesualdo que o árbitro para ser isento tem de ser corajoso?

Como se sabe esse árbitro assumiu que era benfiquista. Eu como adepto, acho que benfiquistas desses são bens dispensáveis e não fiquei muito contente com a sua nomeação. É que arbitragens passadas desse senhor estão-me atravessadas. E nem preciso de consulta. Digo de memória três jogos em que o Benfica foi excessivamente prejudicado por esse senhor:

Penafiel-Benfica 1-0, com quatro lances de penalty possíveis a favor do Benfica e nenhum assinalado.

Boavista-Benfica, no Bessa, acho que na época em que o Boavista foi campeão, com dois penalties favoráveis ao Benfica também esquecidos, ainda Mantorras era o jogador excepcional que os problemas fisícos fizeram com que não se consolidasse.

Mas se os prnalties que para serem marcados a favor do Benfica é preciso haver terramoto, marca esse senhor sem dificuldade nenhuma contra, até inventando-os:

Benfica-Sporting, com Liedson a mergulhar sem que Moreira lhe tocasse e no momento seguinte o guardião encarnado a ir buscar a bola no fundo da baliza após a concretização do penalty que Proença assinalou.

Depois disto e das recentes arbitragens do Porto: três golos antecedidos de fora de jogo com o Beira-Mar e um penalty não assinalado contra o Marítimo que daria o 1-1, quereria Jesualdo fazer apelo a que é preciso ter coragem para não marcar penalties que são ( a favor do Benfica), e marcar penalties que não são (contra o Benfica?). Veremos… Ainda não se esgotaram os ecos do golo que o Benfica marcou e que não valeu porque Baía não podia dar frangos.

Para além da arbitragem veremos quem tem armas a sério amanhã para jogar ao ataque. Se as armas são como as dos Estados Unidos utilizadas no ataque ao Iraque ou se são as balas do Raul Solnado que depois de disparadas se têm de ir buscar outra vez para recarregar.

Deixo um desejo final: Com tanto ataque, que não haja mortos, nem feridos de verdade!

Penafiel-Benfica – 7 Maio 2005
O que é que Proença anda a fazer – Maio de 2005

On this day in History – Mar. 31 Março 31, 2007

• 0250 – Constantius Chlorus was born (d. 0306). Roman Emperor.
• 0307 – After divorcing his wife Minerva, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Maximian.
• 1084 – Anti-pope Clement III crowned German emperor Henry IV.
• 1128 – Num diploma desta data, o nome de D. Afonso Henriques aparece à frente de Fernão Peres de Trava, pela primeira vez, demonstrando a tentativa de pacificação entre D. Teresa, Fernão Peres de Trava e a nobreza portucalense revoltada.
• 1146 – Bernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at Vézelay, urging the necessity of a Second Crusade. Louis VII is present, and joins the Crusade.
• 1204 – Eleanor of Aquitaine dies (b. 1121). Queen of France and England.
• 1340 – Ivan I of Russia dies (b. 1288). Prince of Moscow.
• 1371 – É assinado o Tratado de Alcoutim entre D. Fernando e Henrique II de Castela, pelo qual se põe fim à guerra começada em 1369. D. Fernando abdicava das suas pretensões à coroa de Castela, obtendo em troca um alargamento do território de Portugal e o acordo para o seu casamento com a Infanta Dona Leonor, filha mais velha do rei de Castela.
• 1492 – Os reis Católicos, Fernando de Aragão e Isabel de Castela, assinam o decreto de expulsão dos judeus da Espanha.
• 1499 – Pope Pius IV was born (d. 1565).
• 1504 – Guru Angad Dev was born (d. 1552). Second Guru of the Sikhs.
• 1519 – Henry II of France was born (d. 1559).
• 1521 – The first Roman Catholic mass in the Philippines was celebrated on the island of Limasawa.
• 1536 – Ashikaga Yoshiteru was born (d. 1565). Ashikaga shogun.
• 1567 – Philipp I of Hesse dies (b. 1504).
• 1596 – René Descartes was born in La Haye (d. 11 Feb 1650). French mathematician and philosopher. (“I think, therefore I am”)
• 1621 – Philip III of Spain ( Philip II of Portugal) dies (b. 1578)./ Morte de Filipe II de Portugal, (Filipe III de Catela) nascido em 1578, sucedendo-lhe Filipe III com 16 anos.
• 1621 – Andrew Marvell was born (d. 1678). English poet.
• 1631 – John Donne dies (b. 1572). English writer and prelate.
• 1651 – Karl II, Elector Palatine was born (d. 1685).
• 1667 – Assinatura do tratado de aliança entre D. Afonso VI e Luís XIV (França), contra Carlos II de Espanha.
• 1671 – Anne Hyde dies (b. 1637). Queen of James II of England.
• 1675 – Pope Benedict XIV was born (d. 1758).
• 1693 – John Harrisson was born (d. 1776). English horologist and inventer /Nasceu o inventor inglês John Harrison, responsável pelo cronómetro .
• 1703 – Johann Christoph Bach, dies (b. 1642). German composer.
• 1703 – Portugal, Inglaterra e Holanda assinaram um tratado de aliança ofensiva e defensiva .
• 1711 – Ireland’s last trial for witchcraft was at Magee Island.
• 1717 – A sermon on “The Nature of the Kingdom of Christ” by Benjamin Hoadly, the Bishop of Bangor, provoked the Bangorian Controversy.
• 1718 – Marianne Victoria of Borbón was born (d. 1781). Queen regent of Portugal.
• 1723 – King Frederick V of Denmark was born (d. 1766).
• 1723 – Edward Hyde, 3rd Earl of Clarendon dies (b. 1661). British Governor of New York and New Jersey
• 1727 – Sir Isaac Newton dies (b. 1643). Mathematician and physicist.
• 1730 – Étienne Bézout was born (d. 1783). French mathematician.
• 1732 – Joseph Haydn was born in Rohrau, Austria. ( d. 31 May 1809 in Vienna). Composer.
• 1741 – Pieter Burmann the Elder dies (b. 1668). Dutch classical scholar
• 1742 – P. D. Q. Bach was born (d. 1807). Fictitious composer.
• 1745 – Jews were expelled from Prague.
• 1774 – American Revolutionary War: The Kingdom of Great Britain orders the port of Boston, Massachusetts closed in the Boston Port Act.
• 1777 – Charles Cagniard de la Tour was born (d. 1859). French physicist.
• 1778 – Coenraad Jacob Temminck was born (d. 1858). Dutch zoologist.
• 1783 – Nikita Ivanovich Panin dies (b. 1718). Russian statesman.
• 1791 – Mozart aceita a encomenda anónima de um Requiem, enquanto última a composição da Flauta Mágica.
• 1794 – Thomas McKean Thompson McKennan was born (d. 1852). American politician.
• 1806 – Benito Juarez was born (d. 1872). Mexican statesman.
• 1809 – Edward FitzGerald was born (d. 1883). English poet.
• 1809 – Nikolai Gogol was born (d. 1852). Russian writer.
• 1811 – Robert Wilhelm Bunsen was born (d. 1899). Chemist, inventor: Bunsen burner.
• 1819 – Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst was born (d. 1901). Chancellor of Germany
• 1821 – É extinta a Inquisição em Portugal, por uma sessão das Cortes Gerais, Extraordinárias e Constituintes da Nação Portuguesa. Tinha sido instituída por meio da bula “Cum ad nihit magis”, de 23 de Maio de 1536.
• 1822 – The population of the Greek island of Chios is massacred by the Turks following a rebellion attempt, depicted by the French artist Eugène Delacroix.
• 1829 – Pius VIII was elected pope.
• 1837 – John Constable dies (b. 1776). English painter.
• 1839 – Las fuerzas gubernamentales del general y político argentino Juan Manuel de Rosas masacran a los sublevados del barón de Astrada, quien perece en la lucha.
• 1847 – Yegor Ivanovich Zolotarev, Russian mathematician (d. 1878)
• 1854 – Commodore Matthew Perry signs the Treaty of Kanagawa with the Japanese government, opening the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade.
• 1855 – Alfred E. Hunt was born (d. 1899). American metallurgist and industrialist best known for founding the company that would eventually become, the world’s largest producer and distributor of aluminum.
• 1855 – Charlotte Brontë dies (b. 1816). English author.
• 1864 – Manuel Murillo Toro is elected President of Colombia.
• 1866 – Spanish Navy bombs the harbour of Valparaíso, Chile .
• 1870 – Thomas Peterson Mundy of New Jersey becomes the first black man to cast a ballot after the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution gives blacks the right to vote.
• 1871 – Arthur Griffith was born (d. 1922). President of Ireland.
• 1872 – Alexandra Kollontai was born (d. 1952). Russian ambassador to Norway.
• 1872 – Serge Diaghilev was born (d. 1929). Russian ballet impresario (Ballets Russes)
• 1876 – Borisav “Bora” Stanković was born (d. 1927). Serbian writer.
• 1878 – La Asamblea Nacional de Ecuador promulga una Nueva Constitución bajo la presidencia de Ignacio Veintimilla.
• 1877 – The family with samurai antecedents who responded to the Saigo army in Oita Nakatsu rebels.
• 1878 – Jack Johnson was born (d. 1946). African-American boxer.
• 1879 – Se establece por decreto en Venezuela el bolívar como moneda nacional.
• 1880 – Henryk Wieniawski dies. Polish composer .
• 1881 – Sigmund Freud received his MD degree from the University of Vienna. During his career as a medical student, Freud discovered that cocaine could be used as an analgesic.
• 1885 – The United Kingdom establishes a protectorate over Bechuanaland.
• 1885 – Pascin was born (d. 1930). Bulgarian painter, The “Prince of Montparnasse”.
• 1885 – Franz Wilhelm Abt dies (b. 1819). German composer.
• 1889 – The Eiffel Tower built for the Paris World’s Fair is opened to public.
• 1890 – William Lawrence Bragg was born (d. 1971). English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 1891 – Victor Varconi was born (d. 19876). Hungarian film actor.
• 1900 – Richard Alexander Walter Windsor was born. Duke of Gloucester .
• 1903 – Richard Pearse reportedly flies a heavier-than-air machine in powered flight near Pleasant Point, South Canterbury, New Zealand; some claim 1902
• 1906 – Sin-Itiro Tomonaga was born (d. 1979). Japanese physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 1906 – The Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (later National Collegiate Athletic Association) is established to set rules for amateur sports in the United States.
• 1907 – Eddie Quillan was born (d. 1990). American actor.
• 1908 – Red Norvo was born (d. 1999). American jazz vibraphonist.
• 1908 – Eugénio Salvador was born (d. 1992). Portuguese actor / Nascimento, em Lisboa, do grande actor português, Eugénio Salvador (m. 1992). [Aqui D'El Rei! (1992) (TV) . A Maluquinha de Arroios (1970) Bonança & C.a (1969) Passagem de Nível (1965) Aqui Há Fantasmas (1964) Parque das Ilusões, O (1963) Pupilas do Senhor Reitor, As (1961) Vidas Sem Rumo (1956) Comissário de Polícia, O (1953) Duas Causas (1953) Três da Vida Airada, Os (1952) Um Marido Solteiro (1952); Eram Duzentos Irmãos (1952); Madragoa (1952); Sonhar É Fácil (1951); Sol e Toiros (1949) ; Fado, História d'uma Cantadeira (1948); Cais do Sodré (1946) ;Maria Papoila (1937/I) Lisboa (1930)].
• 1909 – Serbia accepts Austrian control over Bosnia-Herzegovina.
• 1911 – Elisabeth Grümmer was born (d. 1986). Alsatian soprano.
• 1912 – Hermann Höcherl was born (d. 1989). German politician.
• 1912 – Karl May dies (b. 1842). Author.
• 1913 – John Pierpont Morgan dies (b. 1837). American financier and banker.
• 1914 – Octavio Paz was born (d. 1998). Mexican writer, diplomat, and Nobel laureate
• 1915 – Albert Hourani was born (d. 1993). English historian.
• 1915 – Shoichi Yokoi was born (d. 1997). Japanese military man.
• 1915 – Wyndham Halswelle dies (b. 1882). British runner.
• 1915 – Sixto (Doroteo) Palavecino was born in Barrancas, Salavina. Argentine musician.
• 1916 – John H. Wood, Jr. was born (d. 1979). American federal judge.
• 1917 – Emil Adolf von Behring dies (b. 1854). German physician, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1901.
• 1917 – The United States takes possession of the U.S. Virgin Islands after paying $25 million to Denmark.
• 1918 – Daylight Savings Time goes into effect in the United States for the first time.
• 1919 – Frank Akins was born (d. 1993). American football player.
• 1924 – Leo Buscaglia was born (d. 1998). American author.
• 1924 – Charles Guggenheim was born (d. 2002). American film director/producer
• 1925 – Jean Coutu was born (d. 1999). French Canadian actor.
• 1926 – John Fowles was born (d. 2005). English author .
• 1927 – César Chávez was born (d. 1993). American labor activist.
• 1927 – William Daniels was born. American actor .
• 1928 – Gordie Howe was born. Canadian ice hockey player .
• 1928 – Lefty Frizzell was born (d. 1975). American singer and songwriter.
• 1929 – Bertram Fields was born. American lawyer
• 1929 – Lucille Bliss was born. American voice actress.
• 1929 – Liz Claiborne was born. Belgian fashion designer.
• 1930 – The Motion Pictures Production Code is instituted, imposing strict guidelines on the treatment of sex, crime, religion and violence in motion pictures for the next forty years .
• 1931 – An earthquake destroys Managua Nicaragua, killing 2,000.
• 1931 – Miller Barber was born. American golfer
• 1931 – Knute Rockne dies (b. 1888). American football coach.
• 1932 – Nagisa Oshima was born in Kyoto, Japan. Director, Writer, Editor, Actor, Director [ (TV) Kyoto, My Mother's Place (1991); Max mon amour (1986); Merry Christmas Mr. Lawrence (1983) ; Ai no borei (1978) aka Empire of Passion (USA); Ai no corrida (1976) aka Bullfight of Love (Japan: literal English title).. aka Empire of the Senses; The Battle of Tsushima (1975) ; Natsu no imoto (1972)... aka Dear Summer Sister; Shonen (1969)... aka Boy (USA);Nihon shunka-kô (1967)... aka A Treatise on Japanese Bawdy Songs; Ai to kibo no machi (1959)... aka A Street of Love and Hope (literal English title) and many others.].
• 1933 – The Civilian Conservation Corps is established with the mission to relieve rampant unemployment.
• 1933 – El presidente de Uruguay, Gabriel Terra, da un golpe de Estado y disuelve el Parlamento.
• 1933 – Nichita Stănescu was born (d. 1983). Romanian poet.
• 1934 – Richard Chamberlain was born. American actor (Dr. Kildare)
• 1934 – John D. Loudermilk was born. American singer and songwriter
• 1934 – Shirley Jones was born. American singer and actress .
• 1934 – Carlo Rubbia was born. Italian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 1935 – Judith Rossner was born. American author.
• 1935 – Herb Alpert was born. American trumpeter an band leader.
• 1935 – Ruth Escobar was born. Brazilian actress, journalist and politician.
• 1936 – Bob Pulford was born. Canadian hockey player
• 1936 – Marge Piercy was born. American writer
• 1936 – Dokumamushi Sandayu was born. Japanese actor
• 1938 – Sheila Dikshit was born. Chief Minister of Delhi.
• 1938 – David Steel was born. Scottish politician.
• 1938 – Michiko Nomura was born. Japanese voice actor
• 1938 – Bill Hicke was born (d. 2005). Canadian ice hockey player.
• 1939 – Zviad Gamsakhurdia was born (d. 1993). Scientist and writer, first President of the Republic of Georgia.
• 1939 – Volker Schlöndorff was born. German film director .
• 1940 – Patrick Leahy was born. United States Senator from Vermont.
• 1940 – Barney Frank was born. U.S. Representative from Massachusetts
• 1941 – Cox v. New Hampshire : The Supreme Court unanimously upheld the convictions of Jehovah’s Witnesses for engaging in a public parade without a license.
• 1942 – In World War II, Japanese forces invade Christmas Island, then a British possession.
• 1942 – Holocaust in Ivano-Frankivsk (then called Stanislawow), western Ukraine. German Gestapo organise the first deportation of 5.000 Jews from Stanislawow ghetto to Belzec death camp. It was one of the biggest transports to Belzec in the first phase of the camp.
• 1942 – Michael Savage was born. American talk radio host and commentator
• 1943 – Christopher Walken was born. American actor.
• 1944 – Japanese Navy Marshal Mineichi Koga dies in the performance of job in the Navy Second Incident.
• 1944 – Pascal Danel was born. French singer and songwriter
• 1945 – Valerie Curtin was born. American actress, writer, and producer.
• 1945 – Gabe Kaplan was born. American actor and comedian.
• 1945 – Anne Frank dies (b. 1929). German-born diarist whose world-famous diary was published after WW II.
• 1945 – Hans Fischer dies in Munich (b. 27 Jul 1881). German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate in 1930.
• 1946 – The first election is held in Greece after World War II.
• 1946 – Gonzalo Márquez was born (d. 1984). Venezuelan Major League Baseball player.
• 1947 – Cesar Gaviria Trujillo was born. President of Colombia.
• 1947 – En Paraguay, las fuerzas rebeldes contra el Gobierno de Higinio Moriñigo son derrotadas en Piripuco.
• 1948 – Al Gore was born. Vice President of the United States .
• 1948 – Rhea Perlman was born. American actress .
• 1948 – Aprovação pelo Congresso dos Estados Unidos da América do chamado “Plano Marshall”.
• 1949 – Bethel Enproe Adam was born. Second Angam Baby .
• 1949 – The Dominion of Newfoundland joins Confederation and becomes the 10th Province of Canada/ Terranova ingresa en la Federación Canadiense, y se constituye en la décima provincia de Canadá.
• 1950 – Ed Marinaro was born. American football player and actor.
• 1950 – Andras Adorjan was born. Hungarian chess player,
• 1952 – Wallace H. White, Jr. dies (b. 1877). U.S. Senator from Maine.
• 1953 – Foram descobertos os “Manuscritos do Mar Morto” .
• 1954 – Edwin Armstrong dies (b. 1890). American electrical engineer and inventor.
• 1955 – Angus Young was born. Scottish-born musician (AC/DC).
• 1956 – Ralph DePalma dies (b. 1884). Italian-born race car driver.
• 1957 – Elections to the Territorial Assembly of the French colony Upper Volta. After the elections PDU and MDV form a government.
• 1957 – Marc McClure was born. American actor.
• 1957 – Alan Duncan was born. British politician
• 1959 – The 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, crosses the border into India and is granted political asylum.
• 1963 – Paul Mercurio was born. Australian actor/dancer.
• 1964 – Golpe militar de 1964 no Brasil derruba o presidente João Goulart .
• 1964 – The Dictatorship in Brazil, under the aegis of general Castello Branco, begins.
• 1964 – Paul Wong Koon-Chung was born. Hong Kong musician (Beyond)
• 1965 – Iberia Airlines Convair 440, crashed into the sea on approach to Tangier killing 47 of 51 occupants.
• 1965 – Tom Barrasso was born. American ice hockey player.
• 1965 – Steven T. Seagle was born. American comic-book writer
• 1966 – The Soviet Union launches Luna 10 which later becomes the first spaceprobe to enter orbit around the Moon.
• 1966 – Roger Black was born. British athlete .
• 1967 – Jimi Hendrix burns his guitar for the first time at London’s Astoria Theatre. He is sent to the hospital afterwards for burns on his hands.
• 1968 – President Lyndon Johnson announces he will not run for re-election.
• 1968 – Naoya Ogawa was born. Japanese professional wrestler
• 1969 – Samantha Brown was born. American television host
• 1970 – Explorer 1 re-enters the Earth’s atmosphere (after 12 years in orbit).
• 1970 – Eight terrorists from the Japanese Red Army hijacked a Japan Airlines Boeing 727 at Tokyo International Airport, wielding samurai swords and carrying a bomb.
• 1971 – Ewan McGregor was born. Scottish actor .
• 1971 – Pavel Bure was born. Russian ice hockey player.
• 1972 – Alejandro Amenábar was born in Santiago. Chilean actor, writer and film director.
• 1972 – Hristos Polihroniou was born. Greek hammer thrower
• 1973 – Bold Forbes was born (d. 2000). Puerto Rican racehorse.
• 1974 – Stefan Olsdal was born. Bassist for Placebo (band)
• 1974 – Benjamin Eicher was born. Swiss film director
• 1976 – The New Jersey Supreme Court sets a precedent, ruling that coma patient Karen Anne Quinlan can be taken off life support so she can “die with dignity.”
• 1976 – Josh Saviano was born. American actor (The Wonder Years).
• 1977 – Toshiya was born. Japanese musician (Dir en grey)
• 1978 – Tony Yayo was born. American rapper
• 1978 – Stephen Clemence was born. English footballer.
• 1978 – Jérôme Rothen was born. French footballer
• 1978 – Fernando Horácio Ávalos was born. Argentinean footballer (Nacional Madeira, Portugal)
• 1978 – Charles Best dies (b. 1899). Canadian medical scientist.
• 1979 – The last British soldier leaves the Maltese Islands. Malta declares its Freedom Day (Jum il-Helsien).
• 1979 – In Jerusalem, Israel, Gali Atari & Milk and Honey win the twenth-fourth Eurovision Song Contest for Israel singing “Hallelujah”.
• 1979 – Josh Kinney was born. American baseball player.
• 1980 – Maaya Sakamoto was born. Japanese voice actor.
• 1980 – Michael Ryder was born. Canadian ice hockey player
• 1980 – Jesse Owens dies in Phoenix, Arizona (b. 1913). American track-and-field legend.
• 1980 – Vladimír Holan dies (b. 1905). Czech poet.
• 1980 – Chien-Ming Wang was born. Taiwanese Major League Baseball player.
• 1981 – Maarten van der Weijden was born. Dutch swimmer
• 1981 – Enid Bagnold dies (b. 1889). British author and playwright.
• 1982 – Lennon Murphy was born. American rock singer/songwriter and Suicide Girl
• 1982 – Tal Ben Haim was born. Israeli footballer.
• 1982 – Philippe Mexès was born. French footballer.
• 1983 – Paddy McCarthy was born. Irish footballer.
• 1983 – Vlasios Maras was born. Greek gymnast
• 1984 – El presidente de Honduras, Roberto Suazo Córdova, asume el mando temporal de las Fuerzas Armadas.
• 1984 – Ronald Clark O’Bryan dies executed (b. 1944). American murderer.
• 1985 – The Singing Nun dies (b. 1933). Belgian nun and singer.
• 1985 – The first ever WrestleMania is held in New York City’s Madison Square Garden.
• 1986 – A Mexicana Boeing 727 enroute to Puerto Vallarta erupts in flames and crashes in the mountains northwest of Mexico City, killing 166 .
• 1986 – Six metropolitan county councils are abolished in England .
• 1986 – Paulo Machado was born in Porto. Portuguese footballer (União Leiria in 2006/07)
• 1987 – El Papa, Juan Pablo II, llega a Montevideo en su octava visita a Iberoamérica.
• 1987 – Georg Listing was born. German bassist (Tokio Hotel)
• 1988 – William McMahon dies (b. 1908). Twentieth Prime Minister of Australia
• 1989 – Yaser Arafat es proclamado presidente de Palestina por decisión unánime de los 70 miembros del Comité Central de la OLP.
• 1990 – El político español José María Aznar es elegido presidente del Partido Popular.
• 1990 – Boxer Julio César Chávez defeats Meldrick Taylor to unify the boxing’s world junior welterweight title in a very controversial fight known as “Thunder Meets Lightning“.
• 1991 – The Warsaw Pact comes to an end.
• 1991 – British Telecom changes its name into ‘BT‘.
• 1992 – Boris Yeltsin firma en Moscú el Tratado de la Federación con 18 repúblicas rusas.
• 1992 – The television news program Dateline NBC premieres.
• 1992 – A inflação no Brasil atinge um pico recorde de 84,3% no mês. Nos últimos 12 meses a inflação havia chegado a 4.854%
• 1992 – USS Missouri (BB-63), the last active US Navy Battleship, is decommissioned in Long Beach, California.
• 1993 – O Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas aprovam o uso de força militar na Jugoslávia.
• 1993 – Actor Brandon Lee (b. 1965) is accidentally killed during the filming of The Crow.
• 1993 – Mitchell Parish dies (b. 1900)., American lyricist.
• 1994 – The journal Nature reports the finding in Ethiopia of the first complete Australopithecus afarensis skull (see Human evolution).
• 1994 – Caden Waidyatilleka was born. American actor
• 1995 – Popular Tex-Mex singer Selena Quintanilla is murdered by her assistant Yolanda Saldivar in a Corpus Christi, Texas motel after a heated discussion where the latter was accused of ripping off the artist’s fan club.
• 1995 – Selena dies (b. 1971). American singer.
• 1996 – Valentino Rossi takes part in his first 125cc Motorcycle Grand Prix race, at Shah Alam, Malaysia.
• 1996 – Jeffrey Lee Pierce dies (b. 1958). American singer member of The Gun Club.
• 1998 – Netscape gives the code base of its browser under an open-source license agreement, thus creating Mozilla Foundation, a not-for-profit corporation to oversee the development of Mozilla.
• 1998 – Bella Abzug dies (b. 1920). American politician.
• 1998 – Tim Flock dies (b. 1924). American race car driver.
• 1999 – Yuri Knorosov dies (b. 1922). Russian linguist and epigrapher.
• 2000 – Cuffley v. Mickes : The Ku Klux Klan applied to participate in Missouri’s Adopt-A-Highway program, but were denied because of their beliefs. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Klan.
• 2001 – President Gordon B. Hinckley, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, announces the formation of the Perpetual Education Fund, an endowment to offer loans to students in developing nations.
• 2001 – Clifford Shull dies (b. 1915). American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 2002 – 331 Earthquake in Taiwan, which measured 7.1 and killed at least four people.
• 2002 – Barry Took dies (b. 1928). British comedian and writer.
• 2003 – Tommy Seebach dies (b. 1949). Danish singer.
• 2003 – Anne Gwynne dies (b. 1918). American film actress.
• 2003 – H.S.M. Coxeter dies (b. 1907). English-born geometer and author.
• 2003 – Michael Jeter dies. Actor.
• 2003 – Tommy Seebach dies (b. 1949). Danish singer.
• 2004 – Google announces Gmail, the first web-based mail service to offer 1 gigabyte of storage.
• 2004 – In Fallujah, Iraq, 4 American private military contractors working for Blackwater USA, are killed and their bodies mutilated after being ambushed.
• 2004 – Sandton Square in Johannesburg, South Africa, is renamed Nelson Mandela Square.
• 2005 – After 13 days without her feeding tube, Terri Schiavo dies in Florida. Terri Schiavo fell into a coma brought on buy her bulimia and the loss of blood flow to her brain caused it to die – her cerebral cortex was gone and spinal fluid was all that remains. Terri Schiavo’s husband, Michael, wanted the feeding tube removed and said that was what she would have wanted. All courts agreed, but Terri Schiavo’s parents fought it – and lost
• 2005 – Stanley J. Korsmeyer dies (b. 1951). American oncologist.
• 2005 – Frank Perdue dies (b. 1920). American poultry farmer.
• 2005 – Terri Schiavo dies (b. 1963). American figure in right to die case.
• 2006 – Jackie McLean dies (b. 1931 or 1932). American jazz saxophonist.
• 2006 – Angela Devi dies (b. 1975). American adult model.
• Brasil: Dia da Integração Nacional
• Freedom Day in Malta
• New Jersey – Thomas Mundy Peterson Day
• César Chávez Day – official holiday in five states and many cities across the U.S.

On this day in History – Mar. 31 Março 31, 2007

• 0250 – Constantius Chlorus was born (d. 0306). Roman Emperor.
• 0307 – After divorcing his wife Minerva, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Maximian.
• 1084 – Anti-pope Clement III crowned German emperor Henry IV.
• 1128 – Num diploma desta data, o nome de D. Afonso Henriques aparece à frente de Fernão Peres de Trava, pela primeira vez, demonstrando a tentativa de pacificação entre D. Teresa, Fernão Peres de Trava e a nobreza portucalense revoltada.
• 1146 – Bernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at Vézelay, urging the necessity of a Second Crusade. Louis VII is present, and joins the Crusade.
• 1204 – Eleanor of Aquitaine dies (b. 1121). Queen of France and England.
• 1340 – Ivan I of Russia dies (b. 1288). Prince of Moscow.
• 1371 – É assinado o Tratado de Alcoutim entre D. Fernando e Henrique II de Castela, pelo qual se põe fim à guerra começada em 1369. D. Fernando abdicava das suas pretensões à coroa de Castela, obtendo em troca um alargamento do território de Portugal e o acordo para o seu casamento com a Infanta Dona Leonor, filha mais velha do rei de Castela.
• 1492 – Os reis Católicos, Fernando de Aragão e Isabel de Castela, assinam o decreto de expulsão dos judeus da Espanha.
• 1499 – Pope Pius IV was born (d. 1565).
• 1504 – Guru Angad Dev was born (d. 1552). Second Guru of the Sikhs.
• 1519 – Henry II of France was born (d. 1559).
• 1521 – The first Roman Catholic mass in the Philippines was celebrated on the island of Limasawa.
• 1536 – Ashikaga Yoshiteru was born (d. 1565). Ashikaga shogun.
• 1567 – Philipp I of Hesse dies (b. 1504).
• 1596 – René Descartes was born in La Haye (d. 11 Feb 1650). French mathematician and philosopher. (“I think, therefore I am”)
• 1621 – Philip III of Spain ( Philip II of Portugal) dies (b. 1578)./ Morte de Filipe II de Portugal, (Filipe III de Catela) nascido em 1578, sucedendo-lhe Filipe III com 16 anos.
• 1621 – Andrew Marvell was born (d. 1678). English poet.
• 1631 – John Donne dies (b. 1572). English writer and prelate.
• 1651 – Karl II, Elector Palatine was born (d. 1685).
• 1667 – Assinatura do tratado de aliança entre D. Afonso VI e Luís XIV (França), contra Carlos II de Espanha.
• 1671 – Anne Hyde dies (b. 1637). Queen of James II of England.
• 1675 – Pope Benedict XIV was born (d. 1758).
• 1693 – John Harrisson was born (d. 1776). English horologist and inventer /Nasceu o inventor inglês John Harrison, responsável pelo cronómetro .
• 1703 – Johann Christoph Bach, dies (b. 1642). German composer.
• 1703 – Portugal, Inglaterra e Holanda assinaram um tratado de aliança ofensiva e defensiva .
• 1711 – Ireland’s last trial for witchcraft was at Magee Island.
• 1717 – A sermon on “The Nature of the Kingdom of Christ” by Benjamin Hoadly, the Bishop of Bangor, provoked the Bangorian Controversy.
• 1718 – Marianne Victoria of Borbón was born (d. 1781). Queen regent of Portugal.
• 1723 – King Frederick V of Denmark was born (d. 1766).
• 1723 – Edward Hyde, 3rd Earl of Clarendon dies (b. 1661). British Governor of New York and New Jersey
• 1727 – Sir Isaac Newton dies (b. 1643). Mathematician and physicist.
• 1730 – Étienne Bézout was born (d. 1783). French mathematician.
• 1732 – Joseph Haydn was born in Rohrau, Austria. ( d. 31 May 1809 in Vienna). Composer.
• 1741 – Pieter Burmann the Elder dies (b. 1668). Dutch classical scholar
• 1742 – P. D. Q. Bach was born (d. 1807). Fictitious composer.
• 1745 – Jews were expelled from Prague.
• 1774 – American Revolutionary War: The Kingdom of Great Britain orders the port of Boston, Massachusetts closed in the Boston Port Act.
• 1777 – Charles Cagniard de la Tour was born (d. 1859). French physicist.
• 1778 – Coenraad Jacob Temminck was born (d. 1858). Dutch zoologist.
• 1783 – Nikita Ivanovich Panin dies (b. 1718). Russian statesman.
• 1791 – Mozart aceita a encomenda anónima de um Requiem, enquanto última a composição da Flauta Mágica.
• 1794 – Thomas McKean Thompson McKennan was born (d. 1852). American politician.
• 1806 – Benito Juarez was born (d. 1872). Mexican statesman.
• 1809 – Edward FitzGerald was born (d. 1883). English poet.
• 1809 – Nikolai Gogol was born (d. 1852). Russian writer.
• 1811 – Robert Wilhelm Bunsen was born (d. 1899). Chemist, inventor: Bunsen burner.
• 1819 – Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst was born (d. 1901). Chancellor of Germany
• 1821 – É extinta a Inquisição em Portugal, por uma sessão das Cortes Gerais, Extraordinárias e Constituintes da Nação Portuguesa. Tinha sido instituída por meio da bula “Cum ad nihit magis”, de 23 de Maio de 1536.
• 1822 – The population of the Greek island of Chios is massacred by the Turks following a rebellion attempt, depicted by the French artist Eugène Delacroix.
• 1829 – Pius VIII was elected pope.
• 1837 – John Constable dies (b. 1776). English painter.
• 1839 – Las fuerzas gubernamentales del general y político argentino Juan Manuel de Rosas masacran a los sublevados del barón de Astrada, quien perece en la lucha.
• 1847 – Yegor Ivanovich Zolotarev, Russian mathematician (d. 1878)
• 1854 – Commodore Matthew Perry signs the Treaty of Kanagawa with the Japanese government, opening the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade.
• 1855 – Alfred E. Hunt was born (d. 1899). American metallurgist and industrialist best known for founding the company that would eventually become, the world’s largest producer and distributor of aluminum.
• 1855 – Charlotte Brontë dies (b. 1816). English author.
• 1864 – Manuel Murillo Toro is elected President of Colombia.
• 1866 – Spanish Navy bombs the harbour of Valparaíso, Chile .
• 1870 – Thomas Peterson Mundy of New Jersey becomes the first black man to cast a ballot after the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution gives blacks the right to vote.
• 1871 – Arthur Griffith was born (d. 1922). President of Ireland.
• 1872 – Alexandra Kollontai was born (d. 1952). Russian ambassador to Norway.
• 1872 – Serge Diaghilev was born (d. 1929). Russian ballet impresario (Ballets Russes)
• 1876 – Borisav “Bora” Stanković was born (d. 1927). Serbian writer.
• 1878 – La Asamblea Nacional de Ecuador promulga una Nueva Constitución bajo la presidencia de Ignacio Veintimilla.
• 1877 – The family with samurai antecedents who responded to the Saigo army in Oita Nakatsu rebels.
• 1878 – Jack Johnson was born (d. 1946). African-American boxer.
• 1879 – Se establece por decreto en Venezuela el bolívar como moneda nacional.
• 1880 – Henryk Wieniawski dies. Polish composer .
• 1881 – Sigmund Freud received his MD degree from the University of Vienna. During his career as a medical student, Freud discovered that cocaine could be used as an analgesic.
• 1885 – The United Kingdom establishes a protectorate over Bechuanaland.
• 1885 – Pascin was born (d. 1930). Bulgarian painter, The “Prince of Montparnasse”.
• 1885 – Franz Wilhelm Abt dies (b. 1819). German composer.
• 1889 – The Eiffel Tower built for the Paris World’s Fair is opened to public.
• 1890 – William Lawrence Bragg was born (d. 1971). English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 1891 – Victor Varconi was born (d. 19876). Hungarian film actor.
• 1900 – Richard Alexander Walter Windsor was born. Duke of Gloucester .
• 1903 – Richard Pearse reportedly flies a heavier-than-air machine in powered flight near Pleasant Point, South Canterbury, New Zealand; some claim 1902
• 1906 – Sin-Itiro Tomonaga was born (d. 1979). Japanese physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 1906 – The Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (later National Collegiate Athletic Association) is established to set rules for amateur sports in the United States.
• 1907 – Eddie Quillan was born (d. 1990). American actor.
• 1908 – Red Norvo was born (d. 1999). American jazz vibraphonist.
• 1908 – Eugénio Salvador was born (d. 1992). Portuguese actor / Nascimento, em Lisboa, do grande actor português, Eugénio Salvador (m. 1992). [Aqui D'El Rei! (1992) (TV) . A Maluquinha de Arroios (1970) Bonança & C.a (1969) Passagem de Nível (1965) Aqui Há Fantasmas (1964) Parque das Ilusões, O (1963) Pupilas do Senhor Reitor, As (1961) Vidas Sem Rumo (1956) Comissário de Polícia, O (1953) Duas Causas (1953) Três da Vida Airada, Os (1952) Um Marido Solteiro (1952); Eram Duzentos Irmãos (1952); Madragoa (1952); Sonhar É Fácil (1951); Sol e Toiros (1949) ; Fado, História d'uma Cantadeira (1948); Cais do Sodré (1946) ;Maria Papoila (1937/I) Lisboa (1930)].
• 1909 – Serbia accepts Austrian control over Bosnia-Herzegovina.
• 1911 – Elisabeth Grümmer was born (d. 1986). Alsatian soprano.
• 1912 – Hermann Höcherl was born (d. 1989). German politician.
• 1912 – Karl May dies (b. 1842). Author.
• 1913 – John Pierpont Morgan dies (b. 1837). American financier and banker.
• 1914 – Octavio Paz was born (d. 1998). Mexican writer, diplomat, and Nobel laureate
• 1915 – Albert Hourani was born (d. 1993). English historian.
• 1915 – Shoichi Yokoi was born (d. 1997). Japanese military man.
• 1915 – Wyndham Halswelle dies (b. 1882). British runner.
• 1915 – Sixto (Doroteo) Palavecino was born in Barrancas, Salavina. Argentine musician.
• 1916 – John H. Wood, Jr. was born (d. 1979). American federal judge.
• 1917 – Emil Adolf von Behring dies (b. 1854). German physician, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1901.
• 1917 – The United States takes possession of the U.S. Virgin Islands after paying $25 million to Denmark.
• 1918 – Daylight Savings Time goes into effect in the United States for the first time.
• 1919 – Frank Akins was born (d. 1993). American football player.
• 1924 – Leo Buscaglia was born (d. 1998). American author.
• 1924 – Charles Guggenheim was born (d. 2002). American film director/producer
• 1925 – Jean Coutu was born (d. 1999). French Canadian actor.
• 1926 – John Fowles was born (d. 2005). English author .
• 1927 – César Chávez was born (d. 1993). American labor activist.
• 1927 – William Daniels was born. American actor .
• 1928 – Gordie Howe was born. Canadian ice hockey player .
• 1928 – Lefty Frizzell was born (d. 1975). American singer and songwriter.
• 1929 – Bertram Fields was born. American lawyer
• 1929 – Lucille Bliss was born. American voice actress.
• 1929 – Liz Claiborne was born. Belgian fashion designer.
• 1930 – The Motion Pictures Production Code is instituted, imposing strict guidelines on the treatment of sex, crime, religion and violence in motion pictures for the next forty years .
• 1931 – An earthquake destroys Managua Nicaragua, killing 2,000.
• 1931 – Miller Barber was born. American golfer
• 1931 – Knute Rockne dies (b. 1888). American football coach.
• 1932 – Nagisa Oshima was born in Kyoto, Japan. Director, Writer, Editor, Actor, Director [ (TV) Kyoto, My Mother's Place (1991); Max mon amour (1986); Merry Christmas Mr. Lawrence (1983) ; Ai no borei (1978) aka Empire of Passion (USA); Ai no corrida (1976) aka Bullfight of Love (Japan: literal English title).. aka Empire of the Senses; The Battle of Tsushima (1975) ; Natsu no imoto (1972)... aka Dear Summer Sister; Shonen (1969)... aka Boy (USA);Nihon shunka-kô (1967)... aka A Treatise on Japanese Bawdy Songs; Ai to kibo no machi (1959)... aka A Street of Love and Hope (literal English title) and many others.].
• 1933 – The Civilian Conservation Corps is established with the mission to relieve rampant unemployment.
• 1933 – El presidente de Uruguay, Gabriel Terra, da un golpe de Estado y disuelve el Parlamento.
• 1933 – Nichita Stănescu was born (d. 1983). Romanian poet.
• 1934 – Richard Chamberlain was born. American actor (Dr. Kildare)
• 1934 – John D. Loudermilk was born. American singer and songwriter
• 1934 – Shirley Jones was born. American singer and actress .
• 1934 – Carlo Rubbia was born. Italian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 1935 – Judith Rossner was born. American author.
• 1935 – Herb Alpert was born. American trumpeter an band leader.
• 1935 – Ruth Escobar was born. Brazilian actress, journalist and politician.
• 1936 – Bob Pulford was born. Canadian hockey player
• 1936 – Marge Piercy was born. American writer
• 1936 – Dokumamushi Sandayu was born. Japanese actor
• 1938 – Sheila Dikshit was born. Chief Minister of Delhi.
• 1938 – David Steel was born. Scottish politician.
• 1938 – Michiko Nomura was born. Japanese voice actor
• 1938 – Bill Hicke was born (d. 2005). Canadian ice hockey player.
• 1939 – Zviad Gamsakhurdia was born (d. 1993). Scientist and writer, first President of the Republic of Georgia.
• 1939 – Volker Schlöndorff was born. German film director .
• 1940 – Patrick Leahy was born. United States Senator from Vermont.
• 1940 – Barney Frank was born. U.S. Representative from Massachusetts
• 1941 – Cox v. New Hampshire : The Supreme Court unanimously upheld the convictions of Jehovah’s Witnesses for engaging in a public parade without a license.
• 1942 – In World War II, Japanese forces invade Christmas Island, then a British possession.
• 1942 – Holocaust in Ivano-Frankivsk (then called Stanislawow), western Ukraine. German Gestapo organise the first deportation of 5.000 Jews from Stanislawow ghetto to Belzec death camp. It was one of the biggest transports to Belzec in the first phase of the camp.
• 1942 – Michael Savage was born. American talk radio host and commentator
• 1943 – Christopher Walken was born. American actor.
• 1944 – Japanese Navy Marshal Mineichi Koga dies in the performance of job in the Navy Second Incident.
• 1944 – Pascal Danel was born. French singer and songwriter
• 1945 – Valerie Curtin was born. American actress, writer, and producer.
• 1945 – Gabe Kaplan was born. American actor and comedian.
• 1945 – Anne Frank dies (b. 1929). German-born diarist whose world-famous diary was published after WW II.
• 1945 – Hans Fischer dies in Munich (b. 27 Jul 1881). German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate in 1930.
• 1946 – The first election is held in Greece after World War II.
• 1946 – Gonzalo Márquez was born (d. 1984). Venezuelan Major League Baseball player.
• 1947 – Cesar Gaviria Trujillo was born. President of Colombia.
• 1947 – En Paraguay, las fuerzas rebeldes contra el Gobierno de Higinio Moriñigo son derrotadas en Piripuco.
• 1948 – Al Gore was born. Vice President of the United States .
• 1948 – Rhea Perlman was born. American actress .
• 1948 – Aprovação pelo Congresso dos Estados Unidos da América do chamado “Plano Marshall”.
• 1949 – Bethel Enproe Adam was born. Second Angam Baby .
• 1949 – The Dominion of Newfoundland joins Confederation and becomes the 10th Province of Canada/ Terranova ingresa en la Federación Canadiense, y se constituye en la décima provincia de Canadá.
• 1950 – Ed Marinaro was born. American football player and actor.
• 1950 – Andras Adorjan was born. Hungarian chess player,
• 1952 – Wallace H. White, Jr. dies (b. 1877). U.S. Senator from Maine.
• 1953 – Foram descobertos os “Manuscritos do Mar Morto” .
• 1954 – Edwin Armstrong dies (b. 1890). American electrical engineer and inventor.
• 1955 – Angus Young was born. Scottish-born musician (AC/DC).
• 1956 – Ralph DePalma dies (b. 1884). Italian-born race car driver.
• 1957 – Elections to the Territorial Assembly of the French colony Upper Volta. After the elections PDU and MDV form a government.
• 1957 – Marc McClure was born. American actor.
• 1957 – Alan Duncan was born. British politician
• 1959 – The 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, crosses the border into India and is granted political asylum.
• 1963 – Paul Mercurio was born. Australian actor/dancer.
• 1964 – Golpe militar de 1964 no Brasil derruba o presidente João Goulart .
• 1964 – The Dictatorship in Brazil, under the aegis of general Castello Branco, begins.
• 1964 – Paul Wong Koon-Chung was born. Hong Kong musician (Beyond)
• 1965 – Iberia Airlines Convair 440, crashed into the sea on approach to Tangier killing 47 of 51 occupants.
• 1965 – Tom Barrasso was born. American ice hockey player.
• 1965 – Steven T. Seagle was born. American comic-book writer
• 1966 – The Soviet Union launches Luna 10 which later becomes the first spaceprobe to enter orbit around the Moon.
• 1966 – Roger Black was born. British athlete .
• 1967 – Jimi Hendrix burns his guitar for the first time at London’s Astoria Theatre. He is sent to the hospital afterwards for burns on his hands.
• 1968 – President Lyndon Johnson announces he will not run for re-election.
• 1968 – Naoya Ogawa was born. Japanese professional wrestler
• 1969 – Samantha Brown was born. American television host
• 1970 – Explorer 1 re-enters the Earth’s atmosphere (after 12 years in orbit).
• 1970 – Eight terrorists from the Japanese Red Army hijacked a Japan Airlines Boeing 727 at Tokyo International Airport, wielding samurai swords and carrying a bomb.
• 1971 – Ewan McGregor was born. Scottish actor .
• 1971 – Pavel Bure was born. Russian ice hockey player.
• 1972 – Alejandro Amenábar was born in Santiago. Chilean actor, writer and film director.
• 1972 – Hristos Polihroniou was born. Greek hammer thrower
• 1973 – Bold Forbes was born (d. 2000). Puerto Rican racehorse.
• 1974 – Stefan Olsdal was born. Bassist for Placebo (band)
• 1974 – Benjamin Eicher was born. Swiss film director
• 1976 – The New Jersey Supreme Court sets a precedent, ruling that coma patient Karen Anne Quinlan can be taken off life support so she can “die with dignity.”
• 1976 – Josh Saviano was born. American actor (The Wonder Years).
• 1977 – Toshiya was born. Japanese musician (Dir en grey)
• 1978 – Tony Yayo was born. American rapper
• 1978 – Stephen Clemence was born. English footballer.
• 1978 – Jérôme Rothen was born. French footballer
• 1978 – Fernando Horácio Ávalos was born. Argentinean footballer (Nacional Madeira, Portugal)
• 1978 – Charles Best dies (b. 1899). Canadian medical scientist.
• 1979 – The last British soldier leaves the Maltese Islands. Malta declares its Freedom Day (Jum il-Helsien).
• 1979 – In Jerusalem, Israel, Gali Atari & Milk and Honey win the twenth-fourth Eurovision Song Contest for Israel singing “Hallelujah”.
• 1979 – Josh Kinney was born. American baseball player.
• 1980 – Maaya Sakamoto was born. Japanese voice actor.
• 1980 – Michael Ryder was born. Canadian ice hockey player
• 1980 – Jesse Owens dies in Phoenix, Arizona (b. 1913). American track-and-field legend.
• 1980 – Vladimír Holan dies (b. 1905). Czech poet.
• 1980 – Chien-Ming Wang was born. Taiwanese Major League Baseball player.
• 1981 – Maarten van der Weijden was born. Dutch swimmer
• 1981 – Enid Bagnold dies (b. 1889). British author and playwright.
• 1982 – Lennon Murphy was born. American rock singer/songwriter and Suicide Girl
• 1982 – Tal Ben Haim was born. Israeli footballer.
• 1982 – Philippe Mexès was born. French footballer.
• 1983 – Paddy McCarthy was born. Irish footballer.
• 1983 – Vlasios Maras was born. Greek gymnast
• 1984 – El presidente de Honduras, Roberto Suazo Córdova, asume el mando temporal de las Fuerzas Armadas.
• 1984 – Ronald Clark O’Bryan dies executed (b. 1944). American murderer.
• 1985 – The Singing Nun dies (b. 1933). Belgian nun and singer.
• 1985 – The first ever WrestleMania is held in New York City’s Madison Square Garden.
• 1986 – A Mexicana Boeing 727 enroute to Puerto Vallarta erupts in flames and crashes in the mountains northwest of Mexico City, killing 166 .
• 1986 – Six metropolitan county councils are abolished in England .
• 1986 – Paulo Machado was born in Porto. Portuguese footballer (União Leiria in 2006/07)
• 1987 – El Papa, Juan Pablo II, llega a Montevideo en su octava visita a Iberoamérica.
• 1987 – Georg Listing was born. German bassist (Tokio Hotel)
• 1988 – William McMahon dies (b. 1908). Twentieth Prime Minister of Australia
• 1989 – Yaser Arafat es proclamado presidente de Palestina por decisión unánime de los 70 miembros del Comité Central de la OLP.
• 1990 – El político español José María Aznar es elegido presidente del Partido Popular.
• 1990 – Boxer Julio César Chávez defeats Meldrick Taylor to unify the boxing’s world junior welterweight title in a very controversial fight known as “Thunder Meets Lightning“.
• 1991 – The Warsaw Pact comes to an end.
• 1991 – British Telecom changes its name into ‘BT‘.
• 1992 – Boris Yeltsin firma en Moscú el Tratado de la Federación con 18 repúblicas rusas.
• 1992 – The television news program Dateline NBC premieres.
• 1992 – A inflação no Brasil atinge um pico recorde de 84,3% no mês. Nos últimos 12 meses a inflação havia chegado a 4.854%
• 1992 – USS Missouri (BB-63), the last active US Navy Battleship, is decommissioned in Long Beach, California.
• 1993 – O Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas aprovam o uso de força militar na Jugoslávia.
• 1993 – Actor Brandon Lee (b. 1965) is accidentally killed during the filming of The Crow.
• 1993 – Mitchell Parish dies (b. 1900)., American lyricist.
• 1994 – The journal Nature reports the finding in Ethiopia of the first complete Australopithecus afarensis skull (see Human evolution).
• 1994 – Caden Waidyatilleka was born. American actor
• 1995 – Popular Tex-Mex singer Selena Quintanilla is murdered by her assistant Yolanda Saldivar in a Corpus Christi, Texas motel after a heated discussion where the latter was accused of ripping off the artist’s fan club.
• 1995 – Selena dies (b. 1971). American singer.
• 1996 – Valentino Rossi takes part in his first 125cc Motorcycle Grand Prix race, at Shah Alam, Malaysia.
• 1996 – Jeffrey Lee Pierce dies (b. 1958). American singer member of The Gun Club.
• 1998 – Netscape gives the code base of its browser under an open-source license agreement, thus creating Mozilla Foundation, a not-for-profit corporation to oversee the development of Mozilla.
• 1998 – Bella Abzug dies (b. 1920). American politician.
• 1998 – Tim Flock dies (b. 1924). American race car driver.
• 1999 – Yuri Knorosov dies (b. 1922). Russian linguist and epigrapher.
• 2000 – Cuffley v. Mickes : The Ku Klux Klan applied to participate in Missouri’s Adopt-A-Highway program, but were denied because of their beliefs. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Klan.
• 2001 – President Gordon B. Hinckley, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, announces the formation of the Perpetual Education Fund, an endowment to offer loans to students in developing nations.
• 2001 – Clifford Shull dies (b. 1915). American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 2002 – 331 Earthquake in Taiwan, which measured 7.1 and killed at least four people.
• 2002 – Barry Took dies (b. 1928). British comedian and writer.
• 2003 – Tommy Seebach dies (b. 1949). Danish singer.
• 2003 – Anne Gwynne dies (b. 1918). American film actress.
• 2003 – H.S.M. Coxeter dies (b. 1907). English-born geometer and author.
• 2003 – Michael Jeter dies. Actor.
• 2003 – Tommy Seebach dies (b. 1949). Danish singer.
• 2004 – Google announces Gmail, the first web-based mail service to offer 1 gigabyte of storage.
• 2004 – In Fallujah, Iraq, 4 American private military contractors working for Blackwater USA, are killed and their bodies mutilated after being ambushed.
• 2004 – Sandton Square in Johannesburg, South Africa, is renamed Nelson Mandela Square.
• 2005 – After 13 days without her feeding tube, Terri Schiavo dies in Florida. Terri Schiavo fell into a coma brought on buy her bulimia and the loss of blood flow to her brain caused it to die – her cerebral cortex was gone and spinal fluid was all that remains. Terri Schiavo’s husband, Michael, wanted the feeding tube removed and said that was what she would have wanted. All courts agreed, but Terri Schiavo’s parents fought it – and lost
• 2005 – Stanley J. Korsmeyer dies (b. 1951). American oncologist.
• 2005 – Frank Perdue dies (b. 1920). American poultry farmer.
• 2005 – Terri Schiavo dies (b. 1963). American figure in right to die case.
• 2006 – Jackie McLean dies (b. 1931 or 1932). American jazz saxophonist.
• 2006 – Angela Devi dies (b. 1975). American adult model.
• Brasil: Dia da Integração Nacional
• Freedom Day in Malta
• New Jersey – Thomas Mundy Peterson Day
• César Chávez Day – official holiday in five states and many cities across the U.S.

Musical suggestions of the day Março 30, 2007

Eric Clapton was born in Ripley, Surrey, England on 30 March 1945

Tears in Heaven

Lene Lovich was born in Detroit, Michigan, on March 30, 1949

My lucky number

Céline Dion was born in Charlemagne, Quebec, Canada, on March 30, 1968

I’m alive

Yalin was born in Istambul, Turkey on March 30, 1980
Degmez

Allgarve Março 30, 2007

Afinal quem começou esta «palermice»? E assim anda este nosso Portugall !

No ermo da mata o som da trompa ecoa… – Paul Verlaine Março 30, 2007

No ermo da mata o som da trompa ecoa,
Vem expirar embaixo da colina.
E uma dor de orfandade se imagina
Na brisa, que em labridos erra à toa.

A alma do lobo nessa voz ressoa…
Enche os vales e o céu, baixa à campina,
Numa agonia que à ternura inclina
E que tanto seduz quanto magoa.

Para tornar mais suave esse lamento,
Através do crepúsculo sangrento,
Como linho desfeito a neve cai.

Tão brando é o ar da tarde, que parece
Um suspiro do outono. E a noite desce
Sobre a paisagem lenta que se esvai.

(Tradução de Manuel Bandeira)

Paul-Marie Verlaine (n. em Metz, França, em 30 de Março de 1844; m. Paris 8 Jan. 1896)